110302_мет._проф_2018.docx1. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере для студентов направления подготовки
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Task 7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English: Задание 7. Переведите с русского языка на английский: 1. Что такое компьютерный вирус? 2. Вирус-это часть программного обеспечения, написанного для того, чтобы неблагоприятно влиять на ваш компьютер, изменяя его работу без вашего ведома и согласия. 3. Вирус имеет две отличительные функции: нанесение запланированного ущерба и самораспространение. 4. Существуют безвредные вирусы и вирусы, наносящие большой ущерб компьютеру. 5. Вирусы могут повредить данные, изменить программы, удалить файлы, стереть информацию на жестком диске. 6. Вирусы не инфицируют файлы на пишущихся защищенных дисках. 7. В настоящее время вирусов около 55000. 8. Появляются новые, неизвестные типы вирусов, которые становятся все сложнее классифицировать. 9. Есть 3 группы вирусов: всепишущие; вирусы-паразиты; вирусы-компаньоны. 10. Установка антивирусных программ позволяет находить и удалять вирусы. Task 8. Make the sentences negative and interrogative: Задание 8. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму: 1. A virus is a piece of software. 2. This is a significant number of viruses. 3. A malicious virus might alter one or more of your program. 4. Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer programs. 5. Computer viruses infect files on write-protected disks. 6. Number of viruses is about 55.000. 7. These are three groups of file infectors. 8. Viruses can copy itself into begin, middle or end of a file. 9. This is a subgroup of companion viruses path-companion viruses. 10. Virus copies itself in a file. Методическая литература 1. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык»: аннотирование и реферирование, для студентов вторых курсов технических специальностей. Ставрополь2015 г. 2.Учебное пособие. Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации для студентов института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций. Ставрополь 2018 г. 3.Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: методические рекомендации по организации самостоятельной работы студентов направления 11.03.02.Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи. Профиль подготовки - Сети связи и системы коммутации (английский) / сост. ; ФГАОУ ВО Сев.-Кав. федер. ун-т. - Ставрополь: СКФУ, 2017. - с., экземпляров неограниченно. http://catalog.ncfu.ru/catalog/ncfu Ресурсы информационно-телекоммуникационной сети «Интернет» http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/ глоссарий.содержащий более 950 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International). Ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D.H.Day Jr., P.C.Jourdan, J.D.Wingate. http:// biblioclub.ru – Университетская библиотека онлайн/ http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/ LinguisticDataConsortium: лингвистический сайт университета Пенсильвании; http://orlapubs.org/ORLAPTJBS-L/L81.html электронные учебные материалы по отдельным вопросам лингвистики и грамматики. http://www.cal.org/ericcll/faqs/RGOs/linguistics.html сайт Центра прикладной лингвистики (the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Lingu-stics, the Center for Applied Linguistics). Предоставляет материалы для изучающих иностранные языки и теорию языка. http://www.rsl.ru – Российская государственная библиотека. LESSON 12 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY Task 1. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions. Задание 1. Соотнесите данные термины с соответствующими определениями. Protocols Functions HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - responsible for address packets FTR (File Transfer Protocol) - breaks a message or file into packets POP (Post Office Protocol) - allows users who are logged on to one host to access another host TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides secure data transfer over the Internet IP (Internet Protocol) transfer mail from an e-mail server to a client Inbox SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - exchanges information over the Web IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) - transfers e-mail messages from client computers to an e-mail server TELNET (Telecommunication Network) - transfers files between local and remote host computers SSL ( Secure Sockets Layer) - an alternative to POP Task 2. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the words in bold. Check your variants in the dictionary. Задание 2.Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять значения выделенных слов. INTERNET TECHNOLOGY In 1969 was developed a project called APRANET designed to help scientists communicate and share valuable computer resources. Educators and scientists used primitive command-line user interfaces to send e-mail, transfer files and run scientific calculations on Internet supercomputers. At that time finding the information was not easy. Only in the early 1990s software developers сreated new user-friendly Internet access tools and Internet became available to anyone. Although exact figure cannot be determined, it is estimated that with approximately 200 nodes and 500 million users, Internet traffic exceeds 100 terabytes each week. The Internet is not “owned” or operated by any single corporation or government. It’s a data communication network that grew over time in a somewhat haphazard configuration as networks connected to other networks. The Internet backbone consists of high-speed fiber-optic links connecting high-capacity routers that direct network traffic. Backbones links and routers are maintained by network service providers (NSPs). NSP equipment and links are tired together by network access points (NAPs). Large ISPs connect directly to backbone routers. Smaller ISPs typically connect to a larger ISP to gain Internet access and supply it to their customers. You can track the route of data you send using Internet utilities, such as Ping and Trace route. An Internet utility called Ping (Packet Internet Groper) sends a signal to a specific Internet address and waits for a reply. If a reply arrives, Ping reports that the computer is online and displays the elapsed time for the round-trip message. Ping is useful for finding out if the site is up and running. Ping is also useful for determining whether a connection offers adequate speed for videoconferencing or online computer games. Ping also shows whether packets were lost in transmission. Packets can become lost when signal interference or network congestion overwhelms Internet servers and routers. Too many lost packets during an online gaming session can cause the game to stutter or stall. And if packets don’t arrive in the correct order, your game character might seem to act randomly for a few seconds. A utility called Trace router records a packet’s path-including intermediate routers-from your computer to its destination. An ISP operates network devices that handle the physical aspects of transmitting and receiving data from your computer. Many ISPs operate e-mail servers to handle incoming and outgoing mail for their subscribers and some also have Web servers for subscriber Web sites. ISPs can also maintain servers for chat groups, instant messaging, music file sharing, FTR (File Transfer Protocol) and other file transfer services. Computer connects to the Internet in one of two ways: it can link directly to ISP using a device such as a voiceband modem, cable modem, satellite dish, or DSL modem. Or, if your computer is part of a LAN, an Internet connection can be provided by a LAN link. A local area network is called an intranet. Intranets are popular with businesses that want to store information as Web pages but not provide them for public access. An intranet that provides external access is called extranet. A computer can have a permanently assigned static IP address or a temporally assigned dynamic IP address. As a general rule, computers on the Internet that act as servers use static IP address. Typically, ISPs, web sites, web hosting services, and e-mail servers are constantly connected to the Internet and require static addresses. Although IP addresses work for communication between computers, people find it difficult to remember long string of numbers. Therefore, many Internet servers also have an easy-to-remember name, i. e. nike.com . The official term for this name is “fully qualified domain name” (FQDN), but most people just refer to it as a domain name. Every domain name corresponds to a unique IP address that has been entered into a huge database called the Domain Name System( DNS).Computers that host this database are referred to as domain name servers. A domain name, such as travelocity.com, must be converted into an IP address before any packets can be routed to it. The Domain Name System is based on a distributed database. This database is not stored as a whole in any single location; instead, it exists in parts all over the Internet. Your Internet connection is set up to access one of the many domain servers that reside on the Internet. Some domain names are not currently in use, but they are reserved. Internet entrepreneurs have made a business of registering high-profile domain names with the intention of reselling them. Task 3. Mark the following statements as True or False. Задание 3.Определите истинность или ложность следующих предложений: 1. The Internet backbone consists of high-speed fiber-optic links. 2. A local area network is called extranet. 3. A computer must have a permanently assigned static IP address. 4. The Internet is not “owned” by any single corporation or government. 5. Computer connects to the Internet only by linking directly to ISP. 6. You can track the route of data you send using Internet utilities, such as Ping and Trace route. Task 4. Match the words with their synonyms. Задание 4.Найдите синонимы. computations congestion knot node connect find out run calculations overloading tire learn base backbone to be up Task 5. Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given. Задание 5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях. 1. The Internet is not … a single company or country. a) controlled b) operated by c) correspond to 2. The Internet backbones links and … are supported by network service providers. a) wires b)connectors c) routers 3. Intranet allows businesses to store information but not provide them for … . a) anyone b) public c) other companies 4. Pockets can be lost if network congestion … Internet services. a) overwhelms b) corrupts c) stops 5. Each Internet server’s name … a the only IP address. a) is converted into b) corresponds to c) acts as 6. Internet connection is set up access domain servers that … on the Internet. a) reside b) exist c) register Task 6. Make two-word combination using the words in columns and then fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Задание 6. Составьте словосочетания из приведенных слов ниже и заполните пропуски в предложениях. A: distributed B: modem elapsed name voiceband dish dynamic interference domain database signal time satellite address 1. Packets can become lost when … or network congestion overwhelms Internet routers. 2. Ping reports that the computer is online and displays the … for the message. 3. Most people refer to the name of many Internet servers as a … . 4. A computer can have either or permanent static address or a temporal … . 5. A … exists in parts all over the Internet. 6. … and … are used for direct connection of a computer to ISP. Task 7. Fill in the gaps in the text. Задание 7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях. Network service providers supply ___ links for the Internet backbone. The acronym ___ refers to points were equipment and ___ from this companies intersect. An Internet utility called ___ helps you discover whether a host, such as web server is “alive”. This utility reports the ___ for a packet to travel from your computer to the host and back. Another utility, called ___, records the path of a packet as it travels from your computer to its destination. Most people access the Internet through an ISP, which provides modems, e-mail servers, domain name servers, and ___. Task 8. Discuss the following questions. Задание 8. Обсудите следующие вопросы. How did the Internet get started? How is the Internet structured? Is it possible to track data as it travels over the Internet? What kinds of network devices are part of an ISP? What’s a domain name? Методическая литература 1. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык»: аннотирование и реферирование, для студентов вторых курсов технических специальностей. Ставрополь2015 г. 2.Учебное пособие. Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации для студентов института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций. Ставрополь 2018 г. 3.Иностранный язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: методические рекомендации по организации самостоятельной работы студентов направления 11.03.02.Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи. Профиль подготовки - Сети связи и системы коммутации (английский) / сост. ; ФГАОУ ВО Сев.-Кав. федер. ун-т. - Ставрополь: СКФУ, 2017. - с., экземпляров неограниченно. http://catalog.ncfu.ru/catalog/ncfu Ресурсы информационно-телекоммуникационной сети «Интернет» http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/ глоссарий.содержащий более 950 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International). Ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D.H.Day Jr., P.C.Jourdan, J.D.Wingate. http:// biblioclub.ru – Университетская библиотека онлайн/ http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/ LinguisticDataConsortium: лингвистический сайт университета Пенсильвании; http://orlapubs.org/ORLAPTJBS-L/L81.html электронные учебные материалы по отдельным вопросам лингвистики и грамматики. http://www.cal.org/ericcll/faqs/RGOs/linguistics.html сайт Центра прикладной лингвистики (the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Lingu-stics, the Center for Applied Linguistics). Предоставляет материалы для изучающих иностранные языки и теорию языка. http://www.rsl.ru – Российская государственная библиотека. LESSON 13 INTERNET ACCESS Task 1. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the words in bold. Check your variants in the dictionary. Задание 1.Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять значения выделенных слов. INTERNET ACCESS One of the most challenging aspects of the Internet is selecting a connection. Although most subscribers begin with dial-up connection, many soon explore high-speed Internet options. Home based LANs and wireless Internet access have become very popular. A dial-up connection uses POTS (plain old telephone services) to transport data between your computer and your ISP. With a dial-up connection, your computer’s modem essentially places a regular telephone call to your ISP, when the ISP’s computer “answers” your call, a dedicated circuit is established between you and your computer. This circuit remains connected for the duration of your call and provides a communication link that caries data between your computer and the ISP. The modem, you use with this type of connection, converts the signals from you computer into signals that can travel over the telephone lines. The word “modem” is derived from the words “modulate” and “demodulate”. In communication terminology, modulation means changing the characteristics of a signal, as when a modem changes a digital pulse into an analog audio signal. Demodulation means changing a signal back to its original state, as when a modem changes an audio signal back to a digital. Another option for Internet connection is cable Internet service; with it your cable TV company becomes your Internet provider. In order to provide this type of connection, satellite dishes are installed; usually they are installed for a commUNITy and are referred to as the head-end. From the head-end, a cabling system branches out, offering both television and Internet access. Bandwidth of each cable is divided among three activities: TV channels, downstream data (the data you receive) and upstream data (the data you send).Cable Internet service plans offer speeds up to 6 Mbps. With this connection your computer becomes part of a neighborhood data network and in this case two issues become significant: bandwidth and security. Unlike a dial-up connection, cable Internet service provides an always-on connection, which is particularly vulnerable to hackers and virus attacks. As for the second issue, the cable you share with your neighbors has a certain amount of bandwidth, and as more people use the service, it might seem to get slower and slower. Other options, such as DSL and ISDN, could be chosen to get a high-speed Internet access. DSL (digital subscriber line) is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines. It is one of the fastest Internet connections that’s affordable to individual consumers. Several variations of this technology exist, including ADSL (asymmetric DSL, with downstream speed faster than upstream speed). DSL is digital, so data doesn’t need to be changed into analog form and then back to digital as it does when you use a dial-up connection. A DSL can simultaneously carry voice and data, if permitted by DSL provider. ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) is an all digital service with the potential to simultaneously carry voice and data. ISDN is not fast as DSL or cable Internet service but faster than a dial-up connection. A device called an ISDN terminal adapter connects a computer to a telephone wall jack and translated the computer’s digital signals into signals that can travel over the ISDN connection. ISDN service is typically regarded as a high-speed Internet connection option for businesses that maintain small LANs. There are two primary options for getting a wireless access of your home PC or LAN to the Internet: satellite Internet service or fixed wireless Internet service. Satellite Internet service uses a satellite to transmit computer data directly to and from a satellite dish, owned by and individual. A satellite modem connects the satellite dish to a computer. In many areas, satellite Internet service is the only alternative to a dial-up connection. But on the downside, satellite data transport is subject to latency delays of one second or more, which occur as your data is routed between your computer and the satellite that orbits the Earth 22.200 miles above the Earth. Satellite transmission and reception can be blocked by adverse weather conditions, which make this type of data transport less reliable than most wired options. Fixed wireless Internet service is designed to offer Internet access to homes and businesses by broadcasting data signals over areas large enough to cover most cities and outlying areas. Wireless technologies have less latency than satellite Internet service and can offer connection speeds suitable for online gaming and teleconferencing. Also it is possible to connect to the Internet through LAN. LAN provides a cost-effective way to share one Internet connection among several computers. School computer labs and businesses usually provide access over LANs. LAN Internet access is also feasible for home networks. A single cable Internet, DSL, ISDN, or satellite connection can be cabled into your home LAN and accessed by all its workstations. |