Theory of translation
 Скачать 397.98 Kb.
|
|
ZOYA PROSHINA THEORY OF TRANSLATION (ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN) 3d edition, revised Vladivostok Far Eastern University Press 2008 ББК 81.2-923 П 78 Рецензенты: В.П.Кочетков, канд. филол. наук, профессор; Элизабет Стэнсиу (языковой редактор), магистр гум. наук, волонтер Корпуса мира Прошина З.Г. П 78 ТЕОРИЯ ПЕРЕВОДА (с английского языка на русский и с русского языка на английский): Уч. на англ. яз. – Владивосток: Изд-во Дальневост. ун-та, 2008 (3-е изд., перераб.), 2002 (2-е изд., испр. и перераб.), 1999 (1-е изд.) ISBN 5-7444-0957-2 Учебник по теории перевода предназначен для студентов переводческих отделений. Созданный на основе типовой программы по переводу, он раскрывает такие разделы, как общая и частная теория перевода; последняя основывается на сопоставлении английского и русского языков. Может быть рекомендован студентам, преподавателям, переводчикам-практикам и всем тем, кто интересуется вопросами изучения иностранных языков и перевода. П 4602000000 ББК 81.2-923 180(03)-99 (С) Издательство Дальневосточного университета ISBN 5-7444-0957-2 2008 CONTENTS ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 3 PART I. GENERAL ISSUES OF TRANSLATION 4 CHAPTER 1. What Is Translation? 4 § 1. TRANSLATION STUDIES 4 § 2. SEMIOTIC APPROACH 5 § 3. COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH 7 § 4. DIALECTICS OF TRANSLATION 9 § 5. TRANSLATION INVARIANT 11 § 6. UNIT OF TRANSLATION 12 Chapter 2. TYPES OF TRANSLATION 13 § 1. CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA 13 § 2. MACHINE TRANSLATION 14 § 3. TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING 15 § 4. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION 19 Chapter 3. EVALUATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSLATION 20 § 1. ADEQUATE AND EQUIVALENT TRANSLATION 20 § 2. LITERAL TRANSLATION 21 § 3. FREE TRANSLATION 23 § 4. THE CONCEPT OF ‘UNTRANSLATABILITY’ 24 CHAPTER 4. Translation Equivalence 26 § 1. TYPES OF EQUIVALENCE 26 § 2. PRAGMATIC LEVEL 27 § 3. SITUATIONAL LEVEL 28 § 4. SEMANTIC PARAPHRASE 29 § 5. TRANSFORMATIONAL EQUIVALENCE 30 § 6. LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE 30 § 7. THE LEVELS OF EQUIVALENCE HIERARCHY 31 CHAPTER 5. Ways of Achieving Equivalence 32 § 1. TYPES OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES 32 § 2. TRANSLATION TRANSCRIPTION 33 § 3. TRANSLITERATION 35 § 4. CАLQUE TRANSLATION 38 § 5. GRAMMAR TRANSFORMATIONS 38 § 6. LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS 40 § 7. COMPLEX TRANSFORMATIONS 42 CHAPTER 6. Translation Models 44 § 1. TRANSLATION PROCESS 45 § 2. SITUATIONAL MODEL OF TRANSLATION 45 § 3. TRANSFORMATIONAL MODEL OF TRANSLATION 47 § 4. SEMANTIC MODEL OF TRANSLATION 49 § 5. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC MODEL OF TRANSLATION 50 PART III. GRAMMAR PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION 51 Chapter 1. FORMAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOURCE TEXT AND TARGET TEXT 51 Chapter 2. TRANSLATING FINITE VERB FORMS 53 §1. TRANSLATING TENSE AND ASPECT FORMS 53 §2. TRANSLATING PASSIVE VOICE FORMS 56 §3. TRANSLATING THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD FORMS 58 Chapter 3. TRANSLATING NON-FINITE VERB FORMS 60 §1. TRANSLATING THE INFINITIVE 60 §2. TRANSLATING THE GERUND 64 §3. TRANSLATING THE PARTICIPLE 65 §4. TRANSLATING ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS 67 Chapter 4. TRANSLATING CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 71 §1. TYPES OF CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS 71 §2. CONSTRUCTIONS WITH CAUSAL VERBS 72 §3. CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE VERBS TO HAVE, TO GET 73 §4. CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NON-CAUSAL VERBS 74 Chapter 5. TRANSLATING PRONOUNS 75 §1. TRANSLATING PERSONAL PRONOUNS 75 §2. TRANSLATING POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 78 §3. TRANSLATING RELATIVE PRONOUNS 79 §4. TRANSLATING THE PRONOUN ONE 80 §5. TRANSLATING THE PRONOUNS КАЖДЫЙ / ВСЕ 81 §6. TRANSLATING PARTITIVE PRONOUNS SOME / ANY 82 §7. TRANSLATING DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS 83 Chapter 6. TRANSLATING THE ARTICLE 85 §1. TRANSLATING THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE 85 §2. TRANSLATING THE DEFINITE ARTICLE 87 §3. TRANSLATING THE ZERO ARTICLE 89 Chapter 7. TRANSLATING ATTRIBUTIVE CLUSTERS 90 §1. FEATURES OF THE ATTRIBUTIVE PHRASE 90 §2. TRANSLATING THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLUSTER. 91 Chapter 8. SYNTACTIC CHANGES IN TRANSLATION 94 §1. COMMUNICATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN SENTENCE 94 §2. WORD ORDER CHANGE DUE TO THE FUNCTIONAL SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE 96 §3. SENTENCE PARTITIONING AND INTEGRATION 98 Chapter 9. DIFFERENCE IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PUNCTUATION 100 §1. PRINCIPLES OF PUNCTUATION IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN 100 §2. DIFFERENCES IN COMMA USAGE 101 §3. USING THE DASH 103 §4. USING QUOTATION MARKS 104 §5. USING THE COLON AND SEMICOLON 104 §6. USING THE ELLIPSES 105 PART IV. SEMANTIC PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION 107 Chapter 1. WORD CHOICE IN TRANSLATION 107 §1. TYPES OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS 107 §2. INTERACTION OF WORD SEMANTIC STRUCTURES 108 §3. WORD CONNOTATION IN TRANSLATION 109 §4. INTRALINGUISTIC MEANING 111 §5. CONTEXUALLY-BOUND WORDS 111 Chapter 2. TRANSLATING REALIA 114 §1. CULTURE-BOUND AND EQUIVALENT-LACKING WORDS 114 §2. TYPES OF CULTURE-BOUND WORDS 114 §3. WAYS OF TRANSLATING CULTURE-BOUND WORDS 116 §4. TRANSLATING PEOPLE’S NAMES 118 §5. TRANSLATING GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS 120 §6. TRANSLATING PUBLISHED EDITIONS 122 §7. TRANSLATING ERGONYMS 123 Chapter 3. TRANSLATING TERMS 123 §1. TRANSLATION FACTORS 123 §2. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE 126 §3. TERMS IN FICTION AND MAGAZINES 128 Chapter 4. TRANSLATOR’S FALSE FRIENDS 130 Chapter 5. PHRASEOLOGICAL AND METAPHORICAL TRANSLATION 132 §1. METAPHOR AND THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT 132 §2. INTERLINGUAL METAPHORIC TRANSFORMATIONS 133 §3. WAYS OF TRANSLATING IDIOMS 135 §4. CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATING IDIOMS 137 Chapter 6. METONYMICAL TRANSLATION 139 §1. DEFINITIONS 139 §2. LEXICAL METONYMIC TRANSFORMATION 140 §3. PREDICATE TRANSLATION 141 §4. SYNTACTIC METONYMIC TRANSFORMATIONS 143 Chapter 7. ANTONYMIC TRANSLATION 144 §1. DEFINITION 144 §2. CONVERSIVE TRANSFORMATION 144 §3. SHIFTING NEGATIVE MODALITY 145 §4. REASONS FOR ANTONYMIC TRANSLATION 146 Chapter 8. DIFFERENCES IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH WORD COMBINABILITY 147 §1. REASONS FOR DIFFERENCES IN WORD COMBINABILITY 147 §2. TRANSLATION OF ADVERBIAL VERBS 149 §3. TRANSLATING CONDENSED SYNONYMS 151 Chapter 9. TRANSLATING NEW COINAGES: DIFFERENCES IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH WORD BUILDING 152 §1. COMPOUNDS 152 §2. CONVERSION 154 §3. AFFIXATION 156 §4. ABBREVIATION 158 PART V. PRAGMATIC PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION 161 Chapter 1. TRANSLATION PRAGMATICS 161 §1. CONCEPT OF PRAGMATICS 161 §2. TEXT PRAGMATICS 162 §3. AUTHOR’S COMMUNICATIVE INTENTION 164 §4. COMMUNICATIVE EFFECT UPON THE RECEPTOR 168 §5. TRANSLATOR’S IMPACT 171 Chapter 2. SPEECH FUNCTIONS AND TRANSLATION 172 §1. LANGUAGE AND SPEECH FUNCTIONS 172 §2. INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION AND MODALITY IN TRANSLATION. 174 §3. EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION IN TRANSLATION 180 §4. PHATIC FUNCTION IN TRANSLATION 184 §5. CONATIVE FUNCTION IN TRANSLATION 187 Chapter 3. FUNCTIONAL STYLES AND TRANSLATION 191 §1. FUNCTIONAL STYLE, REGISTER: DEFINITION 192 §2. TRANSLATING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STYLE 192 §3. TRANSLATING BUREAUCRATIC STYLE 197 §4. TRANSLATING JOURNALISTIC (PUBLICISTIC) STYLE 201 Chapter 4. RENDERING STYLISTIC DEVICES IN TRANSLATION 205 §1. TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS AND SIMILES 206 §2. TRANSLATION OF EPITHETS 208 §3. TRANSLATION OF PERIPHRASE 210 §4. TRANSLATION OF PUNS 211 §5. TRANSLATION OF ALLUSIONS AND QUOTATIONS 214 Chapter 5. TRANSLATION NORMS AND QUALITY CONTROL OF A TRANSLATION 215 §1. NORMS OF TRANSLATION 215 §2. QUALITY CONTROL OF THE TRANSLATION. 220 Chapter 6. TRANSLATION ETIQUETTE 224 §1. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, ETIQUETTE, AND PROTOCOL 224 §2. CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 224 §3. PROTOCOL CEREMONIES 227 APPENDIX 1. 229 Russian-English Transliteration Chart 229 APPENDIX 2. 233 Russian-English-Chinese Transliteration Chart 233 |