ответы английский. Методические рекомендации для преподавателя к учебнику английский язык экономика и финансы environment часть 3
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Task 2 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the function of the Past Participle in the sentences. The Past Participle as an attribute. Protective tariffs make imported products more expensive and encourage people to buy goods produced in their own country –Протекционистские тарифы делают импортные товары более дешевыми и побуждают население покупать товары, произведенные в своей стране. Exporters and importers often prefer the security of payment by confirmed irrevocable letter of credit when dealing with unknown firms in distant countries.- Экспортеры и импортеры часто предпочитают безопасность оплаты подтвержденным безотзывным аккредитивом, когда ведут дела в незнакомыми фирмами в далеких странах. The main reasons given were the large amount of work commissioned by the Government. – Основными приведенными причинами были большие объемы работ по заказу Правительства. The Past Participle as part of a predicate (to form the perfect tenses and the passive voice). John Martin has received an enquiry from the Abracan government. – Джон Мартин получил запрос от Правительства Абраки. He has been asked to give a quotation to supply office furniture. –Его попросили предоставить расценки на поставку офисной мебели. As he was convinced that it would be the largest single order in the history of the firm, John Martin informed the boss about it. – Поскольку он был убежден, что это будет крупнейший разовый заказ в истории фирмы, Джон Мартин проинформировал об этом шефа. Task 3 Familiarize yourself with the text and fill in the following chart with the italicized words from the text. Consult the Grammar notes below. Translate the text into Russian. Supply it with the suitable title. The death of Ambrose Harper, one of the two men who founded the company Harper & Grant Ltd., causes a crisis in the firm. Harper & Grant is a private company. It was started originally by Hector Grant's father and the late Ambrose Harper together. A private company can be formed by two or more people. They sign a Memorandum of Association, stating the number of shares they agree to take, and their signature is followed by the signatures of anyone else, often members of the family, who will also take shares in the company. In a private company there cannot be more than fifty members, or shareholders. The authorised capital of Harper & Grant Ltd was originally 5,000, but the company has grown, and each 1 share is now worth about 100. Each share carries a vote at a shareholders' meeting. Wentworths, a large and successful firm who manufacture mattresses for beds, own 10% of Harper & Grant shares. Mr. Wentworth senior was a personal friend of Ambrose Harper. His firm now has an opportunity of buying some of the shares formerly belonging to Harper. Hector Grant wants to stop Wentworth getting as many shares as he owns himself for fear of upsetting the voting power at shareholders' meetings. If Wentworth owned fifty-one per cent of the shares they would have a controlling interest, and would be in a very good position to take over Harper & Grant completely. This being done, it will become a fully owned subsidiary. Hector Grant does not want Alfred Wentworth to own too many of the shares. Having raised a loan,he buys enough of the shares to outvote A. Wentworth. It is a personal loan. It is also a short-term loan. Obtaining a loan he does not only have to pay back the money he borrowed, he also has to pay interest on it: in this case nine per cent, this is the rate of interest. The bank manager asked for security. He wanted to hold the deeds of Grant's house. But a building society lent him money long ago to buy the property, and every year he repays a proportion of the loan to them, plus interest. By now, a lot of this loan has been paid back to the building society. Probably for this reason the bank agreed to a second mortgage. If Grant could not pay back the loan within the time limit his house would have to be sold and the first mortgage paid up. Then the remainder would go to the holder of the second mortgage, in this case, the bank. Very few banks will give an unsecured loan, one without any security or guarantee they will get their money back. Hector Grant has been to hear the reading of Ambrose Harper's will. Having been informed about the distribution of Ambrose Harper’s shares, he summons his nephew Peter, the Production Manager, to talk things over.
PRACTICE Ask yourselves these questions when considering the -ing form. 1. When do we use the -ing form? Exercise 1 Choose the correct form of the participles used as adjectives in the following sentences. Garcia is a middleman (represented / representing) a newly independent country. Explain the possible problems (associating / associated) with countertrade. It’s natural that Coburn will be reluctant to ship $400,000 worth of gears without first having some assurance they will actually get (paying / paid). You will agree this is a most (encouraging / encouraged) proposal. An export transaction usually requires a lot of (complicating complicated) documentation. The price (quoting / quoted) always indicates the terms of delivery. Numerous (specializing / specialized) committees and (working / worked) groups deal with the individual agreements and other areas. If you are spelling a word to an English-(speaking / spoken) person on the phone, use the official Post Office alphabetical code. 70 members concluded a deal (covering / covered) more than 95% of trade in banking, insurance, securities and financial information. When an investment is made, capital enters a country, enabling it to import (manufacturing / manufactured) materials to build a new (manufacturing / manufactured) plant and to pay workers to build it. (Imported / Importing) Japanese cars accounted for almost one-forth of all cars (selling / sold) in the United States in the early 80s. Mr. Thompson’s (approving / approved) smile let the agent know that he was one hundred per cent right when he presented the middleman with a (hand-making / hand-made) briefcase. The sales representative offered the (approving / approved) specs to the partner. A sentence in which some information is unnecessarily (repeating / repeated) is (calling / called) redundant. (Giving / given) here are some quotations that are always (sending / sent) first and thus should be (keeping / kept) ready. I am deeply honoured by the invitation (extending / extended) to me. (Contributing / contributed) to the view of (declining / declined) competitiveness is the United States deficit in merchandise trade, especially the imbalance in trade with Japan. Between sixty and fifty per cent of the gains in productivity (making / made) in the West in the last half-century spring from better (training / trained) minds, from more research, and more systematic use of the economy’s brain power. The secretary opened the door to find colonel Usman (standing / stood) to attention, (waiting / waited) to escort Eduardo to the bank. That position (establishing / established), he went on to check the bank’s reserves, long-term deposits, overseas commitments, and (estimating / estimated) oil revenues for the next five years. 2. What form of the participle should be used? Exercise 2. Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present or a perfect participle. Translate the new sentences into Russian. Model: She hoped to find a will. She searched it everywhere. Hoping to find the will, she searched it everywhere I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. Knowing that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare. She became tired of my complaints about the plan. She turned it off. Becoming tired of my complaints about the plan, she turned it off. She asked me to help. She realised that she couldn’t move it alone. Realising that she couldn’t move it alone, she asked me to help. He thought he must have made a mistake somewhere. He went through his calculations again. Thinking he must have made a mistake somewhere, he went through his calculations again. She saw that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque. Seeing that she could trust him absolutely, she gave him a blank cheque The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses. They put a tax on windows. Once, trying to tax people according to the size of their houses, the government put a tax on windows. They announced the new plan (yesterday). They admitted that it was the worst economic settlement they’d ever had. Admitting that it was the worst economic settlement they’d ever had, they announced the new plan. I spelled a word to an English-speaking person on the phone. I used the official Post Office alphabetical code. Spelling a word to an English-speaking person on the phone, I used the official Post Office alphabetical code Model: The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building. Having removed all traces of his crime the criminal left the building. 1. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask for a job. Having spent all his money, he decided to go home and ask for a job 2. They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it. Having found the money, they began quarrelling about how to divide it. He returned from a business trip. He felt exhausted by his work. Having returned from a business trip he felt exhausted by his work. Hector Grant was persuaded by the Sales Manager. Hector Grant opened up a new export Market in Abraca. Having been persuaded by the Sales Manager, Hector Grant opened up a new export Market in Abraca. I failed the exam twice. I agreed that I was not at subject. Having failed the exam twice, I agreed that I was not at subject The manager increasedsales by almost twenty per cent. The manager decided to plough the profit into his business. Having increased sales by almost twenty per cent, the manager decided to plough the profit into his business. He was warned about the audit. He prepared the monthly statements of account. Having been warned about the audit, he prepared the monthly statements of account. General Mohammed studied the proposal. He invited Eduardo de Silveira to visit Nigeria as his guest. Having studied the proposal, General Mohammed invited Eduardo de Silveira to visit Nigeria as his guest. 3. What forms of participles do we use in the negative meaning? Exercise 3 Choose “not” or “without” in the given sentences. Define the function of the participles in the sentences. Model: Without / not having a signature on the payment order we couldn’t execute payment. Not / without knowing all the details, he couldn’t consult her. Not / without making an exceptionally high profit you won’t be criticised. Not/ without being guilty he didn’t feel his fault. Not / without having been instructed by the manager of the firm, they insisted on the reduction of the financial backing of the company. John sat not / without speaking to anybody and looked very worried. You won’t manage to strike a balance not / without participating in the bank’s money policy committee. Depository institutions can’t work not / without offering their customers the opportunity to pay recurring bills by telephone. The annual simple interest states how much money the bank will pay on a deposit at the end of one year not / without compounding. Not / without having their own lorries they couldn’t keep the budget. Not / without having placed the order with the firm, they won’t receive a quotation to supply office furniture. Not / without having a capacity to produce the order, they refused to take it in addition to the budgeted turnover. It’s natural that Coburn will be reluctant to ship $400,000 worth of gears not / without first having some assurance they will get paid. 4. When do we use the perfect participle passive? Exercise 4 A Change the Infinitive in brackets for Participle I or Participle II (passive). Translate the sentences into Russian. Model: That was the best advice (to give)by him. That was the best advice givenby him. He was very kind (to give) advice to me. He was very kind givingadvice to me. Accounts not paid in time are called overdue accounts. I helped him in handling problems created by other departments. Late at night he received an e-mail asking him to come home at once. I saw at once he had a heart attack coming on. I could hear voices of the kids waiting for the bell to ring. They required an irrevocable letter of credit confirmed on a London bank. Peter Wiles wants the Sales Manager John Martin on the Board feeling that the Board is already rather over-weighted with members like Hector Grant and William Buckhurst. Being a master craftsman of the old school, Bob Hardiman could produce a magnificent piece of furniture. The Rules of Association drawn up by Harper & H.G.`s father state that the qualification holding is only two shares. The remaining two hundred and fifty shares were bought, as Hector Grant feared they would be, by Alfred Wentworth. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||