Курс лекций по стилистике современного английского языка и вопросы к лекциям в приложении приведены материалы для практических занятий
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4. STRUCTURE OF VERSE. STANZAStanza is the term which is very often used to refer to a certain number of poetic lines. Stanza is any group of lines that is separated in the poem from other groups of lines. They do not always rhyme. In print one can identify a separate stanza by a blank line before and after a group of lines. In most cases the stanzas in a poem share a common structure, that is, the same rhyme-scheme. Two or more verse lines make a stanza (also called a strophe). It is characterized by a number of lines, type of metre, rhyming pattern. The main stanzas in English poetry are: A. The Ballad Stanza The Ballad stanza is a four-line stanza, known as a quatrain, most often found in the folk ballad. Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme (an abcb pattern). Assonance in place of rhyme is common. It consists of 4 lines; the 1st & the 3d lines are iambic tetrametres, the 2d and the 4th lines are iambic demetres; the rhyming pattern is abcb (abab); B. The Spenserian Stanza The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. It consists of 9 lines; 8 lines are of iambic pentametre, 1 line is of iambic hexametre; the rhyming pattern is ababbcbcc; C. The Ottava Rima The Ottava rima is a rhyming stanza form of Italian origin. It was originally used for long poems on heroic themes. Its earliest known use is in the writings of Giovanni Boccaccio. It consists of 8 lines of iambic pentametre; the rhyming pattern is abababcc; D. The Sonnet The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in lyric poetry from Europe. The term “sonnet” means “little song”. It consists of 14 lines of iambic pentametre; the rhyming pattern is abba abba cde cde (Italian) abab cdcd efef gg (Shakespearean);
QUESTIONS TO LECTURE #61. What is rhyme? 2. What is full rhyme? 3. What is imperfect rhyme? 4. What rhymes do the following groups of words have: great – late; hear the mellow wedding bells; rider – beside her; how now brown cow; strong – string? 5. What is male rhyme? 6. What is female rhyme? 7. What is dactylic rhyme? 8. What types of rhyme do you see in the following groups of words: spent – went; painted – acquainted; battery – flattery; pleasure – treasure? 9. What is the difference between simple and dactylic rhyme? 10. What patterns of rhyme can you distinguish? 11. What is the pattern of the following rhyme: abba? 12. What pattern of rhyme can you distinguish in the following popular nursery rhyme? Humpty Dumpty Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall; Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses and all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty together again! 13. What are the four most popular English stanzas? 14. What is the name of stanza used in the following poem? The Eve of St. Agnes ST. AGNES’ Eve—Ah, bitter chill it was! The owl, for all his feathers, was a-cold; The hare limp’d trembling through the frozen grass, And silent was the flock in woolly fold: Numb were the Beadsman’s fingers, while he told His rosary, and while his frosted breath, Like pious incense from a censer old, Seem’d taking flight for heaven, without a death, Past the sweet Virgin’s picture, while his prayer he saith. (by John Keats (1795–1821)) 15. Read the monologue of Hamlet “To be or not to be” in Supplement 7. Learn it by heart. Lecture #7 |