Методические указания и
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Mount McKinley, is located in Alaska. The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals. The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others. Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250 mln. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag «Stars and Stripes», having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizing the number of the original and present day states. Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Для выполнения контрольного задания 4 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса: 1. Сложные предложения. 2. Сложносочиненные, сложноподчиненные предложения (типы придаточных предложений). 3. Условные предложения. ВАРИАНТ 1. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. The country having a budget deficit, inflation may follow. 2. John having left the room to ring for a taxi, Mary sat down again to wait for him. 3. But I was a little nervous, there being something to report. 4. The officer sat with his long fine hands lying on the table perfectly still. 5. He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed. II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. I hope you don’t mind her being given two weeks’ notice. 2. He is aware of the fact of Mary getting married. 3. He couldn’t put up with the idea of our having to work there another six months. 4. We were happy of our working several years under the guidance of this well-known scientist. 5. The real reason for Mrs.Chievly returning to London was her personal interest in business. III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. All I want is for Jack to get out of here. 2. There was no need for him to be economical. 3. He was listening attentively to the chairman speak. 4. This firm is said to receive high profits. 5. I believed her to be knitting in the next room. IV. Перепишите следующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the country. If you lied to me now, I would never believe you in future. You wouldn’t have made this mistake, if you had taken notice of my words then. If he were younger, he would go camping too. If labour resources are used properly, labour efficiency will grow. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE USA The development of transport facilities was very important in the growth of the United States. The first travel routes were natural waterways. No surfaced roads existed until the 1790s, when the first turnpikes were built. Besides the overland roads, many canals were constructed between the late 18th century and 1850 to link navigable rivers and lakes in the eastern United States and in the Great Lakes region. Steam railways began to appear in the East in the 1820s. The first transcontinental railway was constructed between 1862 and 1869 by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies, both of which received large subsidies from the federal government. Transcontinental railways were the chief means of transport used by European settlers who populated the West in the latter part of the 19th century. The railways continued to expand until 1917, when their length reached a peak of about 407,000 km. Since then motor transport became a serious competitor to the railway both for passengers and freight. Air transport began to compete with other modes of transport after World War I. Passenger service began to gain importance in 1920s, but not until the beginning of commercial jet craft after World War II did air transport become a leading mode of travel. During the early 1990s railways annually handled about 37.5 per cent of the total freight traffic; trucks carried 26 per cent of the freight, and oil pipelines conveyed 20 per cent. Approximately 16 per cent was shipped on inland waterways. Although the freight handled by airlines amounted to only 0.4 per cent of the total, much of the cargo consisted of high-priority or high-value items. Private cars carry about 81 per cent of passengers. Airlines are the second leading mover of people, carrying more than 17 per cent of passengers. Buses are responsible for 1.1 per cent, and railways carry 0.6 per cent of passengers. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Для выполнения контрольного задания 4 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса: 1. Сложные предложения. 2. Сложносочиненные, сложноподчиненные предложения (типы придаточных предложений). 3. Условные предложения. ВАРИАНТ 2. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. A bank is a business, its owners and managers aiming to maximize profits. 2. The novel having been read, Jane put it aside. 3. The ship’s band did not play in the morning, it being Sunday. 4. I won’t speak with him staring at me like that. 5. The duster refolded and restored, he threw his legs across the saddle. II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. Nobody objected to his being given the position of assistant. Who is interested in his changing his convictions? She was interested in Sir Robert refusing to make his report in Parliament. I couldn’t rely on his setting the matter in the right way? I don’t mind his helping you. III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. It was difficult for him to do anything else. 2. The wall was too high for anything to be visible. 3. I know him to be an honest man. 4. The new business was believed to improve the situation in the market. 5. She hated her son to be separated from her. IV. Перепишите следующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. If we had booked tickets beforehand, we would not stand in a queue now to get them. He would certainly have translated this article, yesterday. If John were not so selfish, he wouldn’t have gone to the seaside alone last year. If studied thoroughly, market forces can help to increase profits. But for my smile, he would have believed me. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. HISTORY OF ROBOTICS The concept of robots dates back to ancient times, when some myths told of mechanical beings brought to life. Such automata also appeared in the clockwork figures of medieval churches, and in the 18th century some clockmakers gained fame for the clever mechanical figures that they constructed. Today the term automaton is usually applied to these handcrafted, mechanical (rather than electromechanical) devices that imitate the motions of living creatures. Some of the «robots» used in advertising and entertainment are actually automata, even with the addition of remote radio control. The term robot itself is derived from the Czech word robota, meaning «compulsory labour». It was first used by the Czech novelist and playwright Karel Chapek, to describe a mechanical device that looks like a human but, lacking human sensibility, can perform only automatic, mechanical operations. Robots as they are known today do not only imitate human or other living forms. True robots did not become possible, however, until the invention of the computer in the 1940s and the miniaturization of computer parts. One of the first true robots was an experimental model designed by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute in the late 1960s. It was capable of arranging blocks into stacks through the use of a television camera as a visual sensor, processing this information in a small computer. Computers today are equipped with microprocessors that can handle the data being fed to them by various sensors of the surrounding environment. Making use of the principle of feedback, robots can change their operations to some degree in response to changes in that environment. The commercial use of robots is spreading, with the increasing automation of factories, and they have become essential to many laboratory procedures. Japan is the most advanced nation exploring robot technology. Nowadays robots continue to expand their applications. The home-made robots (горничная) available today may be one sign of the future. |