Навчальний посібник КамянецьПодільський 2009 Укладачі

• Название: Навчальний посібник КамянецьПодільський 2009 Укладачі
• Анкор: umanec_a_v_ta_in_grammar_in_use.doc
• Дата: 27.01.2018
• Размер: 2.7 Mb.
• Имя файла: umanec_a_v_ta_in_grammar_in_use.doc
• Тип: Навчальний посібник; #14939
• страница: 14 из 23

Утворення

Пасивний стан утворюється за допомогою дієслова to be у відповідній часовій формі та дієприкметника минулого часу смислового дієслова. В пасивному стані вживаються три групи часів.

Passive Voice = be + Participle II (Past Participle) Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect. Future Continuous Tense і часи групи Perfect Continuous в па- сивному стані не вживаються.

Часові форми дієслова у пасивному стані

	Present	Past	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Indefinite	S sing + is done S pl + are done	S sing + was done S pl + were done	S sing + shall/will + be done	S sing + should/would + be done
Continuous	S sing + is being done S pl + are being done	S sing + was being done S pl + were being done	-	-
Perfect	S sing + has been done S pl + have been done	S sing + had been done	S sing + shall/will + have been done	S sing + should/ would + have been done

Утворення питальних та заперечних форм

з дієсловом у пасивному стані

Питальні форми з дієсловом у пасивному стані утворюються шляхом вживання першого допоміжного дієслова перед підметом: У заперечних формах частка ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова:

Was he invited to the party? He was not invited to the party.

Часові форми дієслова – присудка в активному

та пасивному станах

		The Present	The Past	The Future
Indefinite	Active	She cleans this room every day.	Somebody stole my car last week.	She will meet her mother at the station.
	Passive	This room is cleaned by her every day.	My car was stolen last week.	Her mother will be met at the station.
Continuous	Active	They are building some new houses near the river.	When I was here a few years ago, they were building a new airport.	They will be writing the test tomorrow at 10 o’clock.
	Passive	Some new houses are being built near the river.	When I was here a few years ago, a new airport, was being built.	NB! Не існує форми The Future Continuous Passive, замість неї вживається The Future Indefinite Passive. The test will be written (by them) at 10 o’clock.
		The Present	The Past	The Future
Perfect	Active	Look! They have painted the door.	Ann said that somebody had stolen her car.	She will have written the poem.
	Passive	Look! The door has been painted.	Ann said that her car had been stolen.	The poem will have been written by her
Perfect Continuous	Active	He has been writing his report for 2 days.	He had been writing his report for 2 days before it was finished.	He will have been writing his report for 2 days before he finished it.
	Passive	The Present Perfect His report has been written for 2 days.	The Past Perfect His report had been written for 2 days before it was finished.	The Future Perfect His report will have been written for 2 days before it is finished.

Не існує форм групи Perfect Continuous Passive, замість цих часів вживаються відповідно часи групи Perfect Passive.

Exercises
I. Change the sentences into:

a) the Present Indefinite Passive

People always admire such pictures.

Such pictures are always admired.
1. People speak English all over the world.

2. One uses milk for making butter and cheese.

3. They sell apples by the kilo.

4. They make progress every day in the world of science.

b) the Past Indefinite Passive.

1. He met his friend at the station.

2. I left the dog in the garden.

3. She washed the floor only this morning.

4. People formerly used the Tower of London as a prison.
II. a) Answer the questions in the Present Indefinite Passive using the words suggested

– Where are all the magazines sent to? (abroad) – They are sent abroad.

1 Where is English spoken? (all over the world)

2. When is radio news listened to in your family? (every night)

3. Where are meals cooked? (in the kitchen)

4. When are test-papers written ? (at the end of each term)

5 When are examinations taken? (in January and in June)
b) Answer the questions in the Future Indefinite Passive using the given suggestions.

– When will new play be staged? (next month) – It will be staged next month.

1. When will the lecture on R. Burns be read? (next Friday)

2. When will the birthday cake be baked ? (tomorrow)

3. Where will the poem be recited? (at the party)

4. Where will the parcel be brought ? (to the office)

5. Where will he be sent to? (to Kyiv)
III. Write a new sentence with the same meaning

Somebody has stolen my keys. My keys have been stolen.

1. Somebody stole my car last week. My car

2. Somebody wants you on the phone. You

3. Somebody has eaten the bananas. The

4. Somebody will repair the machine. The

5. Somebody is watching us. We
IV. Correct these sentences.

This house built 100 years ago. This house was built 100 years ago.

1. Football plays in most countries of the world

2. Why did the letter send to the wrong address?

3. A garage is a place where cars repair

4. Where are you born?

5. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?

6. When was invented the bicycle?


V. Complete the sentences. Use the passive voice of these verbs:

Clean, damage, find, give, invite, make, make, show, steal, take

The room is cleaned every day.

1. Paper _______ from wood.

2. There was a fire at the hotel last week.

Two of the rooms _________________

3. Where did you get this picture? “It _____________ to me by a friend of mine”.

4. Many American programmes ______ on British TV.

5. “How old is this film?” “It _______ in 1965.”

6. My car ______ last week but the next day it ______________ by the police

7. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people ______ to hospital.

8. “Did Gim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No. They ________ but they didn’t go.
VI. Read the sentences below and decide which answer – A, B, C, D – best fits each space.

1. The question … often put to me but I never answered it.

A is B was C will be D will have been.

2. The book …. published by August.

A is B was C will be D will have been.

3. My house …to you. I don’t want to see you any more.

A was been closed B is closed

C was closed D being closed.

4. He wished to know if his orders … carried out.

A are B were C have been D had been..

5. The women … on at 7 o’clock in the morning.

A is being operated B will be operated

C will operated D is operated.
VII. Where were they born?

(Ann / Edinburgh) Ann was born in Edinburgh.

1. (Sally / Birmingham) Sally ________________

2. (her parents / Irleland) Her ________________

3. (you / ???) I ________________

4. (your mother / ???) My mother _____________

5. (your father / ???) My father _____________

VIII. Translate the sentences.

1. Коли він увімкнув телевізор, показували футбольний матч.

2. За лікарем послали? Так, за лікарем послали вже годину тому.

3. Цей фільм обговорювали майже тиждень. Про нові фільми завжди говорять.

4. Твори Т.Шевченка перекладають багатьма мовами.

5. Тест з граматики пишуть вже майже півгодини.

6. У нашому місті будується декілька нових багатоквартирних будинків.

7. Як часто ці кімнати прибираються?

8. Цей журнал друкують в Києві.

9. Нас розбудив страшенний галас.

10. Апельсини імпортують у Британію.
IХ. Read the text. Title it. Try to reproduce it as close to the text as possible.

Michael had been worried all day. In the morning he received a letter from the police-office. He was asked to call at the station. Michael could not understand why he was wanted by the police. He hadn’t done anything to be punished for.

At the police-office he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. It was picked up in the woods four hundred kilometers away. His name and address were scribbled on the wheel.

The bicycle was now being sent to his home by train. Michael was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because it was his old broken bicycle he had left in the woods last summer when returning to town after his holidays.
Х. Use the words in brackets (…) to complete the sentences.

I can’t use my office at the moment. It ________ (paint). I can’t use my office at the moment. It is being painted.

1. 
   We didn’t go to the party. We ________ (not/invite).
   
2. 
   The washing machine was broken but it’s OK now. It _______ (repair).
   
3. 
   A factory is a place where things________ (make).
   
4. 
   How old are these houses? When ______ (they/build).
   
5. 
   A: ______ (the computer/use) at the moment?
   

B:Yes, Jim is using it.

6. 
   Some trees ___________ (blow) down in the storm last night.
   
7. 
   The bridge is closed at the moment.
   

It _________ (damage) last week and it ________ (not/repair) yet.

8. 
   The car _________ (repair) yesterday afternoon.
   

ХІ. Write sentences from words in brackets (…). Sentences are present.

(the office/clean/ every day) The office is cleaned every day.

1. 
   (these rooms / clean / every day?).
   
2. 
   (glass / make / from sand).
   
3. 
   (stamps / sell / in a post-office).
   
4. 
   (this room / not / use / very often).
   
5. 
   (how / this word / pronounce?).
   

Sentences are past.

(the office/clean/ every day) The office was cleaned every day.

1. 
   (the house / paint / last month).
   
2. 
   (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago).
   
3. 
   (when / this bridge / build?).
   
4. 
   (you / invite / to the party last week?).
   
5. 
   (how / these windows / break?).
   
6. 
   (I / not / wake up / by the noise).
   

ХІІ. Read the sentences below and decide which answer – A, B, C, D – best fits each space.

1. 
   I didn’t know whom I … introduced to at that moment.
   

A am B was C am being D was being

2. As his books are not interesting they … not read.

A are B were C are being D were being

3. She was tired and didn’t hear what … said.

A is B was C is being D was being

4. Look! Tea … split all over the table-cloth.

A is B was C has been D had been

5. She … given a box of chocolates for her birthday last week.

A is B was C has been D had been

6. My cousin … well spoken of.

A is B was C has been D had been

УЗГОДЖЕННЯ ЧАСІВ. (The Sequence of Tenses)

Узгодженням часів називається існуюча в англійській мові залежність часу дієслова-присудка підрядного речення від часу присудка головного речення Головне речення у підрядному вживається Present or Future Час залежно від змісту Головне речення у підрядному вживається Past Одна з форм Past
Граматичний час дієслова – присудка підрядного речення треба узгоджувати таким чином:
1. Для вираження одночасної дії у підрядному реченні вживається the Past Simple або the Past Progressive	Він знав, що вони часто проводять вільний час разом. He knew (that) they often spent their spare time together. Я знав, що вони не працювали, а галасували. I knew that they were not working but were making noise.
2. Для вираження попередньої дії у підрядному реченні вживається the Past Perfect aбо the Past Perfect Progressive	Вони бачили, що ми вже за- кінчили роботу. They saw that we had finished our work. Він поскаржився, що вона слухає голосну музику вже годину. He complained that she had been listening to a loud music for an hour already.
3. Для вираження майбутньої дії у підрядному реченні вживається the Future-in-the-Past	Вона поцікавилась, де вони зустрінуться. She wondered where they would meet.

Узгодження часів не відбувається, коли у підрядному реченні йдеться про:

1. Наукову істину, факт

Вони не знали, що США здобули незалежність у 1776 році.

They did not know that the USA got the independence in 1776.

2. Усталений розпорядок, розклад, закон.

Він сказав, що поїзд прибуває о 6 ранку.

He said the train arrives at 6 a.m.