Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов 1 курса
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Упражнение 1. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму в страдательном залоге. When/ Australia/ discover? Don’t go in there now a new programme/record. When you go through customs, your luggage may/check/by a customs officer This book/write/before the author became famous. This article/ be/ often /refer to. There’s somebody behind us. I think/we/follow. In the United States, elections for President/hold/every four years. We were driving along quite fast but we/overtake/by lost of other cars. This house is quite old. It /build/in 1930. There’s no need to leave a tip. Service /include/in the bill. Упражнение 2.Выберите сказуемое в предложении, определите его время и залог. The researchers are conducting the tests of new devices in the laboratory now. The tests of new devices are being conducted by the researches now. The students have made experiments successfully. We have been learning English for 2 years already. The tools are made of steel. Упражнение 3.Найдите и назовите в первом ряду глаголы, относящиеся к группе Continuous, во втором – к группе Perfect, в третьем – к группе Perfect Continuous, и в четвертом ряду – к группе Simple. I was resulted in will result in are being resulted in has been resulted in resulted in am resulting in had resulted in were resulting in II shall do had done shall have been done was being done will have done do has been doing is doing III have been carried out, will have carried out, are carrying out, carries out, has carried out, will have been carrying out, were carrying out, had been carrying out IV was making have made makes was being made is made had been made has been making shall be made Упражнение 4.Подобрать предложения из раздела A, корреспондируемые с предложениями из раздела B. В пояснениях по каждой паре указать использованное время и залог. А. 1. The international exchange programmes will be developed still further in future. 2. These calculations are very complex. 3. Programming languages offer various ways for a programmer to state precisely the order of instructions. 4. This quantity is derived from the above equation. 5. I hope we shall soon solve this task 6. He looked through the morning newspapers at breakfast. 7. The lectures on mathematics were attended by all the students. 8. If I fm not mistaken, this book is often reffered to. 9. The development of digital technology for communication purposes is being studied with great interest. 10. Scientists have developed new generations of computers. B. a. Sunlight is converted into electrical power by special solar panels. b. Are you being waited for at present? c. They bought the new computer last week. d. The structure of this device is very complex. e. He was listened to with great attention. f. The young workers are trained to use the new equipment. g We shall soon begin the new experiments. h. Electronics has made a rapid progress. i. All the work will be done by automatic machinery. k. The laboratory assistant always fixes the devices himself. Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемые с модальным глаголом или с эквивалентом модального глагола. The smaller the computers, the faster it can work. He had to work much before he was able to complete research. No traffic was allowed along the street because of the accident. The new words should be repeated as often as possible. In the foreseeable future we may have long-term orbital stations and laboratories with researchers. Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант и переведите предложения на русский язык. Cross the street carefully______ want to be run over. A unless you don’t B if you don’t C if you didn’t I could ______ the exam if I had worked harder during the year. A have been passed B pass C have passed Can you explain why you ______ this mistake again? A do B have C have made Give him a good mark to ______ his self-respect. A raise B rise C get down ______ There any news in your parents letter? A are B were C is Вариант №2 Переведите письменно текст на русский язык. London’s Underground. Bands were playing and the gentlemen in hats were preparing to make speeches about their great achievement. They made the first underground railway in the world – a distance of almost four miles. It was the year 1863 and on that first historic day 30.000 Londoners used this new and strange way of travel. Now more than a hundred years later the London Underground carries more than a million passengers every day. The total number of passengers carried by the London Underground each year is enormous, and it is constantly growing. In the early days the train were driven by steam locomotives which burnt coal. It is said that the train staff and porters asked permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask. Now the atmosphere “underground” is considered even better than that outside as germs cannot grow in the dry air – and the trains, of course, are electric. The deep tunneling came leter, in 1890. Tunneling a tube through miles of clay and sometimes sand and gravel is not an easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method which was to make most of London’s tube tunnels possible. London transport’s experience with tunnels brought them another record. One of the longest continuous railway tunnels in the world is the 17 ½ miles tunnel on the Northern line. There are numerous escalators which help to keep the traffic moving. The first was installed in 1911. One of them at Leicester Square is over 80 feet in length. On long escalators the speed is changeable. The “up” escalator runs at full speed when carrying passengers, but when empty it runs at half speed. Many of the new escalators have automatic control making more frequent service throughout the day possible. Safety was always one of the main concerns of London transport. In spite of the fact that trains often follow each other within seconds, it is said that the London Underground is the safest form of transport in the world. Упражнение 1. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму в страдательном залоге. 1. What / silver / use for? 2. By four o’clock Nick / to be tired / of fishing. 3. The passes through the mountains / often block / with snow during the winter. 4. It was impossible to tell what was in the can, for the label / tear off. 5. My brother / send/ on a business trip. Now he is preparing for the departure. 6 . A tree was lying across the road. It / blow down/ in the storm. 7. – Are you going to the party? - No, I / not invite. 8. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people / employ/ there. 9. The letter / post/ a week ago and it arrived yesterday. 10. While I was on holiday, my camera / steal/ from my hotel room. Упражнение 2. Выберите глагол в предложении, определите его время и залог. 26 We shall refer to these data in the next article. These data will be referred to in the next article. They had finished the experiment by 5 o'clock. The experiment had been finished by 5 o'clock. The new production line is being built at our plant. Упражнение 3. Найдите и назовите в первом ряду глаголы, относящиеся к группе Continuous, во втором - к группе Perfect, третьем - к группе Perfect Continuous и в четвертом ряду - к группе Simple. I 1. was analysed 2. will analyse 3. are being analysed 4. has been analysed 5. analysed 6. am analysing 7. had analysed 8. were analysing II 1. shall heat 2. had heated 3. shall have been heated 4. was being heated 5. will have heated 6. heat 7. has been heating 8. is heating 111 1. have been transformed 2. are transforming 3. transforms 4. will have transformed 5. has transformed 6. will have been transforming 7. were transforming 8. had been transforming IV 1. was testing 2. have tested 3. tests 4. was being testing 5. had been tested 6. is tested 7. has been testing 8. shall be tested Упражнение 4. Подобрать предложения из раздела A, корреспондируемые с предложениями из раздела B. Некоторые предложения в отрицательных и вопросительных формах. В пояснениях по каждой паре указать использованное время и залог. A. 1. The researchers had discovered several new types of materials. 2. What department do you study at the University? 3. My office is being decorated at the moment. 4. I have already written the programme. 5. They won't test this device. 6. Experiments have been made by the students successfully. 7. The alloys were experimented upon in the laboratory. 8. The part is measured with great accuracy. 9. The construction of this television centre will have been completed by the end of the next year. 10. Einstein presented his theory of relativity in 1905. B. a. What is being done about inflation? b. They had finished testing before the boss came in. c. How are these machines made? d. A cure for cancer hasn't been found yet. e. The plan was changed by the engineer. f. Einstein got his first job when he was 21. g. 0ur workshop will have been equipped with new machine tools by the time when the reconstruction of the plant is over. h. He will make a report next week. i. Have you ever been to London? j. The Earth turns round the Sun. Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемое с модальным глаголом или с эквивалентом модального глагола. 1. They must have referred to the figures above. 2. These machines should be handled with great care. 3. Old machinery is to be replaced next month. 4. The students were unable to do the work without their teacher's help. He had to help them. 5. We could have driven to the city in two hours if we hadn't stopped for lunch. Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант и переведите предложения на русский язык. Should he come here, I ______ to him. A will speak B spoke C would have spoken 2. If you ______ the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t have fallen ill. A had taken B took C will take I ______ do the work today, I have plenty of time. A have not B need not C cannot What ______ he do for a living? A does B is C are They ______ started selling the product in Hungary next year. A going to B are going C are going to Вариант№3 Переведите письменно текст на русский язык. WHAT COUNTS IS THE GENUINE Today when we consider design we no longer think just about attractive things but about their attractive use, their meaning. And meaning is alive: it moves and changes with the times. In the eighties design developed into the mere aesthetics of appearance. Objects were like computer graphics. They consisted solely of infinitesimally thin surfaces. These objects boasted with their owners. Now a new quality of substance has come on the scene: virtuality. Things used to be simpler. Substance was material. To take an example, a brief history of the modern era can be gleaned from looking at the design of knobs on equipment. In the sixties pressing a knob on a radio set meant exerting physical force against mechanical resistance. For the first time something like a feeling of tenderness for machines appeared in the form of smooth, scalable knobs. In the eighties control knobs became sentimental replicas of real knobs. They were flat, tiny and soft. Now, in the nineties, we mainly operate virtual knobs, like the buttons beneath the glass skin of computer screens. We are closer to things, especially machines, than ever before and at the same time more distant than ever. Remoteness is the sentiment of the times. We experience nearness as reality, of course; but it is cast in a peculiar paleness. It is not the senses that liberate us but dreams. We have a new aesthetics of appearance (virtuality). This new aesthetics transforms the worthlessness of superficiality into a central value. On the computer screen superficiality is all there is. It is the essence. Today status is no longer conferred by the mere possession of things but by the way things are used. In an information society status and self-assurance are not derived from clothing or the power of computers but from the efficiency with which one can navigate and make oneself be understood in a sea of information: communication, in a nutshell. In the nineties work as such has also become a status symbol. Aesthetics now follows the development of shapes that allow people to live leisurely in a fast-moving world. Our Western culture suffers from a lack of mystery. The creation of virtual reality has brought some of that mystery back. The unknown has returned. And it is not imaginary. This unknown consists of the absolute opposite of mystery, namely information. Упражнение 1. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму в страдательном залоге. 1. When / television / invent? 2. Many different languages / speak / in India. 3. I / introduce / to the new director yesterday. 4. The theory / receive / in the past. 5. Hundreds of new houses / build / by the end of this year. 6. My car has disappeared (it / steal!). 7. Tom gets a higher salary now. He / promote/. 8. The police have found the people they were looking for. Two people / arrest / last night. 9. Originally the book/write/in Spanish and a few years ago it / translate / into English. Упражнение 2. Выберите сказуемое в предложении, определите его время и залог. 1. Two ventilators were purifying the air in the laboratory when we entered there. 2. The air in the laboratory was being purified by two ventilators when we entered there. 3. The researchers will be conducting the tests of new devices in the laboratory at 12 on Monday. 4. We expect that the rate of inflation will rise. 5. The rate of inflation is expected to rise. Упражнение 3. Найдите и назовите в первом ряду глаголы, относящиеся к группе Continuous, во втором - к группе Perfect, в третьем - к группе Perfect Continuous и четвертом ряду - к группе Simple. I. 1. was planned 2. will plan 3. are being planned 4. has been planned 5. planned 6. am planning 7. had planned 8. were planning II. 1. shall improve 2. had improved 3. shall have improved 4. was being improved 5. will have improved 6. improve 7. has been improving 8. is improving III. 1. have been sent 2. are sending 3. sends 4. will have sent 5. has sent 6. will have been sending 7. were sending 8. had been sending IV. 1. was consuming 2. have consumed 3. consumes 4. was being consumed 5. is consumed 6. had been consumed 7. has been consuming 8. shall be consumed Упражнение 4. |