Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специальностей. Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специал. Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина
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value vt 1) to calculate the value, price, or worth of, e. g. He valued the house and its contents at 42,000 pounds. 2) to consider smb or smth to be of great worth, e. g. Young people don't always value the advice given them by their parents. valuable a of great value or use, having value , AparoaeHHufi), as a valuable book; valuable property, furniture; valuable advice, initiative, information, e. g. The book didn't cost much but it is very valuable to me. valued a regarded as of great value (уважаемый, достойный уважения; такой, которым дорожат); as a valued possession, a valued friend (servant, correspondent); valued advice, help invaluable a exceedingly valuable, as invaluable assistance, invaluable treasure valueless a having no value, as valueless good, e. g. You are too late with your advice, it's valueless now. valuables n pl, e. g. Jewellery and other valuables are usually kept in a jewel-box. 9. urgent a 1) pressing, very important, requiring immediate action, or attention, as to be in urgent need of smth; urgent repairs; an urgent call (letter, business, telegramme etc.), e. g. What are the urgent issues of the day? The matter is urgent. 2) earnest and persistent in making a demand, as an urgent creditor, e. g. The girl's urgent entreaties had their effect. urge vt to ask earnestly, to plead with, to recommend strongly, e. g. We urged him to go. All his friends are urging him to join in. urgency n the need for haste or immediate action, e. g. It is a matter of great urgency. 10. stuff n (informal) the material of which anything is made, usually solid substance, e. g. What is this stuff? What kind of stuff is it made of? Only very serious stuff interests him. The building was made of some funny white stuff. He is not of the stuff poets are made of. stuff vt to pack tightly and untidily; to press tightly into smth, as to stuff a bag full, to stuff someone's head with nonsense, to stuff one's mouth full, e. g. Don't stuff anything else in, or the bag will burst. Don't stuff the child with food. She stuffed the chicken with breadcrumbs, herbs and onion. stuffy a lacking ventilation; close or oppressive, e. g. Do you mind opening the window? The room is stuffy. READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES 1. Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words: dewy, meadow, cartoon, Captain Kangaroo, episode, mass media, influential, environment, catalogue, brochure, credulous, sophisticated, deliberate, addictive, subtle, vicious, altruistic, stimulate, control, advertise, permissible, digest, identify, abbreviate, programme, persuasively, agency, intellect, design, available, intricate, isolate, giant, conglomerate, audio, contribute, charitable. 2. Practise the pronunciation of the following polysyllabic words paying attention to the principal and secondary stresses: magazine, influential, psychologically, altruistic, motivation, consideration, entertainment, regularity, information, sophistication, appreciation, disapproval, individually, intertwining, governmental, philosophical, educational, intellectually. 3. a) Read out the following observing all the phonetic phenomena of connected speech (assimilation, lateral and nasal plosions, the loss of plosion, the linking”r”). you accept the media; at the same time; with all this; the permissible and the forbidden; look back at the first two paragraphs; words introduced in the media; even that part of media output; commercial messages inserted throughout; or a newspaper or magazine article; around the advertisements; in either print or electronic media; what the boss's policies are. b) Practise the pronunciation of the following word combinations containing the nasal sonant [ŋ] in the intervocalic position: sitting in the kitchen; involving subtle conditioning and brain-washing; all these negative aspects of growing up with the media; what's going on in the world; the fun of trying out a new product; but there is always that string of jokes; just standing or wandering about a stage; when you were young and absorbing uncritically; accepting a job. c) Read the following passages: 1) from "the major media can be divided..." up to "... or pictures demanding attention?" and 2) from "whole new vocabularies come into existence...'' up to "... at an advertising agency." Observe the intonation group division, stress, rhythm and tempo. 4. Change the sentences below according to the models: Model 1: The lady lacked tact and manners. What the lady lacked was tact and manners. 1. He longed for the title of a champion. 2. The man didn't care to go back to his wife. He was afraid she'd talk him to death. 3. The doctor should have tested him for suicidal tendencies. Model 2: We had no idea where he had come from. Little did we know where he had come from. 1. We had no suspicion what he was involved in. 2. She had no idea what made him lose his temper. 3. We did not understand why she was so annoyed. 4. We could not see the point of his coming here. 5. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Чего ему действительно не хватало, так это чувства меры. 2. Что меня больше всего удивило в Джейн, так это ее самообладание. 3. Ему просто не хватало знаний по истории этой страны. 4. Надо отдать ей должное, она была на редкость трудолюбива. 5. Надо отдать ему должное, он сделал все, чтобы овладеть испанским языком. 6. Надо отдать ей должное, она очень интересуется благополучием своих родных. 7. Надо отдать ему должное, он с любым европейцем может говорить на его родном языке. 8. Я и понятия не имел, куда он метит. 9. Он и не подозревал, что ей нужно. 10. Она и не догадывалась, чем все это кончится. 6. Make up two sentences of your own on each pattern (p. 169). 7. Make up a short situation using the speech patterns. 8. Note down from the text (p. 165) the sentences containing the phrases and word combinations (p. 169) and translate them into Russian. 9. Paraphrase the following sentences using the phrases and word combinations: 1. Who won the race? 2. This is the latest information on the situation. 3. His illness started after that awful accident he was involved in. 4. Teachers are always complaining that many of their pupils have no manners. 5. Once she'd started eating junk food she couldn't stop. 6. The new one-pound coin was first used in 1984. 10. Consult a dictionary and make up a list of adjectives beginning with "ill-", e. g. "ill-bred". Give the Russian equivalents. 11. Make up two sentences of your own on each phrase and word combination. 12. Translate the following sentences into English using the phrases and word combinations: 1. Когда мне нужно принять какое-либо решение, я всегда сначала думаю о семье, а потом уже о карьере. 2. Они используют самое современное оборудование и вычислительные машины. 3. Эта рукопись восходит к ХШ веку. 4. Учителя в Англии жалуются на то, что им мало платят и к ним плохо относятся. 5. К сожалению, вас неверно информировали. 6. Сначала он был уверен, что сможет бросить курить, как только захочет, но потом понял, что он уже очень сильно пристрастился к сигаретам. 7. Закон вступил в действие в 1976 году. 8. Я не умею шить, да и к тому же я не вяжу. 13. Pair work. Make up and practise a dialogue using the phrases and word combinations. 14. Explain what is meant by: watching television is psychologically addictive; questions involving subtle conditioning and brainwashing; friendly or vicious, altruistic or self-serving; increasing sophistication of taste and appreciation of technical skills; they (ideas) are digested emotionally at psychological depths; behaviour patterns; words introduced in the media frequently enlarge their meanings far beyond the scope originally intended for them; a predetermined response. 15. Answer the following questions and do the given assignment. a) 1. How influential a part does the TV play in children's lives? Do recollections of TV programmes provide the most part of the majority of young people's childhood memories? 2. Why do you think people often refer to "the media" when talking about television? 3. Why do the modern media tend to cause more problems than the printed media? 4. Are the additional implications of the word "mass" accurate? 5. How do you think watching television can become addictive? 6. Comment on the meaning of "global village" and how it's connected with the TV. 7. What does television impart to an uncritical audience? 8. How is ittcnown that some attitudes are absorbed indirectly from the television and then retained? 9. Does the television always achieve its intended predetermined response from its audience? Is it more successful than the other forms of media? 10. How independent are those people working for the television companies? 11. In the last sentence the pros and cons of television are put rather bluntly. Which outweigh the other? b) The text under discussion is an essay. Behind the essay lie the traditions of oratory and debate. From them all essays inherit their persuasive techniques. The essay may usually be identified by certain characteristics of tone, language, and structure. Keeping all the above mentioned in mind, study the text and providing illustrations from it discuss the main characteristics of the essay: 1) tone: personal and conversational or highbrow and formal; 2) language: informal and colloquial or official and stylized; 3) structure: loose, flexible or strictly and logically organized. What persuasion techniques does the author use? 10. Give a summary of the text. 17. l) Media inventory. a) List all the media yon observe in an hour or two in the following places: 1. in the community in general — in the shopping centre or downtown area that you use the most, in the supermarket or grocery store, in any clothing or department store, at the cafe where you stop for meals or snacks. Include signs, billboards, posters, magazines, displays, radios, TVs, and public address system. 2. at school or college/institute, in classrooms, in general areas such as the cafeteria and hallways. (Don't include the library. We all know how loaded it is.) 3. at home — in your bedroom, living-room, kitchen. b) Bring your information to class; sort the material into groups and compile your information. Write a list of categories, such as TVs, radios, newspapers, magazines, signs, posters, displays — whatever you discovered — and record the number of each, regardless of where you noticed them. When yon have completed the whole inventory, add the number in each category, then add them all for a grand total of the media in your life. 1. Was it difficult to remember to notice each medium? 2. Did you find more than you anticipated? 3. Where did you find the most? 4. Which medium predominates in your inventory — print or electronic? 5. What general conclusions did yott reach about media? 3) Written Work/Assignment/Task Respond to the following situation either in a short story using dialogue and description or in essay form. Without using any escape device like running away to a deserted island or the middle of a desert, describe how, within the context of your normal life, you could or could not screen or seal yourself from all media messages. (The tone can be either serious or satirical.) VOCABULARY EXERCISES 1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian. 2. Translate the following sentences into Russian: 1. How a few words can bring it all back! 2. Clocks and watches should be brought forward one hour from midnight tonight. 3. In his speech he tried to bring out all the salient features of the author's career. 4. Nothing that she could have done, nothing that she had done, brought home to him like this the inner significance of her act. 5. The punishment cell was a dark, damp, filthy hole under ground. Instead of bringing Arthur "to reason" it thoroughly exasperated him. 6. Nick played so well at the concert that he brought the house down. 7. That scolding should bring him to his senses. 8. Mr. Brown, who is on the editorial board, announced that the case would be brought before the committee the next Tuesday. 9. Clyde's work at the hotel brought him into contact with different people. 10. Soames had never seen such an expression on Irene's face. And since it is always the unusual which alarms, Soames was alarmed. 11. Luckily a passer-by heard the burglar-alarm ringing in the jewellery store. 12. The world's forests are shrinking at an alarming rate. 13. She set the alarm to go off at five. 14. She must be very nervous, she fusses about all the time. 15.1 bet it was Bassington who went to that doctor and made all that fuss about having cancer. 16. "I really don't see what you're making such a fuss about," said Larry coldly. 17. Why fuss so much about this trip? The things are already packed, the accounts paid. 18. She doesn't see her grandchildren very often so she tends to make a real fuss of them when she does. 19. George Smith had put on weight and got heavier in his movements, began to go grey and lose his temper now and then. 20. The want of sympathy on the part of the world made George sell his banjo at a great loss. 21. Tom seemed lost in thought. 22. There are losses that cannot be made up for. 23. They lost no time in telling me I was wrong. 24. No great loss without a small gain (proverb). 25. He is a TV addict. 26. Susan was afraid of becoming addicted to tranquillizers. 27. Drug addiction is a plague of the 20th century. 28. The problem with video games is that they are addictive. 29. We don't know the extent of his involvement in the affair. 30. Fagin and his friends involved Oliver in a robbery. 31. He had been taught that modern physics involved the manipulation of minute quantities of matter. 32. The accident involved two cars and a lorry. 33. She didn't feel like getting involved in a long argument on the phone so she hung up. 34. Travel tends to sophisticate a person. 35. Some pieces of modern music can be appreciated only by a very sophisticated audience. 36. She was a country girl, shy and unsophisticated, so different from her rich cousin in New York. 37. The experiment involved sophisticated technologies. 38. Soames' most valued possession -r- his daughter — was of medium height and colour, with short, dark-chestnut hair. 39. A thing not being valuable or having no commercial value cannot be costly; nevertheless it may be precious to us on account of the giver. 40. You should have learned to value other people's time. 41.1 will say it to John, his services to us are invaluable. 42. The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them; a man may live long, yet get little from life (M. Montaigne). 43. Though he prided himself on trusting no one, he always accepted at face value any friendly gesture that was offered to him. 44. While the New Yorker can appreciate the beauties of nature where he can forget the urgent problems of the day, he seems to be unaffected by the joys of country life. 45. The expeditionNvas in urgent need of supplies. 46. Everything urgent had been dealt with by her efficient secretary. 47. Old Jolyon could hardly resist June's urgent requests. 48. "Well, a good novel is real, far more significant than most of the highbrow stuff — so-called", he said, taking a little time to answer. 49. "He knows his stuff', said Monsier Poirot with evident approval. 50. My father was a stuffy man. He always wore dark suits and ugly ties, and was for ever pursing his lips and wrinkling up his forehead before he said anything. 51. He stuffed his ears with cotton wool not to be distracted by the noise. 3. Give the English equivalents for: вызвать горячие споры; добиться перемен; вызывать воспоминания о; снизить налоги; сбить температуру; выдвинуть возражение; выносить вердикт; подчеркивать (выделять) детали издать книгу; быть хорошо (дурно) воспитанным; встревоженный взгляд; обеспокоенная мать; вспугнутая птица; тревожная ночь; тревожные признаки; поднять тревогу; волноваться из-за пустяков; суетиться по дому; носиться с кем-л. (чём-л.); привередливый больной; быть разборчивым (привередливым) в еде; суматошный человек; потерять ключ от квартиры, чемодана; проиграть сражение, игру; заблудиться, потерять кого-л. из виду; растеряться; не дойти до кого-л. (о намеке, словах, юморе), потерять равновесие; глубоко задуматься; выйти из себя, рассердиться; нести потери; потеря крови; наркоман; пристраститься к чему-л.; склонность; пагубная привычка; влечь за собой расходы; втянуть кого-л. в неприятности; быть втянутым во что-л.; затрагивать чьи-л. права; ввести кого-л. в большие расходы; изысканный, утонченный вкус; изощренный аргумент; светская дама; искушенная публика; усложненная технология; ценная вещь; ценная инициатива; ценные сведения; неоценимая помощь; представлять большую ценность; моральные ценности; оценить что-л. в...; крайняя необходимость; срочный ремонт; срочный вызов; неотложное дело; насущная проблема; настойчивая просьба; сладости; зелень; фаршированная рыба; пичкать ребенка; запихивать вещи в чемодан; совать что-л. в карман. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the essential vocabulary: 1. I could never understand what caused their quarrel. 2. Very often an emergency reveals a person's main qualities. 3. The noise of the gun scared hundreds of birds. 4. She is very difficult to please, always complaining or worrying when she is ill. 5 My hints failed to impress Sally. 6. He can't tear himself away from TV. 7. He was drawn into a smuggling ring. 8. Camping trips require/call for hard work. 9. She is a woman of worldly knowledge and refinement. 10. These are really very elaborate and complicated instruments. 11. Your opinion is of great importance to me. 12. This apparatus is to be used only in case of emergencies that demand quick action. 13. "SOS" is a message requiring immediate action. 14. Don't pack the girl's head with fancies. |