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Навчальний посібник КамянецьПодільський 2009 Укладачі
НЕПРЯМА МОВА
(Indirect (Reported) Speech)
Стверджувальні речення
Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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1. Слово-говоріння вжите у теперішньому часі
She says, “I am tired today, Mum”.
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Узгодження часів не відбувається
She tells her mother (that) she is tired
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2. Слово-говоріння вжите у минулому часі
She said, “I am tired today, Mum”.
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Пряма мова стає підрядним реченням і його дієслово-присудок змінює час
She told her mother (that) she was tired that day
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Дієслово-присудок підрядного речення змінює
час таким чином:
Direct
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Indirect
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The Present Simple
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The Past Simple
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The Present Progressive
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The Past Progressive
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The Present Perfect
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The Past Perfect
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The Present Perfect Progressive
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The Past Perfect Progressive
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The Future Forms
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The Future-in-the Past Forms (will = would; shall = should)
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The Past Simple
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The Past Perfect
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The Past Progressive
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The Past Perfect Progressive
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The Past Perfect (не змінюється)
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The Past Perfect
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The Past Perfect Progressive (не змінюється)
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The Past Perfect Progressive
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Особові і присвійні займенники змінюються
залежно від змісту
I – he/shemine – his/hers
We – theyme/you – him/her
My – his/herour – their
Us – themour – theirs
Myself – himself/herself
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She said, “I am working” → She said that she was working.
She said, “It is mine.” → She said that it was hers.
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Певні слова змінюються при перекладі в непряму мову
This, these
Now
Today, tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
This week
Past week
Next week
Two days ago
Here
Come
Can
May
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That, those
Then, at that time, immediately
That day, that night
The day before, the previous day
The next day, the following day
That week
The week before, the previous week
The week after, the following week
Two days before
There
Go
Could
Might
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Питальні речення
Питальні речення відтворенні непрямою мовою називаються непрямими запитаннями
Yes- or no- questions
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Indirect questions
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She asked, “Are you reading now, Bob?”
She asked, “Do you like strong coffee, Bob?”
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She asked Bob if he was reading then (узгодження часів)
Допоміжне дієслово to do y Present і Past Indefinite не вживається
She asked Bob if he liked strong coffee.
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Special questions
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Indirect questions
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He asks,” Will you be here tomorrow, Bob?”
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* Прямий порядок слів
* Питальні слова стають сполучними словами
He asked Bob when he would be there the next day.
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Наказові речення
She asked, “Play with us, Ann”
Mother said to her son, “Don’t go out.”
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* Наказовий спосіб замінюється інфінітивом
She asked Ann to play with them
* У заперечній формі перед інфінітивом ставиться частка not Mother told her son not to go out
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Note: tell, say
• якщо в словах автора вживається say+ to + додаток, то в непрямій мові воно змінюється на tell + додаток;
• в непрямих запитаннях (Indirect questions) to say змінюється на to ask або одно з його синонімів;
• у наказових реченнях в непрямій мові to say змінюється дієсловами to ask, to tell, to order або їх синонімами;
• say, tell не змінюються в наступних виразах: say good morning/afternoon, etc., something/ nothing, etc. one’s prayers, so, a few words; tell the truth, a lie, a secret, a story, the time, the difference, sb. one’s name, sb. the way, one’s fortune.
Special Introductory Verbs
Introductory Verb
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Direct Speech
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Reported Speech
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agree + to- inf
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“Yes, I’ll come with you.”
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He agreed to come with me. me
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advise + sb + to- inf
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“Would you like to come to my house?”
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He advised me to take a coat.
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invite sb
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“Would you like to come to my house?”
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He invited me to go to the house.
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accuse sb of + -ing form
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“You broke the vase.”
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He accused me of breaking the vase.
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complain to sb about
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“You never tidy up.”
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He complained to me about me never tidying up.
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insist on
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“You must wear warm clothes.”
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He insisted on me/my wearing warm clothes.
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inform sb
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“You will be called for an interview.”
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He informed me that I would be called for an interview.
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explain to sb + how
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“This is how you make it.”
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He explained to me how to make it.
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apologise for
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“I’m sorry I upset you.”
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He apologised for upsetting/ having upset me.
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admit (to)
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“Yes, I lied to her.”
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He admitted (to) lying/having lied to her.
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boast about
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“I am better than you.”
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He boasted about being better than me.
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