Understanding the law ВСЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ. The Royal Courts of Justice Vocabulary List

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IV. Explain the use of Perfect forms in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. 
   These rules and Codes of Practice have done much to remove the serious disquiet which resulted from a number of sensational cases, where it had been possible to prove later that confessions which defendants had made to crimes were, in fact, untrue.
   
2. 
   At one end of the scale police officers will be trying to catch the major international drugs smugglers and dealers; at the other, they must handle the distressing cases of those who have become addicted to the most dangerous drugs and have turned to crime to pay for them.
   
3. 
   The police have always had wide powers of arrest and search.
   
4. 
   The headquarters of the Metropolitan force has for many years been at New Scotland Yard. This had been the site of a residence owned by the Kings of Scotland, and the courtyard became known as Scotland Yard.
   
5. 
   He had been completely blind since an accident in his youth, and, following his brother, was for 26 years in charge of the tiny unofficial force of ‘policemen’ in London.
   

Speaking

Exercises

I. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Explain why.

1. 
   Keeping law and order, justices of the peace employed thief-takers.
   
2. 
   Robert Peel’s idea of maintaining law and order provoked much public discussion which resulted in creating the first professional metropolitan force.
   
3. 
   The first police force was blamed for infringing civil liberties.
   
4. 
   Captain Kendall of the Montrose was not fully convinced that Crippen and Le Neve were on board but telegraphed his suspicions through to Quebec police.
   
5. 
   Under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act if the behaviour of police officers amounts to a criminal offence, they may be disciplined, but never prosecuted.
   

II. What do you make of the article? Answer the questions about the text.

1. 
   What is the basic police mission?
   
2. 
   What are the powers of the police?
   
3. 
   How did the police force as a law enforcement body arise and develop?
   
4. 
   What are the main police branches in British police forces?
   
5. 
   Why was Interpol set up?
   
6. 
   What does “walking the beat” mean?
   
7. 
   What have the British police come under criticism for? Has the criticism proved to be justified?
   
8. 
   Why do the British people tend to have a love-hate relationship with their police?
   
9. 
   What is the necessary condition for using the power to search property or inspect bank accounts?
   
10. 
    How does the law protect the citizens against the abuse of police power?
    
11. 
    How do CID officers differ from police officers of other specialist branches of the force?
    
12. 
    What is a “false complaint” like?
    
13. 
    How does a career of a young policeman begin?
    
14. 
    What is the course of police training like?
    
15. 
    Can you explain why an innocent person sometimes admits to the offence he has not committed?
    
16. 
    What factors account for the high level of development of the British police force?
    
17. 
    Are there any drawbacks in the work of the police force in GB?
    
18. 
    Is there a real necessity for police to cooperate with criminals in their efforts of combating crime?
    
19. 
    Is providing the police with a large amount of power justified?
    
20. 
    Is the police force in GB really so perfect as we have read about in the text?
    

III. Draw up the plan for rendering the text and then summarize it.

IV. Discuss the following issues. What do you think of it?

1. 
   How should common people behave when being interviewed by police?
   
2. 
   Should the police take severe measures and use violence when questioning dangerous criminals?
   
3. 
   Will it be useful for our country to use mounted police?
   

V. Find the information in the Internet (photos, video, documents etc.) on the following themes and make presentations in class.

1. 
   Formation of police forces in Russia.
   
2. 
   It’s very important to explain to people how to protect themselves against criminals and terrorists. What should be done about it?
   
3. 
   Compare the militia in Russia and the police forces in Great Britain and the USA.
   

Chapter IX
Solicitors
Vocabulary List
1. solicit (v) – просить, ходатайствовать; вести дела в качестве адвоката

2. solicitor – солиситор, стряпчий, юрисконсульт

3. partner – партнёр

4. associate solicitor – (младший) юрист (должность)

5. litigation – судебный процесс

6. commercial – торговый, коммерческий

7. conveyancing – составление нотариальных актов о передаче недвижимости

8. licensing – лицензирование

9. probate – доказывание завещания; утверждение завещания

10. common sense – здравый смысл

11. adviser – консультант, советник

12. experience – опыт

13. recorder – протоколист, регистратор

record [ri'ko:d](v) – записывать, протоколировать, фиксировать

record ['reko:d](n) – запись, протокол, досье, дело

14. on call – по первому вызову, по первому требованию

15. bequeath – завещать недвижимость

16. plead the cause – заявлять основание иска, пледировать

17. right of audience – право выступать в суде

18. appear robed – носить мантию, быть одетым в мантию

19. gown – мантия

20. wig – парик

21. brief (v) – инструктировать адвоката, поручать ведение дел адвокату

22. legal executive - . юрист-исполнитель

23. managing clerk – секретарь-управляющий

24. issue a writ – издать судебный приказ

25. file a document – подавать документ (в суд)

26. practising certificate – разрешение на право заниматься профессиональной деятельностью

27. spot-check – выборочная проверка на месте

28. audit – аудит

29. comply (with smth.) – подчиняться, соблюдать правила

30. exemption – льгота, освобождение (от ч.-л.)

31. conversion – изменение

32. take a conversion course – приобрести другую профессию

33. take a legal practice course – пройти курс юридической практики

34. training contract – договор обучения

35. accounts – бухгалтерский учёт

36. professional conduct – профессиональная этика
Vocabulary Notes
Queen’s / King’s Counsel – королевский адвокат

the Law Society – Коллегия адвокатов (солиситеров) Великобритании

Practice Direction – Инструкция по проведению судебной процeдуры
Reading Comprehension

Exercises
1. Scanning.

1. Look through the whole chapter and find what range of legal work solicitors usually deal with.

2. Find the description of solicitors’ dress code.

3. Is there any professional body governing the activity of solicitors?
II. Skimming.

1. Look through the section ‘Solicitors and Barristers’ and decide which of the following statements is correct:

a. The solicitor usually gives instructions to the client

b. The solicitor briefs the barrister on the client’s problems

c. The barrister briefs the solicitor before the court hearing
2. Look through the first part of the text and say whether the following statements are correct.

a. Solicitors never deal with criminal cases

b. It is barristers who usually act as legal advisers to their clients

c. Detailed recording of a case is the job for a solicitor

d. A ‘high street’ solicitor is the same as a family solicitor
Vocabulary Work

Exercises
I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own based on the text.
1. probate; 2. bequeath; 3. conveyance; 4. asylum; 5. appear robed; 6. comply with; 7. professional conduct; 8. lounge suit; 9. brief the barrister; 10. carry out a spot-check; 11. answer the description; 12. 'high street’ solicitor.
II. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own based on the text.
1. здравый смысл; 2. с отрывом от работы; 3. без отрыва от работы; 4. увольнение по сокращению рабочих мест; 5. бухгалтер; 6. право выступать в суде; 7. парик; 8. бухгалтерский учёт; 9. льгота; 10. издать судебный приказ; 11. судебный процесс; 12. профессиональная этика.
III. Match the expressions on the left (A) with their proper translation on the right (B).
A B

1. practising certificate а. ходатайствовать

2. audit b. по первому вызову

3. legal executive c. опыт

4. plead the cause d. младший юрист

5. on call e. пледировать

6. solicit f. распоряжаться имуществом клиента

7. associate solicitor g. подавать бумагу в суд

8. handle clients’ property h. аудит

9. experience i. разрешение на занятие профессиональной деятельностью

10. file a document j. юрист-исполнитель
IV. Guess the concept of the following definitions.
1. The person who creates and organises a record of what happens in a case, so that the whole case may be understood by those who need to do so.

2. Someone whose job is to give advice because they know a lot in a subject.

3. The work done by a lawyer to change the possession of immovable property from one person to another.

4. An amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc.

5. Someone who pays for services or advice (from a lawyer).
V. Give definitions of these words. Use the dictionary. Suggest word combinations in which these words can be used.
1. “high street” solicitor; 2. political asylum; 3. magistrates’ court;

4. training contract; 5. the .Law Society
VI. Match the words on the left (A) with their definitions on the right (B) and give their Russian equivalents.
A B

1. solicitor a. Someone whose job it is to keep and check financial accounts.

2. barrister b. Someone who is being trained for a job.

3. conveyance c. A lawyer in Britain who can argue cases in the higher law courts.

4. licence d. To officially arrange for someone to have something that you own after your death.

5. trainee e. A statement that something is true, although it has not been proved.

6. claim f. A legal document that gives property from one person to

another.

7. redundancy g. All of someone’s property and money, especially everything that is left after they die.

8. probate h. An official document giving you permission to own or to do something for a period of time.

9. writ i. An amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc.

10. loan j. The process of taking claims to a court of law, in a

non-criminal case.

11. bequeath k. The legal process of deciding that someone’s will has been properly made and can be carried out.

12. accountant l. A situation in which someone has to leave their job becausethey are no longer needed.

13. estate m. A type of lawyer in Britain who gives advice and does the necessary work when property is bought and sold, and defends

people in lower courts of law.

14. litigation n. A document from a court that orders someone to do or not to do something.
VII. Read the following nouns pronouncing them correctly:
advocate, conduct, contact, contract
Find the corresponding verbs and study their correct pronunciation. What is the difference in the pronunciation of a noun and the corresponding verb? Do you know any other similar pairs of words?

VIII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
1. Solicitors act as legal advisers, but they are also the side of legal profession whose job it is to provide detailed records of a process as it progresses.

2. Solicitors may be fortunate enough to have some ideal clients, but not every client has a family fortune to protect or bequeath.

3. It may not be long before solicitors will be given the same rights of audience as barristers.

4. The Law Society is the professional body to ensure that solicitors work properly.

5. Everyone who does not have some special exemption and who wishes to qualify as a solicitor must also take a legal practice course and must then enter into a two-year training contract with a firm of solicitors.
IX. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions from the box.

on behalf of (on smb’s behalf) (2); in (3); of (4); to (2); for (1); with (3); from (1); by (1); after (1)

1. At one time solicitors were people who were paid to solicit ______ their clients ______ the Court of Chancery.

2. It is essential that solicitors should have a good knowledge ______ the law.

3. As recorders, solicitors are expected to organise a record ______ what happens ______ a case.

4. Family solicitors are sometimes thought ______ as ‘country solicitors’.

5. Family solicitors are sometimes referred ______ as ‘high street solicitors’.

6. Very often solicitors assist employees and employers ______ cases involving allegations ______ unfair dismissal, or claims ______ redundancy payments.

7. As advocates, solicitors actually go ______ court and present and argue cases ______ their clients’ ______ .

8. Solicitors must comply ______ certain rules made ______ the Law Society as to how they should look ______ their clients’ money and assets.

9. The solicitor’s relationship ______ a client is usually more personal than that ______ a barrister.

10. Anyone ______ a degree ______ law will receive exemptions ______ certain examinations and move quickly ______ a legal practice course.
X. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
1. Когда солиситоры ведут дела в судах высших инстанций, они должны надевать мантию.

2. Доказывание завещания – это юридическая процедура, в результате которой устанавливается правильность составления завещания.

3. Предполагается, что адвокат-стажёр в ходе своей стажировки в адвокатской фирме получит практический опыт в нескольких, как правило, в пяти, областях права.

4. Если клиент подаёт жалобу на адвоката, она должна быть рассмотрена независимой комиссией, которая может порекомендовать Коллегии адвокатов принять санкции (меры) по отношению к этому адвокату.

5. Обычно солиситор выбирает барристера, подходящего для данного дела, а в наиболее сложных случаях помогает ему представлять и доказывать дело в суде.
Grammar Revision

Exercises
I. Find the following phrases in the text:

Litigation: preparing cases to be tried in civil or criminal courts.

But not every client has a family fortune to protect or bequeath.
Translate them into Russian paying special attention to the infinitives underlined. What parts of the sentences are they? What kind of infinitive is it?
II. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. There are a number of questions to be considered.

2. This is the procedure to be followed.

3. The next case to be investigated is very difficult.

4. There are always so many more things to be attended to.
III. Now translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. I have a lot of work to do.

2. We have no time to lose.
Why is an active infinitive used here?
Speaking

Exercises
I. Say whether each of these statements is true or false. Correct the wrong statements if any.
1. The work of solicitors actually started in XIX century.

2. Associate solicitors have a share in the firm’s profit.

3. Sometimes solicitors represent foreign nationals who are claiming asylum in their country.

4. Solicitors never take part in drawing commercial contracts.

5. Today solicitor advocates are allowed to appear in the Crown Court and in the High Court.

6. When solicitors conduct cases in higher courts they wear lounge suits, if women, dark-coloured suits or dresses.

7. Barristers always have to find solicitors for their clients.

8. The Law Society is responsible for the training of solicitors.

9. The work of solicitors does not require any academic qualifications.
II. Answer these questions.
1. What is the function of solicitors in society?

2. Do they work separately (on their own) or as partners with other solicitors?

3. Enumerate the types of work solicitors usually do.

4. What fields of law can family solicitors specialise in?

5. What must solicitors be able to do as advisers? As recorders?

6. Why do you think family solicitors are thought of as ‘country’ solicitors?

7. Why do you think they are sometimes referred to as ‘high street’ solicitors?

8. What sorts of problems can ‘high street’ solicitors deal with?

9. Can solicitors present and argue their clients’ cases in court? What kinds of courts can they appear in?

10. In what manner should solicitors be dressed when appear in court?

11. How do solicitors and barristers work together?

12. Who are legal executives?

13. What is the professional body for solicitors?

14. What is it responsible for?

15. Is a university degree necessary for becoming a solicitor?

16. Describe the course of training for those wishing to qualify as a solicitor without having special exemptions.