Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий
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9. COVER LETTERYour Company Logo and Contact Information January 11, 2009 Brian Eno, Chief Engineer Carolina Chemical Products 3434 Pond View Lane Durham, NC 27708 Dear Mr. Eno: Enclosed is the final report on our installment of pollution control equipment at Eastern Chemical Company, which we send with Eastern's Permission. Please call me collect (ext. 1206) or email me at the address below if I can answer any questions. Sincerely, Nora Cassidy Technical Services Manager ncassidy@company.com Enclosure: Report 10. ABSTRACTIntroduction The work reports ... The purpose of the study was … This study attempted to answer the following questions … This study focused on … The aim of this study was to … ... has been studied. Methods The experimental study was carried out ... The following methods were used ... ... was (were) tested at the following conditions: .... ... was performed based on ... ... were established. ... has been designed. A theory of ... has been developed. ... has been estimated. Results The results obtained fitted the theory of ... Experimental results are in agreement with ... The predicted results explained the experimental results well. Therefore, ... Conclusions The proposed theory can be used for ... The proposed methodology can be used as ... The practical application of this work is ... 11. SAMPLE ABSTRACTSProduction of Diesel Fuel from Renewable Feeds: Kinetics of Ethyl Stearate Decarboxylation M. Snåre, I. Kubičková, P. Mäki-Arvela, K. Eränen, J. Wärnå and D.Yu. Murzin Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland Abstract The kinetics of liquid phase ethyl stearate decarboxylation for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons was studied over a Pd/C catalyst in a semi-batch reactor. The kinetic behavior was tested in a wide range of temperature. Furthermore a supplementary investigation of the reaction intermediate, stearic acid, was performed. The main kinetic regularities were established in both cases. Finally successful kinetic modeling and parameter estimation was performed based on the proposed reaction route. The predicted results explained the experimental results well. Keywords: Decarboxylation; Stearic acid; Biodiesel Mathematical Modelling of Phenol Photooxidation: Kinetics of the Process Toxicity Oscar Primo, María J. Rivero, Inmaculada Ortiz and Angel Irabien Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Inorgánica, E.T.S.I.I. y T., Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain Abstract This work reports the kinetic analysis of the photochemical degradation of phenol making use of the evolution of parameters such as the total organic carbon (TOC), toxicity of the treated water (TU), and oxidant concentration H2O2. The experimental study was carried out working with an initial concentration of phenol of 1000 mg L−1, with a constant flux of radiation of 8.8 × 10−5 einstein s−1 and a variable initial concentration of the oxidant in the range between 17 000 mg L−1 and 51 000 mg L−1. The obtained results of TOC fitted to a first order kinetic law whereas zero order kinetics was found to describe H2O2 evolution. The decrease of the toxicity followed a constant trend related to TOC, being the ratio TU/TOC dependant on the initial H2O2 concentration. Keywords: UV/H2O2; Phenol oxidation; TOC; TU evolution; Kinetic model The Impact of Regulation on Innovation LUCY FIRTH Economics of Infrastructures, Technical University, Delft DAVID MELLOR School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract This paper presents two examples that indicate the breadth of the impact of regulation on innovation. That some of the impacts in those examples were not intended by the regulators is taken as evidence that a better understanding of the impact of regulation is needed. The examples can be understood within theoretical frameworks that place innovation at the centre of social and economic activity within an integrated system. It is argued that understanding that system is essential to the better appreciation of the innovation process and relevant policy. Keywords: Innovation, competition, licensing, system, learning 12. GIVING A PRESENTATIONIntroducing Yourself Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. We haven’t all met before, so I’d better introduce myself. I’m _________ from _________. I hope you’ll excuse my English. I’m a little out of practice. Preparing the Audience I’m going to be talking about _________. I’ll start with _________ and then move on to _________, finally, I’m going to ________. I think if you don’t mind, we’ll leave questions to the end. Delivering the Message Firstly … Secondly … This brings me to my next point … I must emphasize … At this point we must consider … Now, to digress for a moment … To go back to my earlier point … Finally … Winding-up Before closing I’d like to summarize the main points again. That’s all I have to say for the moment … Thank you for listening. Now if there are any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them. 13. A PLAN FOR STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT1. Give information about the author and the book.
2. Give a summary of the extract (story) under consideration.
4. Give a general definition of the text.
5. Define the prevailing mood of the text.
6. Characterize the structure of the text.
6. Give a detailed analysis of every part of the text. Dwell upon the contents of the part and then comment of the stylistic devices used
7. Give the main idea of the story.
8. Express your attitude towards the things described.
14. THE FOOTBALL MATCHSomething very queer is happening in that narrow thoroughfare to the west of the town. A grey-green tide flows sluggishly down its length. It’s a tide of cloth caps. These caps have just left the ground of the Bruddesford United Association Football Club. To say that these men paid their shilling to watch twenty-two hirelings kick a ball is merely to say that a violin is wood and catgut, that “Hamlet” is so much paper and ink. For a shilling the Bruddesford United A.F.C. offered you Conflict and Art; it turned you into a critic, happy in your judgement of fine points, ready in a second to estimate the worth of a well-judged pass, a run down the touch line, a lightning shot, a clearance kick by back or goal-keeper; it turned you into a partisan, holding your breath when the ball came sailing into your goalmouth, ecstatic when your forwards raced away towards the opposite goal, elated, downcast, bitter, triumphant by turns at the fortunes of your side, watching a ball shape Illiads and Odysseys for you; and what is more, it turned you into a member of a new community, all brothers together for an hour and a half, for not only had you escaped from the clanking machinery of this lesser life, from work, wages, rent, doles, sick pay, insurance cards, nagging wives, ailing children, bad bosses, idle workmen, but you had escaped with most of your mates and your neighbours, with half the town, and there you were, cheering together, thumping one another on the shoulders, swopping judgements like lords of the earth, having pushed your way through a turnstile into another and altogether more splendid kind of life, hurting with Conflict and yet passionate and beautiful in its Art. Moreover, it offered you more than a shilling’s worth of material for talk during the rest of the week. (from “Good Companions” by J.B. Priestley. Abridged) БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
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