ответы английский. Методические рекомендации для преподавателя к учебнику английский язык экономика и финансы environment часть 3
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Skills focus
_________________________________ Financial decisions in Britain are heavily influenced by what happens overseas. The exchange rate of the pound, foreign interest rates, and the view that outside investors take of Britain as a profitable place to park their money all profoundly influence - decisions about saving and investment by British people. It is important, however, to distinguish between the impact on ordinary people and the impact on professional investors who manage trillions (thousands of billions) of pounds in pension funds, life insurance, and bonds on behalf of individuals. If I find the interest rate on my house mortgage has gone up because German interest rates have risen, there is little I can do, at least in the short run. I may be able to counteract the effect on my mortgage by shifting savings into accounts which offer higher interest rates, and many British people have become skilled at hunting down the banks which offer the most favourable returns. In the long run, these innumerable individual decisions can and do move markets.
…(1)… Fund managers can move markets immediately. Their power has grown immensely. …(2)… Insurance companies, pension funds and other types of …(3)… collective investment own at least 60 per cent of the …(4)… stock market. British fund managers …(5)… invest heavily overseas. About a quarter of pension fund …(6)… assets are abroad, a much bigger proportion than for any other major …(7)… industrial country. Partly this is historical. In the nineteenth century, when Britain was an imperial power and the richest country in the world, the increasingly …(8)… wealthy middle class invested in …(9)… savings everywhere from Shanghai to San Francisco. It also reflects Britain’s continued importance as a …(10)… trading nation, exporting more …(11)… goods per head of population than most other countries. Above all, London has survived Britain’s relative economic decline (the British have got richer, but not as fast as other countries) and remained the world’s most important international …(12)… financial centre.
1.5.4 a. Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. …(1)… The Foreign Exchange market, where people buy and sell foreign currency, also referred to as the “Forex” or “FX” market, …(2)… is the largest financial market in the world, 30 times larger than the combined volume of all US equity markets. Currencies are traded in pairs, for example Euro/US Dollar (EUR/USD) or US Dollar/Japanese Yen (USD/JPY). …(3)… There are two reasons to buy and sell currencies. About 5% of daily turnover is from companies and governments that buy or sell products and services in a foreign country or must convert profits made in foreign currencies into their domestic currency….(4)… The other 95% is trading for profit, or speculation. For speculators, the best trading opportunities are with the most commonly traded (and therefore most liquid) currencies, called “the Majors”. …(5)… Today, more than 85% of all daily transactions involve trading of the Majors, which include the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar. Forex trading begins each day in Sydney, and moves around the globe as the business day begins in each financial center, first to Tokyo, London, and New York. …(6)… It’s a 24-hour market, and investors can respond to currency fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur – day or night. …(7)… The FX market is considered an Over The Counter (OTC) or “interbank” market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network. b. Look at the missing parts A-H and fit them in the gaps. There is one extra you don’t need.
c. Find words or word combinations in the text that mean the following.
1.5.5 Substitute the words and word combinations given in bold type by synonyms or synonymous expressions from the active. A The basic components (key variables) that describe dealings (interaction) in the world product and financial markets are exports, imports, the trade balance, and exchange rates. With a minimum of trade restrictions (barriers), international trade and investment usually makes everyone more prosperous (better off). Surveyors (adjusters) take into account the lost value (depreciated), for instance, if the value of the lorry has gone down because it is two years old. B Economic activity began with a caveman, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and made sure that he had the things that he needed (provided for his own needs). As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labour evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his excess of production or supply (surplus) to the fisherman, and thus each profited (benefited) from the variety of diet. In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world commerce (trade) and economic activity. As a result, international finance and banking have evolved. For example, the United States is a major purchaser (consumer) of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any of his own. Consequently, the United States must bring coffee into a country from (import) countries (such as Brazil, Colombia, and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing an assortment (a variety) of goods, such as chemicals and aeroplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations counter traded (traded item for item), such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and limited (restrictive). But instead of barter (countertrade), which is the trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United States receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can use to obtain in exchange for payment (buy) wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles from Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United States. 1.6 DIALOGUE 1 Read and translate the following dialogue: Import and Export Task 3. Say it in English (word combinations from Task 4 including): • организовывать перевозку грузов по железной дороге arrange for the goods to be shipped by rail • я не очень разбираюсь в этом вопросе I’m not quite at subject. • страховать транспортируемые товары to insure goods in transit • к тому же, в дополнение Moreover, • страховое свидетельство Certificate of Insurance Task 4 • безотзывный аккредитив irrevocable letter of credit • коносамент Bill of LadingTask 4 • компания, страхующая экспортное кредитование export credit insurance company • сертификат происхождения товараCertificate of Origin • транспортная морская накладная Sea Waybill • расставим точки над "i"Let’s dot the “i”s and cross the “t”s • экспедиционное агентство, организующее перевозки партий грузов или перерабатывающее экспортно-импортные грузы -freight forwarder • налог на добавленную стоимость в разных странах разный VAT rates vary from country to country. • железнодорожное или автодорожное агентство - railway or road haulage firm • торгово-промышленная палата - chamber of commerce иметь опыт - have the expertise • оплата с наличным расчетом при выдаче заказа - on a cash with order basis • экспедитор, агент по погрузке и отправке товаров freight forwarder • переводной вексель Bill of Exchange • соответствовать принятой в мире международной торговой терминологии - conform to the international standard Incoterms • взимать таможенную пошлину и/или налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС) - charge duty and/or VAT • доставлять товары за границу -deliver goods across frontier • условия поставки - terms of delivery • указывать цены в твердой валюте "третьей страны"- to quote in a third “hard” currency • таможенник - customs officer b. Match each group of Incoterms to the four paragraphs. Expand on them.
A The seller arranges and pays for the pre-carriage in the country of export. The goods are delivered to a carrier appointed by the buyer. The buyer arranges insurance against damage to the goods in transit. B In this group the seller arranges and pays for the main contract of carriage. In some of the terms the seller arranges insurance against damage to the goods in transit. C These terms maximize the seller’s cost and risk, as he has to make the goods available at the agreed destination. The seller bears the costs and risks of bringing the goods to the country of destination, and arranges and pays for insurance against damage to the goods in transit. D Under this shipping term the seller makes the goods available for collection by the buyer at the seller’s own premises. This term involves the least risk for, and requires the least effort by, the seller, but should not be used where the buyer cannot carry out export formalities.
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