Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специальностей. Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специал. Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина
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5. Answer the following questions. Use the essential vocabulary: 1. What will a mother feel if her child is late in returning? 2. What do you say when a room wants ventilating? 3. What kind of news will cause fear or anxiety? 4. What would you say of a woman of worldly knowledge and refinement? 5. What would you say of grandparents when they try to please their grandchildren in every way? 6. What would you call a person who Is in the habit of constantly watching TV? 7. What would you advise a person who is very particular about all kinds of little things? 8. What would you call a present that may not be expensive but is very dear to you? 6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs: 1. Seeing you brought... many memories. 2. The new dress brought... her hidden beauty. 3. How can we bring ... to him the seriousness of his mistake? 4. The cool air outside soon brought her ... . 5. He has just brought... a new book. 6. All children should be brought... to respect their parents. 7. The proposal brought... seemed a foolish one. 8. You must bring ... ... John that it is a matter of great urgency. 9. His remark brought ... a lot of misunderstanding. 10. I did enjoy his lecture. And I think that a slightly sceptical audience brings ... the best in him. 11. They gave him an injection but it did not bring him .... 12. She wants to bring ... all the old customs. 7. Choose the right word: a) fear, alarm, dismay, panic 1. Robinson Crusoe was seized with ... when he saw the footprint on the sand. 2. There is always a danger of... when a theatre catches fire. 3. The thought that she might fail the examination filled her with ... . 4. He lived in constant... of his neighbours. b) value (valuable, invaluable), price (priceless), worth 1. Some works of art have no ... for they are unique and, therefore, ... . 2. The ... of a good education cannot be measured in money. In Great Britain public education is free. It costs nothing. The ... of books may seem high, but their ... to a student who is educating himself may be great. 8. Review the essential vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English: 1. В наше время средства массовой информации ежедневно поднимают вопросы, требующие неотложного решения. 2. Белая шляпа с широкими полями оттеняла (подчеркивала) красоту ее больших темно-синих глаз. 3. То, что подобное путешествие вводило семью в большие расходы, вызвало горячий спор. 4. Некоторые политики в Англии выступают за то, чтобы вернуть смертную казнь 5. Мысли Джейн становились все тревожнее, она ускорила шаг. 6. У него было какое-то тревожное предчувствие, от которого он не мог отделаться, как ни старался. 7. Многие родители встревожены тем, что дети просто не могут оторваться от телевизора. 8. Столько было суеты в связи с моим приездом, что я чувствовала себя просто неловко. 9. Пожалуйста, не поднимай шума, это просто царапина. 10. Больной ребенок часто капризничает, ему все не так, но родители не должны терять терпения. 11. Я в затруднении объяснить его отсутствие. 12. Он несколько раз намекал на свою крайнюю нужду в деньгах, но его намеки не дошли до редактора. 13 Алкогольная зависимость — это трагедия для семьи. 14. Многие, начав смотреть мыльные оперы, просто не могут оторваться от них. 15. Наркоманы теряют голову, пытаясь достать наркотики. 16. В скандале были замешаны известные политики, и это вызвало правительственный кризис. 17. На вашем месте директора школы я бы больше привлекала родителей к решению всяких проблем. 18. По-моему, некоторые телевизионные програм- мы создаются для искушенной (подготовленной) аудитории. 19. Все признавали, что миссис Ерлинг имела утонченный вкус. 20. Вы оказали мне неоценимую услугу. 21. Я ценю ваше мнение больше чем чье-либо другое. 22. Ценность некоторых вещей не может быть измерена деньгами. 23. Неотложный вызов заставил врача отправиться к больному в такую ночь. 24. Она попросила не беспокоить ее, если не было крайней необходимости. 25 У меня голова забита всякими тревожными мыслями. 26. Индейка, обычно фаршированная, — обязательное блюдо в американской семье в День Благодарения. 9. a) Give the Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs: Lost time is never found again. Grasp all, lose all. b) Explain in English the meaning of the proverbs. c) Make up a dialogue to illustrate them. CONVERSATION AND DISCUSSION TELEVISION TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1. Television: TV; telly (colloq.), the box (BE); the tube (AE), portable television (set); colour television (set); video; video tape-recorder (VT/VTR); cable television; satellite television; network; viewer; viewing; peak viewing hours; prime time (8-11 p.m.); theme tunes; TV addict; compulsive viewing. 2. Operating TV set: to switch on/off; to turn on/off; to turn the sound up/down; to switch (over)/change to another programme/channel; to watch television; to see smth on television; a test card; to correct the picture; to have the TV set fixed. 3. Personnel/People in television: to be in television; announcer; newsreader/newscaster; anchorman/woman (AE); presenter; TV reporter/correspondent; commentator; interviewer; speaker; quizmaster; camera man/operator; editor; producer; technician; soundman; a film crew; a programme crew. 4. Programmes: programme; show; daily; weekly; monthly; the news; current affairs programme; special report; factual re- portage; live footage (AE), talk (chat) show; discussion, panel discussion; interview; documentary; magazine programme;1 children's programme; cartoon; educational programme; wild/ nature life programme;1 sports programme; the weather report/ forecast; variety show; musical variety; game show; quiz programme;1 feature film, movie (AE); television play/film; television version of a play (adapted for television); thriller; Western;1 serial (a play broadcast in parts, e. g. a three-part serial); instalment (a part of a serial); sitcom (situation comedy);1 soap opera;1 commercial; video clip;1 a regular character of the programme; a regular feature of the programme. 5. Television techniques: to broadcast; to telecast (AE); a live broadcast/show programme; to do a live broadcast; to be on the air; to go on the air; a broadcast speech/interview/discussion; to be on TV (What's on TV tonight?); to appear on the programme; to show on television; to cover smth; news coverage; television coverage; to record/tape/videotape; recorded/ taped/videotaped programme; to do a television show; sound track; sound effects; test card; picture; general view; close-up; caption; still; library film/pictures (= archives material); location (= geographical position of an event); microphone, mike, neck mike; monitor; screen time. A National Disease? At any time between four in the afternoon and midnight, at least ten million viewers in Great Britain are sure to be watching television. This figure can even rise to 35 million at peak viewing hours. With such large numbers involved, there are those who would maintain that television is in danger of becoming a national disease. The average man or woman spends about a third of his or her life asleep, and a further third at work. The remaining third is leisure time — mostly evenings and weekends, and it is during this time that people are free to occupy themselves in any way they see fit. In our great-grandfathers' days the choice of entertainment was strictly limited, but nowadays there is an enormous variety of things to do. The vast majority of the population, though, seem to be quite content to spend their ___________ 1For detailed information see Appendix (p. 282). evenings goggling at the box. Even when they go out, the choice of the pub can be influenced by which one has a colour television it is, in fact, the introduction of colour that has prompted an enormous growth in the box's popularity, and there can be little likelihood of this popularity diminishing in the near future. If, then, we have to live with the monster, we must study its effects. That the great boom in television's popularity is destroying "the art of conversation" — a widely-held middle-class opinion — seems to be at best irrelevant, and at worst demonstrably false. How many conversations does one hear prefaced with the remarks, "Did you see so-and-so last night? Good, wasn't it!" which suggests that television has had a beneficial rather than a detrimental effect on conversational habits: at least people have something to talk about! More disturbing is the possible effect on people's mind and attitudes. There seems to be a particular risk of television bringing a sense of unreality into all our lives. Most people, it is probably true to say, would be horrified to see someone gunned down in the street before their very eyes. The same sight repeated nightly in the comfort of one's living-room tends to lose its impact. What worries many people is that if cold-blooded murder — both acted and real — means so little, are scenes of earthquakes and other natural disasters likely to have much effect either? Such questions are, to a large extent, unanswerable, and it is true to say that predictions about people's probable reactions are dangerous and often misleading. But if television is dulling our reactions to violence and tragedy, it can also be said to be broadening people's horizons by introducing them to new ideas and activities — ideas which may eventually lead them into new hobbies and pastimes. In the last few years there has been a vast increase in educative programmes, from the more serious Open University, to Yoga and the joys of amateur gardening. Already then people have a lot to thank the small screen for, and in all probability the future will see many more grateful viewers who have discovered new pursuits through the telly's inventive genius. Television, arguably the most important invention of the twentieth century, is bound to be exerting a major influence on the life of the modern man for as long as one dare predict: that it will also continue to grow in popularity as the years go by is virtually certain. Yet in arousing hitherto unknown interests — challenging to its own hold over the lethargic minds of its devotees — it is not inconceivable that television may be sowing the seeds of its own downfall. (From: Arnold J., Harmer J. "Advanced Writing Skills". Ldn., 1980) 1. As you read the text: a) look for the answers to these questions: 1. According to the author, how do most British people spend their evenings? 2. What has prompted an enormous growth in television's popularity? 3. What is the effect of continual violence on television in the author's opinion? 4. Why does the author think that television may be "sowing the seeds of its own downfall"? b) Find in the text the arguments the author gives to illustrate the following: 1. The statement that television is destroying the art of conversation seems to be irrelevant 2. Television is dulling viewers' reactions to violence and tragedy. 3. Television is broadening people's horizons. c) Summarize the text in 3 paragraphs. 2. Use the topical vocabulary in answering the following questions: 1. What are your favourite programmes? Refer to specific programmes to illustrate your preferences. 2. What qualities do you look for in a television programme? 3. What are the programmes that appeal to specific age groups? 4. What is the amount of weekend TV time devoted to sports programmes? Would you rather watch a favourite sport on TV or view it in person? Give your arguments/reasoning. 5. What^genres seem to dominate prime-time viewing? First check a week's TV schedule and make a list of all prime-time TV and break it into genres. 6. Should musical concerts and theatrical performances be broadcast on TV? 7. What are the challenges of video? 8. Do you think the emergence of music video clips present some problems to musicians? What problems? 9. What advantages, if any, does television have over radio? Will television oust radio in the future? 3. First read the following text: The Story So Far The idea of a machine able to broadcast both sound and vision goes back to 1875. But it wasn't until 1926 that a Scottish engineer turned the idea into a practical reality. Now, his invention dominates the modem media. This is its story. John Logie Baird produced the first television pictures just eight years after the First World War. They were in black and white and were not very clear, but he had proved that the principle worked. Early sets made in the years Baird’s breakthrough cost as much as a small car and not many were sold. Soon, though, his original system was improved and in 1936 Britain's first regular TV programme went on the air. "Here's Looking At You" was broadcast by the BBC from north London's Alexandra Palace studios twice a day for a weekly budget of one thousand pounds. But Great Britain wasn't the only country producing programmes. Other European nations, including Germany, were also involved in the early days of television. As, of course, was America — and it's there that the reaf TV revolution began after World War Two. US television boomed in the late '40s. Commercial stations began to open in almost every city, and national networks made programmes which were seen from coast to coast. One of the American networks — CBS — even developed a colour service as early as 1951. Two years later, TV tpok another important step when it covered its first major international event — the coronation of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II. It was the first time that a worldwide audience of millions had seen history take place in their own homes. By the end of the decade, TV culture was rapidly becoming a fact of life on both sides of the Atlantic. Even so, it was still a very young medium — lots of people didn't have sets — and many experts thought it wouldn't last. That all changed in the '60s and '70s, though, as television started to satisfy the public's desire, not just for entertainment, but also for rapid, accurate information. As more and more sets were sold, the importance of TV news quickly grew. After all — what other medium could show you live — asTV did in 1969 — Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon? Since 1980 there have been four more major developments. Thefirst is video, which has given viewers the power to control what they watch and when they watch it. These days, fifty per cent of homes have a VCR (video-cassette recorder) and millions more are being sold every year. The second is satellite TV. Thanks to DBS (direct broadcast satellites), dozens of new channels are now available to anyone who buys a receiving "dish". Many of these new,channels specialize in one kind of programme — e. g. news, sport, cartoons, music, movies. The third development is cable — a system of hi-tech wires, which provides even more channels... at a price. But not only that. Cable also makes it possible for you to communicate through your TV, not just the other way around. More about that in a moment. Fourthly, there's HDTV (high definition television), which now offers a much clearer and more realistic picture than was possible even a few years ago. So ... more channels, more choice, more clarity. What is there left for TV to achieve in the future? The answer to that is two-way communication. Modem technology means that twenty-first century televisions will be linked to computer databanks. This way, viewers will be able to ask questions (via remote control) about what they're watching and the answers will appear on their screens. This idea is called "hyper-media" and it's still at an early stage. But then, as we've just seen, TV has come a very long way in a very short time. The hyper-media revolution could happen sooner than many people think. a) As you read the text find the English equivalents to the following: передавать звук и изображение; восходить к; превратить в реальность; прорыв; выйти в эфир; претерпеть бурный рост; в конце 40-х годов; общенациональные сети; цветное ТВ; освещать событие; десятилетие; быстрая и точная информация; показывать в прямом эфире; видеомагнитофон; спутниковое телевидение; "тарелка"; за определенную цену; двусторонняя связь; дистанционное управление; телевидение прошло очень длинный путь за очень короткое время. b) Answer the following questions: 1. When did the idea of broadcasting both sound and vision first occur? 2. What were the major milestones in the development of TV before World War II? 3. How did TV develop in the USA after the war? 4 What was the first international event to be covered by TV? 5 What are the latest developments in TV? 6. What are the possible future achievement of TV? 4. Read the following and extract the necessary information. Internet is a network connecting many computer networks and based on a common addressing system and communications protocol called TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). From its creation in 1983 it grew rapidly beyond its largely academic origin into an increasingly commercial and popular medium. By the mid-1990s the Internet connected millions of computers throughout the world. Many commercial computer network and data services also provided at least indirect connection to the Internet. The Internet had its origin in a U. S. Department of Defense program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects) Agency Network), established in 1969 to provide a secure and survivable communications network for organizations engaged in defense-related research Researchers and academics in other fields began to make use of the network, and at length the National Science Foundation (NSF), which had created a similar and parallel network called NSFNet, took over much of the TCP/IP technology from ARPANET and established a distributed network of networks capable of handling far greater traffic. Amateur radio, cable television wires, spread spectrum radio, satellite, and fibre optics all have been used to deliver Internet services. Networked games, networked monetary transactions, and virtual museums are among applications being developed that both extend the network's utility and test the limits of its technology. |