Методичка Усвят НД. Российской федерации гоу впо алтайский государственный университет международный институт экономики, менеджмента и информационных систем в экономик
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Part I
Task 1. Read and translate the text. Traditional interpretation There are a variety of views about this term. Traditionally the term “management” refers to the set of activities and often to the group of people involved in four general functions, including planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities. All these four functions are highly integrated and interrelated. Another interpretation Some writers, teachers and practitioners say that the above view is rather out –of- date and that management needs to focus more on leadership skills, e.g., establishing vision and goals, communicating the vision and goals and guiding others to accomplish them. They also say that leadership must be more facilitating, participative and empowering in how visions and goals are established and carried out. Some people say that this really isn’t a change in the management functions but a new look at certain aspects of management. Another common view is that “management” is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employee’s efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations. To most employees, the term “management” probably means the group pf people (executives and other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In nonprofit organizations, the term “management” might refer to all or any of the activities of the board, executive director and\or program directors. Vocabulary facilitating – стиль управления, основанный на стремлении помочь participative - стиль управления, основанный на участии в чем-л. empowering – дающий возможность или право что-л. сделать vision – видение, представление efforts – усилия Task 2. Give English equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions: практик, профессионал правление директор распорядитель работник, служащий некоммерческая организация навыки руководство администратор, руководитель утверждать, заявлять стиль управления, основанный на участии в чем-либо Task 3. Answer the following questions.
Task 1. Read and translate the text. A number of different terms are often used instead of the term “manager”, including “director”, “administrator” and “president”. The term “manager” is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies. So whom do we call “manager”? In its broad meaning the term “managers” applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system. A personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization. Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance. Sales manager is responsible for selling of goods. A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market. Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk. Management is a variety of specific activities. Management is a function of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system at any managerial level is characterized in terms of these general functions. Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager’s direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and preference for active tasks. The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture which can determine how managers are trained how they lead people and how they approach their jobs. The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible leading people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative, that is make decisions without asking their manager. hierarchy – иерархия to delegate authority – передавать полномочия Task 2. Answer the questions:
Task 3. Mark the following sentences as True or False.
Task 1. Read and translate the text. There is a classic definition that “Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right”. A more standard definition is usually something like “managers work toward the organization’s goals using its resources in an effective and efficient manner”. In a traditional sense, large organizations may have different levels of managers, including top managers, middle managers and first-line managers. Top (or executive) managers are responsible for overseeing the whole organization and typically engage in more strategic and conceptual matters, with less attention to day-to-day detail. Top managers have middle managers working for them and who are in charge of a major function or department. Middle managers may have first-line managers working for them and who are responsible to manage the day-to-day activities of a group of workers. Note that there are different types of managers across the same levels in the organization. A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project, e.g. development of a new building. A functional manager is in charge of a major function, such as a department in the organization, e.g., marketing sales, engineering, finance, etc. A product manager is in charge of a product or service. Similarly, a product line manager is in charge of a group of closely related products. General managers are in charge of numerous functions within an organization or department. Task 2. Correct the following statements.
Task 1. Read and translate the text. There are four major functions of managers: planning, organizing, leading and coordinating. What managers do is the following:
including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc.
to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new departments, human resources, office and file systems, re-organizing business, etc.
including to set direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also influence people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction (vision, values, and goals) and using methods to pursue that direction.
the organization’s systems, processes and structures to reach effectively and efficiently goals and objectives. This includes constant monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures accordingly. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, measures to avoid risks etc. Vocabulary staffing planning – планирование кадрового обеспечения performance management – управление производительностью file system – система регистрации и хранения Task 2. Answer the questions:
Task 3. The table shows four main roles of managers: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Below the table is a list of management functions. Write each function under the correct heading.
Management functions communicating with staff, comparing results with targets, deciding strategy, empowering staff to take decisions, identifying change, managing resources, monitoring quality standards, motivation, putting systems in place, setting objectives, taking on new staff, team-building supervision, time management Task 4. Defining management. Here are some definitions of management and the role of managers. Complete the sentences with words from the box. Assembling, controlling, financial (x2), goals, human (x2), information, innovation (x2), leadership, leading, marketing, material (x2), organization (x2), organizing , planning (x2), process (x2), resources (x2).
Task 1. What do managers think of their staff? McGregor (1960) said there were two opposing views, Theory X and Theory Y.
Theory X managers believe that people dislike work. Work is necessary because if you do not work you cannot live. People are naturally lazy. They prefer to be directed. So managers have to tell their subordinates what to do. Managers have to organize the workers and pressure them to do things. The manager’s job is to think about the goals of the organization then make workers realize the goals. Subordinates want security. They want managers to organize and control everything. So Theory X managers are authoritarian. Managers are the bosses. They decide the goals and give orders. They direct everything, from the top down. Theory Y is more or less opposite to Theory X. Theory Y managers believe that people like work. Work is necessary because people want to work to feel happy. People are naturally industrious. They prefer to participate in decision-making. Managers discuss with their subordinates what to do. Managers organize communication channels with the workers and listen to their opinions. The manager’s job is to establish the goals of the organization with the workers, so that together they can realize the goals. Subordinates want managers to involve them, to delegate decision-making, to allow them autonomy. Theory Y managers are team-oriented. They trust their subordinates. The organization is less hierarchical and more creative. 1. Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. True/False 2. Theory X is a more traditional description of management/worker relations. True/False 3. Theory Y is typical in hierarchical top-down organizations. True/False 4. Theory Y managers tell workers what they want. True/False Workers do it. 5. Theory X managers are authoritarian True/False 6. Theory Y workers are lazy and don’t want to work. True/False 7. For Theory X workers, work is natural. True/False 8. Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. True/False
communication control cooperation creativity direction modern orders participation security traditional work is a necessity work is natural
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