Методические указания и
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Образец выполнения 1: These machines are to replace the old Эти механизмы должны заменить старое equipment of our shop. оборудование нашего цеха. Are to - синоним модального глагола can в Present Indefinite Active, мн. число. We were able to persuade them to go with us. I am afraid I won’t be allowed to come to the party next week. My friends are to meet tomorrow in the café. He is so rich that he doesn’t have to work. III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык. Образец выполнения 2: The following examples were made use of. Были использованы следующие примеры. Were made - Past Indefinite Passive от нестандартного глагола to make. In India right hand is used for eating. She thought the arrow could be poisoned. The dinner will be served by five o’clock tomorrow. She was heard practising the piano yesterday. Most children are strongly influenced by their parents. IV. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be, to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (какого); г) глаголом-связкой. Our teacher told us we had two hours to explore the toy store. There were ice and roller skates, skateboards and bicycles of any shape and colour. It was difficult but we were able to persuade them. Gary Kasparov has got an excellent memory and ability to calculate and think ahead. V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний. It was his room where he lost his key. It is my best friend who always helps me in any situation. I like neither football nor hokey. This old woman never learnt either history or geography. Both the children and the parents enjoyed the performance. VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK Education after 16 is voluntary in United Kingdom. Students, who live in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland must take at the age of 16 the examinations for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). In Scotland students receive the Scottish Certificate of Education. After this exam students can choose to stay on in school or attend colleges of further education. British universities are self-governing and are guaranteed academic independence. Funding for education and research is provided by funding councils set up by Parliament. The number of universities jumped in 1992 when polytechnics and some other higher education establishments were given the right to become universities. By the end of 1994, there were some 90 universities, almost half of them former polytechnics, including the Open University. Many of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge universities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Open University, based in Milton Keynes, England, was founded in 1969. It uses extension techniques of correspondence courses, television and radio programmes, and video cassettes, supported by local study centres and summer schools, to provide higher education opportunities to a wide variety of people. During the 1960s there was a significant increase in the number of new universities, reflecting a fast growth in student numbers. During the 1980s, an expansion in higher education places led to another large jump in student numbers. In the 1992-1993 academic year there were more than 1.4 million students in full or part-time higher education in Great Britain, compared with just under 850,000 a decade earlier. About one quarter of young people are in higher education in England, Wales, and Scotland; one third in Northern Ireland. About 90 per cent of students get state grants to cover tuition fees and living costs. The size of the grant is determined by parent’s income. Since the late 1980s, however, grants have been frozen; students can apply for a student loan. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Для выполнения контрольного задания 2 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса: 1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. 2. Система времен в пассивном залоге. 3. Особенности употребления пассивного залога в английском языке по сравнению с русским. 4. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have. ВАРИАНТ 4. I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык. 1. She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said. 2. You should see a doctor. 3. They must be tired as they have been working all day. 4. I was told that I might place an advertisement in the newspaper. 5. We really ought to buy a new car. II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Образец выполнения 1: These machines are to replace the old Эти механизмы должны заменить старое equipment of our shop. оборудование нашего цеха. Are to - синоним модального глагола can в Present Indefinite Active, мн. число. 1. Alf played very well but at the end Jack was able to beat him. 2. Did you have to get up early to meet the delegation at the airport? 3. As I was to be there at 5 sharp, I took a taxi. 4. He was not allowed to leave before his parents came back. 5. Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык. Образец выполнения 2: The following examples were made use of. Были использованы следующие примеры. Were made - Past Indefinite Passive от нестандартного глагола to make. 1. Needless to say, hands must be washed before and after eating. 2. He knew the boys would be rescued. 3. About 50 people were invited to the party yesterday. 4. Oxford was beaten by Manchester United in the Cup Final yesterday. 5. Such a dress can’t be sat down in. IV. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы to be, to have. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми; б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола ( какого); г) глаголом-связкой. 1. Near the dolls were stuffed animals of all sizes and shapes. 2. Animals were running about in all the paths. 3. Joe felt great, knowing that he had succeeded in his plan. 4. People usually have dinner between 6.00 and 8.00 in the evening. V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний. 1. It was my friend whom I was to meet yesterday. 2. It was the government’s policy which allowed to reduce high rates of inflation. 3. I like neither green nor red coats. 4. Both my friend and I like the opera VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. AMERICAN CHARACTER American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterised by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as "Major" or "General" or "Doctor" in the case of a holder of a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The respectful "Sir" is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country. However, it is best to use a person's title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called. They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word "Hi" (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual "Hello," and "Howdy" instead of "How do you do?" Those who don't easily show these signs of friendship are called "snooty" or "snobbish." In contrast, people who show such simple signs of friendship, particularly to their own economic and social inferiors, are praised as "regular guys," or as "truly democratic." As a description of character, democratic is generally used to signify that a person of high social or economic status acts in such a way that his or her inferiors are not reminded of their inferiority. Certain forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Women may wear hats in church, in restaurants, and often when attending luncheons in public places and other public social functions except those that take place in the evening. Men who do wear hats ordinarily remove them in elevators, churches, restaurants, private homes, business offices — in fact, in most public situations when they wish |