Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специальностей. Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специал. Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина
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Commentary 1. a jury: a body of persons, in the USA and Great Britain, 12 in number, who have to decide the truth of a case tried before a judge. The jury brings in a verdict of guilty (not guilty). The verdict is valid only if the decision of the jurors is unanimous. If not, the jury is dismissed and a new jury is made up. That procedure may be repeated several times until the jury comes to the unanimous decision. 2. Ku-Klux-Klan: a reactionary organization, was formed by Southern planters when slavery was prohibited throughout the United States by the thirteenth (1865) amendment to the Con- stitution of the USA (which was ratified in 1888. More than 20 amendments have been adopted since that time. The first ten amendments are commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights). Members of the K.K.K. met in secret places. They wore white robes and white masks through which only the eyes could be seen. They lynched blacks on the slightest suspicion without any trial. The organization was so ferocious and aroused such terror and indignation that it was outlawed. But every now and then traces of its activities can be seen even nowadays. 3. Thomas Jefferson: (1743-1826), third President of the USA (1801-1809), drafted the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted and proclaimed on July 4th, 1776 to the whole world that a great new nation was born after a heroic peoples' War for Independence that lasted more than six years. The former 13 English Colonies had won their independence and set up their new United States Government. 4. Yankee: originally, this term meant "a native of New England". During the Civil War, however, the Southerners used it to refer, often derisively, to inhabitants of any Northern States. Nowadays the term is used outside the US to natives of the US. In the South of the USA, it is still used (derisively) to refer to Northerners, and in New England it is still used in reference to Native New Englanders (non-derisively). 5. the distaff side: the female branch in a family as opposed to the male branch. The Executive branch is the legislative body of the government. Here, the distaff side means the women members of the US government, the more sentimental and moralistic part of the staff, who are fond of hurling the phrase "all men are created equal" in order to be brought to the notice of the public. SPEECH PATTERNS \ 1. a) Whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is,... that white man is trash. No matter who the man might be, you had no right to act in this way. No matter who the boy is, they shouldn't have been so rude. No matter who she is, she oughtn't to have done it. b) No matter what she says, don't take it for granted. No matter what she said, they seldom agreed. No matter what Betsy may suggest, they usually find fault with it. No matter what he might do, you shouldn't interfere. c) No matter how hard the boy tried, he could find no job. d) No matter how dull the book seemed, he always read it through. 2. I have nothing but pity... for the chief witness for the state. He deserves nothing but sympathy. We heard nothing but a slight noise. He felt nothing but despair. Mary's son gave her nothing but trouble. Phrases and Word Combinations smb's word against another's to get a square deal (a fair (it's your word against mine) deal) in private and in public (to be) half way (through, stark naked (stark raving mad) down, up) the (one's) remaining time in itself (money, etc.) (formal) no better (worse, etc.) than... (at) one time or another (formal) to be reluctant to do smth in part (formal) (formal) under the circumstances ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY 1. smart a 1) quick in movement, brisk, as a smart walk (pace, trot, etc.), e. g. He gave him a smart rap over the knuckles. 2) clever, quick-witted, skilful, as a smart man (boy, lad, writer, student, lawyer, businessman, talker); a smart idea (retort, saying, device, invention, etc.), e. g. He's too smart for me. I can't prove his guilt. You are smarter than lam, I suppose. You know more about the world than I do. You've made a smart job of it. 3) clever, often in an impudent way, shrewd, as a smart answer (reply, etc.), e. g. Don't get smart with me, young man, or I'll slap your face. 4) bright in appearance, new looking, as a smart house (car, garden, ship, etc.), e. g. They've painted their cottage yellow and it looks so smart 5) elegant, as a smart dress (hat, shoes), smart clothes (society), e. g. I say, you do look smart. a smart alec(k) an impudent person who thinks he is clever, e. g. He's a smart alec(k). smarten up v to get you act together, e. g. The manager told the workers to smarten up and increase their weekly output. 2. exchange n giving one thing and receiving another in its place, e. g. That was a fair exchange. There was an exchange of notes between the two countries. Our flat was small, so we got an exchange. in exchange, e. g. You've lost my book, so I'll take yours in exchange. to get (give) smth in exchange (for smth), e. g. Roberta expected to get Fred's obedience in exchange for all her care. They were given a better flat in exchange for their old one. exchange vt to give one thing and receive another thing for it, as to exchange glances (views, classes, greetings, opinions, prisoners, etc.), e. g. As the coat was a bad fit, he decided to exchange it. Let's exchange seats. to exchange words (blows) to quarrel, to fight, e. g. The boys exchanged blows and went their ways. Syn. swap/swop (informal), e. g. I want to sit where you're sitting. Shall we swap round? 3. guilt n the fact of having done wrong, e. g. There is no evidence of his guilt. A strong sense of guilt was written all over his face. a guilt complex, e. g. With such strict parents it's no surprise that the boy has a guilt complex. Syn. blame, e.g. He is the kind of man who always tries to shift the blame onto the others. Syn. fault, e. g. She loves him in spite of his faults. to find fault with smb (smth) to find smth wrong with smb, e. g. She's always finding fault (with everybody). Syn. to pick on smb for smth wrong, e. g. Whose fault is it? It is entirely your fault that we are late. You are picking on me. through no fault of one's own, e. g. It happened through no fault of my own. through no fault of mine (hers, his, ours, etc.), e. g. Your Honour, I've been out of work through no fault of mine for two years. Ant. merits. guilty a having committed a crime, having done wrong, e. g. It is better to risk saving a guilty person than to condemn an innocent one. Ant. innocent, guiltless to be guilty of (doing) smth, e. g. The woman was guilty of giving false testimony. to find smb guilty (innocent), e. g. the jury found the prisoner guilty. (to have) guilty conscience, a guilty look, smile, etc., e. g. No matter how hard he tried to prove that he was innocent, his guilty look betrayed him. to look (feel, sound, etc.) guilty, e. g. Though Tom did not look guilty, Aunt Polly was sure he was telling a lie. to plead (not) guilty (not) to admit the charge at a law-court, e. g. Why should I plead guilty to something I didn't do? The defendant pleaded (not) guilty. 4. trust n 1) belief in the goodness, justice, strength of a person or thing. to have (put, repose) trust in smb (smth), e. g. A child usually has complete (perfect) trust in his mother. Put no trust in him. Ant. mistrust 2) a combination of business or commercial firms, e. g. "Shell Oil" is a powerful oil trust. betray smb's trust, win smb's trust trust vt/i 1) to have faith and confidence in, e. g. I trust him completely. He's not a man to be (who is to be) trusted too far. Don't trust him an inch. I don't trust him at all. to trust to chance (to luck), e. g. Don't trust to chance. to trust to one's memory, e. g. A forgetful man should not trust to his memory but should write things down in his notebook. 2) to give into the care of Syn. to entrust to entrust smth to smb (formal), e. g. Can I (en)trust the keys to Jack? We entrusted our life to a physician. to entrust smb with smth (formal), e. g. Can we entrust him with the task? 3) to give as a task or duty, e. g. I am afraid he is too young to be entrusted with the job. Can we entrust the task to him ? 4) to allow a person without misgivings or feeling of doubt to do smth to trust smb to do smth, e. g. Can we trust him to finish the experiment? trustful a full of trust; not suspicious, e. g. It's a good thing to be trustful, but only up to a point. Syn. trusting trustingly adv in a trustful manner, e. g. The child trustingly put his hand in mine. trustworthy a worthy of trust; reliable, e. g. He is an honest and trustworthy fellow. You can always rely on him. 5. effect n 1) immediate result, that which is produced by a cause, e. g. She turned pale at his words and he was frightened by the effect they had produced. to be of little (much, no) effect, e. g. The protest was of no effect. to be to no effect, e. g. My persuasion was to no effect; she refused to go. 2) influence, e. g. The children were suffering from the effects of the heat Scientists study the effect of chemicals on each other. to have (produce) an effect on smb, e. g. Ithink the medicine will have no effect (a good effect) on him. 3) performance, execution, as to take effect, go into effect, e. g. The law (treaty) will take effect in May. to be in effect to be in operation (of a rule or law), e. g. The law is still in effect. to bring (carry) into effect (about a plan, a law, a decision, etc.), e. g. The plan was brought (carried) into effect. 4) impression produced, as a pretty effect (of a painting); wonderful cloud effects to be calculated for effect to be intended to impress people, e. g. His whole behaviour is calculated for effect. to talk for effect to impress the hearers, e. g. Don't lay much store by his words, he only talked for effect. effective a 1) having effect (эффективный), as effective measures, an effective action, remedy, e. g. The method has proved effective. 2) producing a striking impression, as an effective picture (hat, scheme of decoration, etc.). Ant. ineffective efficient a competent, performing duties well, as: an efficient secretary (workman, officer, army, staff of teachers, etc.) efficiently adv, e. g. The business is efficiently run. 6. jerk vt/i to pull or move suddenly, e. g. The door jerked open. The boy jerked the fish out of the water. Ant. shove, e.g. He shoved the door open and walked in. The fisherman shoved the boat into the water. Syn. twitch vt/i to move jerkily and usually uncontrollably, to pull at smth with a sudden jerk, e. g. Jane's face twitched with terror at the sight of the crazy woman. The wind twitched the paper out of her hand. Jane's lip twitched angrily. jerk n a sudden quick pull; spasmodic movement, e. g. The old car started with a jerk. The train made a jerk and stopped. physical jerks (colloq.) physical exercises, e. g. Do you do your physical jerks regularly? Ant. shove n a vigorous push, e. g. Fred gave the boat a shove which sent it far out into the water. Syn. twitch n a sudden pull or jerk, a sudden and usually un-.controllable movement of some part of the body, e. g. The twitch of her lips suggested a state of extreme annoyance. jerky adv (with sudden stops and starts), e. g. He walked down the street in a queer jerky way. Ant; smooth, even. 7. promote vt 1) to give higher position or rank, e. g. He was promoted lieutenant (or to be lieutenant). A pupil is promoted from one form (grade, class) to the next if his progress is satisfactory. 2) to encourage; to support; to help to grow or develop, e. g. We promoted the campaign for banning nuclear tests. I think we ought to promote that scheme. promotion n 1) advancement to higher rank, e. g. He was given a promotion and an increase in salary. He hopes to get (win, gain) a promotion soon. 2) support, helping along to success, e. g. The doctors were busy in the promotion of a health campaign. 8. sound a 1) healthy; in good condition, as a sound mind, body, heart, person, constitution; sound teeth, fruit, etc, e. g. A sound mind in a sound body. In spite of her age every tooth in her head is sound. James Forsyte was composed of physiological mixture so sound that if he had an earache he thought he was dying. (as) sound as a bell quite healthy, e. g. There's nothing the matter with me, I'm as sound as a bell. safe and sound not harmful or injured, e. g. We reached home safe and sound. Her father returned safe and sound from the war. 2) not worn out; free from injury or defect, as a sound ship, wine, wall, construction, machine, etc., e. g. The building is of sound construction. 3) dependable; reliable; free from error, as sound morals, views, people, relationships, criticism, common sense; a sound person, reason, etc., e. g. My friend gave me a piece of sound advice. Soames had a reputation for sound judgement. I am convinced that sound-thinking citizens will never vote for this candidate. 4) safe, as a sound economy, business, business firm, financial position, investment, etc., e. g. The economy of the country is sound. 5) capable and careful; competent, as a sound lawyer, scholar, tennis player, etc. 6) complete; thorough, as a sound whipping, (thrashing, flogging), sleep, knowledge, etc., e. g. I am such a sound sleeper that sometimes I don't hear the alarm clock. soundly adv in a sound manner, e. g. I slept soundly all night. 9. stake n that which is pledged, e. g. In this dangerous affair the stake was his own life. to put smth at stake (very rare) to expose to the possibility of injury 6r loss, e. g. The accusation put the man's life at stake. to be at stake to be risked, e. g. Keith Darrant knew that his own career was at stake. I cannot do it, my reputation is at stake. stake v to stake one's life oh smth, e. g. I know he is guilty but I wouldn't stake my life on it. 10. look v; also, look here interj. used for drawing attention before making a statement, often angry, e. g. Look here, I don't mind you borrowing my books, but you ought to ask me first. to look about to look in several different directions, e. g. Looking about (the room) I could see no sign of life. to look down on/upon to have or show low opinion, e. g. The school looks down on such behaviour. to look on to watch instead of doing something, e. g. Two men stole the jewels while a large crowd looked on. to look out to take care, e. g. You'll catch cold if you don't lookout. one's own look-out (informal) smb's own concern or responsibility, e. g. It's your own look-out whether you pass or fail. . to look up (informal) to find and visit someone, e. g. If I'm ever here on business again I'll look you up. to look up to to respect someone, e. g. Every child needs someone to look up to and copy. READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES 1. a) Consult a dictionary and transcribe the following words from the text. Practise their pronunciation paying attention to stresses: unanimous, corroborative, appreciation, naked, aridity, iota, subsequent, contraband, sheriff, circumstantial, persevering, unmitigated, aisle, exit, caliber, perspire, distaff, executive, inferiority, gavel, conduct (v, n), minute, indict, loosen. b) Listen to your partners' reading of the above exercise. Correct their mistakes. 2. Read out the following word combinations paying attention to the phonetic phenomena of connected speech (assimilation, the linking “r”, the sonorant between two vowels, lateral and nasal plosions, the loss of plosion): where a man ought to get a square deal; the enormity of her offense; so long in a case like that; putting a man's life at stake; the jury seemed to be attentive; to get rid of her own guilt; no doubt signing it with his left hand; white men cheat black men; and placed them on the table; I was reluctant to take off my eyes; received almost unanimous critical acclaim; unbuttoned his vest, loosened his tie; it came crashing down on her afterwards; one more thing before I quit; watching Atticus walk into the street; indicted on a capital charge. 3. Single out the communicative centres and make them prominent by tone and (tress in the following sentences: 1. When Judge Taylor appointed Atticus Finch, an experienced smart lawyer and a very clever man/he was sure that Atticus would not win the case, he could not win it... 2. "In our courts, when it is a white man's word against a black man's, the white man always wins." 3. "... whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash..." 4. "The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this court-room is." 5. "I have nothing but pity in my heart for the chief witness for the state." 6. "We know all men are not created equal in the sense some people would have us believe — some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they were born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others, some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of most men." 4. Complete the following sentences: 1. No matter who he is, he... . 2. No matter who told you that.... 3.... no matter who you are. 4. No matter what I do... . 5. No matter what it may seem.... 6. ... no matter how well he knows the facts. 7. No matter how fine the weather was.... 8.... no matter what it might be. 9. No matter how hard she tried.... 10.1 feel nothing but..". 11. The girl was conscious of nothing but.... 12. They were afraid they would have nothing but... 5. Combine the following sentences into one: Model: I don't care who this man is. I must tell him not to interfere. No matter who this man is, he mustn't interfere. a) 1. It doesn't matter who told you about it. Don't believe it. 2. Somebody may come. You must be ready to receive him. 3. It is not important which of you will carry out this task. It must be done without delay. 4.1 don't think she must take these facts for granted. Somebody might tell her about them. 5. She doesn't care who helps her with her work. She never feels obliged. Model: a) I don't care how late you may come. Ring me up. I'll be expecting your call. No matter how late you come, ring me up. b) She may say anything. Don't believe it. No matter what she says, don't believe it. b) 1. Andrew would come very late. His wife would always sit up for him. 2. He does a lot of things. He always does them thoroughly. 3. She is hard to please. She will always find fault with everything I do. 4. You may suggest this or that it will make no difference. He will always object. 6. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use the speech patterns (p. 45): 1. Atticus Finch was never afraid to speak with his children on very complicated topics. 2. She is very lonely and is very glad when somebody comes to see her. 3. Atticus Finch said that any man who tried to take advantage of a Negro's ignorance was trash. 4. They tried to spend as little as possible, yet they could not save enough money. 5. You may say whatever you like, yet he will have his own way. 6. I'm too tired and am going to bed. I'm not at home if anybody calls. 7. I'm afraid only of the dark. 8. He did not know the material. He knew only some points which were of no importance. 9. The only thing I'd like to have now is a cup of very hot strong tea. 7. Make up two sentences ofyour own on each pattern. Make up and act out in front of the class a suitable dialogue using the speech patterns. (Pair work) 8. Translate the following sentences into English using the speech patterns: 1. Кто бы ни был этот человек, он не имел права так поступать. 2. Врач всегда должен быть внимателен, кто бы к нему ни обратился, какой бы странной ни казалась жалоба пациента. 3. Она всегда готова помочь, кто бы ни попросил ее о помощи. 4. Что бы ты ни говорил, я все равно тебе не верю. 5. Аттикус Финч знал, что он проиграет процесс, как бы он ни старался доказать, что Том Робинсон невиновен. 6. Как бы она ни устала, она имеет обыкновение убирать, квартиру, прежде чем лечь спать. 7. Его лицо не выражало ничего, кроме негодования. 8. Только операция может спасти вашего сына. 9. Скажите ему правду, ничего кроме правды, как бы тяжела она ни была. 10. Мы слышали только легкий шум. 9. Note down from the text (p. 40) the sentences containing the phrases and word combinations (p. 46) and translate them into Russian. 10. Complete the following sentences: I. 1 understand that it's only his word against mine but... . 2. 1 ... to get a square deal in this court. 3. Douglas was half way through his presentation when... . 4. ... in private... . 5. You must be stark raving mad to ... . 6. ... remaining time. 7. At one time or another... . 8. ... in part... . 9. Under the circumstances... . 10. In itself... . 11. ... no better than... .12. She was reluctant... . II. Make up two or three sentences of your own on each phrase and word combination. 12. Using the phrases make up a suitable dialogue and act it out in front of the class. 13. Translate the following sentences into English using the phrases and word combinations: 1. Вы выступаете против того, что утверждает он, но это все слова, вы не приводите никаких доказательств. 2. Финч хотел, чтобы с обвиняемым поступили справедливо. 3. Не делайте замечание своему сыну при людях, поговорите с ним наедине. 4. Надо быть совершенно сумасшедшим, чтобы отказаться от такой возможности. 5. Я хочу использовать оставшееся время, чтобы обсудить с вами вопрос с глазу на глаз. 6. Я частично с вами согласен, что в любом случае должен это сделать, однако при данных обстоятельствах мне не хотелось бы воспользоваться его затруднительным положением. 7. Само по себе его предложение интересно, но оно не лучше вашего. 8. В чем вы его обвиняете? — Он солгал и не очень-то хочет в этом признаваться, что плохо само по себе, более того, он упорно повторяет эту ложь. 14. Answer the questions and do the given assignments: a)1. Where is the scene set? 2. What was Tom Robinson charged with? 3. Why did Judge Taylor appoint Atticus Finch to defend him? 4. In what way did Atticus Finch speak to the jury and why? 5. What did Atticus Finch say about the case? 6. What did Atticus Finch say about Mayella Ewell? 7. What did the girl do to get rid of her own guilt? 8. What were the witnesses for the state sure of when giving their testimony? 9. What was the evil assumption of the witnesses for the state? 10. What did Atticus Finch say about people not being created equal? 11. Why didn't Atticus Finch believe firmly in the integrity of their courts and in the jury system? b) 1. To what literary mode does this excerpt belong, e. g. the realistic novel, science fiction, fantasy, etc.? 2. Point out the sentences employed in the text to convey concise information cornpactly. 3. List the words from the passage which belong particularly to the vocabulary of a lawyer. 4. How would you describe the basic style of the passage, e. g. formal, colloquial, etc.? 5. Select some of the words or phrases which are slightly unexpected in the present context thus giving a personal character to the narration. 6. Point out details which add a dramatic flavour to the extract. 7. What is the purpose of ora- tory? What is Atticus's aim? 8. Sum up your observations and say what peculiarities of the text testify to its belonging to oratorical style. What devices help the author keep the reader in the state of expectation? c) 1. As you know, in its leading features oratorical style belongs to the written variety of language, though it is modified by the oral form of the utterance. Say what features of 1) the written variety, 2) the spoken variety of language are present in Atticus's speech. 2. Find points of opposition between concepts. What do they call this device employed by the author? 3. How are the details piled up to create a state of suspense and to prepare the reader for the only logical conclusion of the utterance? 4. What kinds of repetition does Atticus resort to? Observe how the oratorical character of the writing is assisted by the repetition. 5. How is emotional appeal achieved? (metaphors, similes, periphrasis, epithets, etc.) 6. Make your specific interpretation of "first". 7. Point out the sentences employed in the text to convey concise information about the jury system at the time of the writing of the text. 15.Explain what is meant by: with what seemed to be appreciation; this was the equivalent of him standing before us stark naked; no minute sifting of complicated facts; to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt; evidence has been called into serious question on cross-examination; my pity does not extend so far as to her putting a man's life at stake; the unmitigated temerity; confident that you, gentlemen, would go along with them on the assumption that all Negroes lie. 16. Give a summary of the text. 17. Retell the text a) close to the text; b) as if you were one of the characters prerent in the court-room. 18. a) Make up and act out dialogues between: 1. Atticus Finch and Judge Taylor before the trial. 2. Atticus Finch and Judge Taylor after the trial. 3. Scout and Jem discussing the trial. b) Legality is only one aspect of the question of right and wrong . Everyone has his or her own beliefs which do not always conform to current laws. Can Judge's personal beliefs interfere in interpretation and application of the law? Write an account of your findings. VOCABULARY EXERCISES 1. Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian. 2. Translate the following sentences into Russian: A. 1. When Jean and Henry left the night club in his smart car, they took the road that cut through the woods. 2. Anthony saw Jean drive at a smart speed in her two-seater. 3. Captain Nicholas looked upon it as a smart piece of work on Strick-land's part that he had got out of the mess by painting the portrait of Tough Bill. 4. For a long time there was silence. When Andrew and Ben did speak again, it was merely to exchange war experiences. 5. Steve exchanged the house in the suburbs of London for a flat in a smart neighborhood. 6. "I hardly know her, really," said Cherry. "Just exchanged a few conventional remarks at one time or another." 7. To the usual question "Do you plead guilty?" Anthony replied in a quiet and deliberate voice "Not guilty, my Lord." 8. Don't try to shift the blame onto me, it's not my fault. 9. It is an equal failing to trust everybody and to trust nobody. 10. Old Len used to say: "Put your trust in God". 11. Elizabeth couldn't trust herself not to laugh. 12. Trust him to make a mistake! 13. Little Jack can't be trusted out of my sight. He's so naughty. B. 1. The display of wealth was calculated for effect. 2. It was an effective rejoinder and reduced his opponent to silence. 3. Can you speak about the effect of demand upon supply? 4. Jane pulled the curtain aside with a hasty jerk, threw the window open and leaned out. 5. Peter jerked his head back and angrily walked away. 6. His mouth twitched with repressed laughter. 7. Within a year he was promoted from assistant derk to head clerk. 8. The company's commercials and other promotion materials boosted the sales. 9. Her constitution is as sound as a bell, illness never comes near her. 10. No sound reason can be given for his conduct. 11. No matter how hard the situation might be Lisa would never undertake anything that would put her reputation at stake. 12. Look before you leap, (proverb). 13. After hard work during a week Paul was looking forward to a decent night's sleep. 14. "If you come to England look in on us, you know our address", insisted Steve. 15. Rachel merely looked on and did nothing. 16. Business in their company is looking up. 17. Margaret looks down in her mouth at anyone who hasn't a title. 18. "You know what I mean. You look like a million dollars", Mary said with a happy smile. 19. Old Emily would stand on the porch looking out for the postman. 20. He was definite that he would look back in an hour's time. 3. Give the English equivalents for the following phrases: быстрая ходьба, энергичная атака, фешенебельное общество, элегантная женщина, шикарная машина, сообразительный парень, ловкая сделка, толковый ответ, шустрый ребенок, расторопный слуга, самоуверенный наглец, дерзкий ответ, аристократический район; обменять покупку, взамен, поменять квартиру, обменяться взглядом (мнениями), обмен информацией; чувствовать себя виноватым, казаться виноватым, виноватая улыбка, нечистая совесть, виноватый вид, признать кого-то виновным; доверять кому-л., поручить что-то кому-л., доверить свою жизнь врачу, оставить (доверить) ключи соседям, полагаться на память, полагаться на случай, доверчивый человек, заслуживающий доверия; хорошо (плохо, мало, сильно, быстро) подействовать на кого-л. (что-л.), действие жары (света, холода) на кого-л. (что-л.), вступить в силу, оставаться в силе, ввести в действие, осуществить план, рассчитанный на эффект, эффективный метод, сильнодействующее лекарство, действенные меры, эффектное платье, квалифицированный секретарь, квалифицированный преподавательский состав, умелый работник; рывком открыть дверь, выдернуть рыбу из воды, дернуться (o поезде), трогаться с места рывком, отдернуть руку, нервное подергивание лица, подергиваться (о частях лица), рот дрогнул в улыбке, лицо исказилось от гнева (ужаса), засунуть что-л. в карман, столкнуть лодку в воду, отодвинуть стол к стене, толкаться; получить повышение, способствовать реализации плана, содействовать проведению (избирательной) кампании, развитию дружбы и сотрудничества; крепкий организм, здоровое сердце, в здоровом теле здоровый дух, крепкие зубы, целый и невредимый, прочная конструкция, прочное основание (фундамент), здравый совет, обоснованный довод (причина), здравые взгляды, правильная мысль, здравомыслящий человек, правильная оценка положения, здравая политика, твердое финансовое положение, глубокий сон, основательные знания; рисковать жизнью, за его честность я ручаюсь своим добрым именем, быть кровно заинтересованным в чем-то, рисковать всем, биться о заклад; побереги себя, потупить взор, рассматривать проблему, "Берегите себя" (при прощании), заняться вопросом, отступать поздно, осматривать дом, он лезет на рожон, выходить на набережную (о фасаде, окнах), отвести взгляд, просмотреть тесты (бумаги, газету и др.), искать таланты, обратиться к кому-л. за помощью, смотреть свысока. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the essential vocabulary: 1. Bob Ewell laid the blame on Tom Robinson. 2. He is an impudent fellow who thinks he is clever. 3. Are you sure our arguments will influence him? 4. World festivals, congresses, exchanges help to further understanding between nations, 5. I think his advice 19 wise and reasonable. 6. He pulled out the knije that was stuck in the wood. 7. You should not believe him, he's dishonest.-8. You look very neat and trim in that new shirt. 9. Mary and Ann didn't actually fight but they certainly spoke to each other very rudely. 10. Your only bad point is that you won't do what you're told. 11. The firemen acted quickly because lives depended on what happened. 12. He paid her a visit when he got into town. 5. Choose the right word: a) guilt, fault, blame 1. John's attempt to shift the ... onto his companion met no response. 2. His... are accepted as the necessary compliment to his merit. 3. The colonial system bears the ... for the present-day backwardness of some African states. 4. The boy is punished for the slightest... . 5. If anything had gone wrong, I would have had to take the .... 6. The evidence against the accused was so incontrovertible that he had to admit his.... b) jerk, shove, twitch 1. The boys ... the chairs and tables from the centre of the room. 2. The train made a sudden ... and stopped. 3. The dog's nose ... as it passed the butcher's shop. 4. A strong gust of wind ... the letter from the girl's hand. 5. Jane's face ... with terror at the sight of the crazy woman. 6. Fill in the correct form of the phrasal verb: 1. Look ... for the rain. 2. Look ... before crossing the street. 3. Ella asked her mother to look... her home and children while she was going to Exeter to look ... a suitable job. 4. I hitfe his way of looking... on people. 5. She was absorbed in a book 'and didn't even look ... when I called her. 6. Ann was looking ... to meeting her old fellow-students whom she had not seen for many years. 7. Review the essential vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English: 1. Находчивые ответы студентов понравились экзаменатору. На выпускном вечере все девочки выглядят очень нарядными в своих светлых платьях. 2. Туристы любят обмениваться значками и стараются получить в обмен что-нибудь новое. 3. В комнате слышался страшный шум — это ссорились Даглас и Кен. 4. Я чувствую себя виноватой, что так долго испытывала ваше терпение. 5. Ты обвиняешь меня в том, что я приехала слишком поздно, но ведь ты сама назначила этот час, так что это не моя вина. 6. У нее есть недостатки, но у кого их нет! 7. Опять ты придираешься ко мне, но это случилось не по моей вине. 8. Целью защиты является доказать невиновность обвиняемого в том случае, когда он действительно невиновен. 9. Этот ребенок очень трогательно верит вновь обретенному взрослому другу. 10. Кажется, я потерял ключ. — Это на тебя похоже! 11. Надеюсь, все обошлось хорошо. 12. Не принимай эти слова на веру. 13. К сожалению, лекарство подействовало очень слабо. 14. Когда Эйлин услышала грубые слова Фрэнка, ее лицо исказилось от возмущения. 15. Машина резко затормозила, беглец выскочил и скрылся в ближайшем дворе. 16. Резко дернув головой, Фрэнк ринулся в драку. 17. На днях Дейв получил повышение, вся семья очень гордилась им. 18. В первые дни войны Питеру присвоили звание сержанта. 19. От качества рекламного материала в значительной степени зависит успех реализации нового товара на рынке сбыта. 20. Предложение Дюжина было разумным, при сложившихся обстоятельствах Совет директоров вынужден был принять его. 21. "Возвращайся домой целым и невредимым", просила мать сына, провожая в дальнюю дорогу. 22. Каувервуд знал, что ставит на карту свое будущее, но у него не было выбора. 23. Арнольд был кровно заинтересован в коммерческом успехе данной сделки. 24. Маленькая Джейн научилась находить незнакомые слова в словаре и очень гордилась этим. 25. Комната для гостей в доме мистера Линвхана выходила окнами на море. 26. Г-н Хикман даже не поднял головы, когда главный бухгалтер вошел в кабинет. 27. Через две недели истекал срок испытательного периода, и Линда станет полноправным сотрудником компании. Она так ждала этого дня! 8. Give the Russian equivalents for the following: a) A fair exchange is no robbery A fault confessed is half redressed. b) Make up and act out the stories illustrating the given proverbs. CONVERSATION AND DISCUSSION COURTS AND TRIALS TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1. Courts: trial Courts, common pleas courts, municipal and county courts, mayors' courts, courts of claims, courts of appeals, the State Supreme Court. The Federal courts, district courts, the US Supreme Court, juvenile court. 2. Cases: lawsuit, civil cases, criminal cases, framed-up cases. 3. Offences: felony, misdemeanour, murder, manslaughter, homicide, rape, assault, arson, robbery, burglary theft/larceny, kidnapping, embezzlement bribery, forgery, fraud, swindling, perjury, slander, blackmail, abuse of power, disorderly conduct, speeding, petty offence, house-breaking, shoplifting, mugging, contempt of court, subpoena. 4. |