Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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В. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу: префиксы micro-, mini- (микро-, мини-) microscope — микроскоп, microscopic — микроскопический computer, chip, electronics, fiche, film, phone, processor, wave, organism; minimum — минимум, minimal — минимальный, minimize — минимизировать, сводить к минимуму computer, screen, tour, bus, skirt, -sized. Упражнение 11. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова. computer, supercomputer ['sju:pakam'pju:ta], general ['(fcenaral], millions, electron, electronics, electronic instru ment, electronically controlled machines [ma'Jknz], airplane, globe ['glaub], millimeter, center, operation, components [kam'paunants], materials [ma'tiarialz], laboratory [l9'boratari], modern, seconds, physical ['fizikal], limit, specialists ['spejialists], photons ['fautonz]. Упражнение 12. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов. race [reis], usage ['juizicfe], device [di'vais], circle ['sa:kl], world [wa:ld], circuit ['sa:kit], undoubtedly [An'dautidli], require [ri'kwaia], quality ['kwoliti], quantity ['kwontiti], purity ['pjuariti], produce [pra'dju:s], throughout [Gru'aut], reliable [ri'laiabl], whole [haul], perform [pa'fo:m], simultaneously [,simal'teinjasli], basic ['beisik], available [a'veilabl], research [ri'sa:tf], expect [iks'pekt]. СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ according to adv — согласно, соответственно available а — доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении beam п — луч built-in p.p. — встроенный by means of prp — посредством, при помощи calculation п — вычисление generation п — поколение go on v — продолжать (ся) machine-tool п — станок matter п — дело, вопрос ordinary — обыкновенный perform v — выполнять, делать, исполнять quality п — качество reliable а — надежныйcapable a — способный circuit n — схема, цепь close a — близкий, тесный complete v — завершать control — управлять, контро лировать depend on v — зависеть от fast a — быстрый require v — требовать(ся) speed n — скорость surround v — окружать task n — задание, задача up to prp — вплоть до usage n — использование whereas conj — тогда как, в то время как Техт 5А Прочитайте текст и прокомментируйте его заголовок. Прав ли автор, дав такой заголовок? Найдите в тексте соответствующие факты. Переведите. Is there an End to the Computer Race? Today the word «electronics» is in general usage. Millions of people have electron watches. There are a lot of various radio and TV sets, video cassette recorders and CD players in our houses. In factories and plants we are surrounded with electronically con trolled machines and instruments, we are carried by airplanes, ships, trains and cars with built-in electronic devices, and satellites circle the globe. In other words, we are living in an electronic world. And the center of this world is a tiny silicon plate1 of a few square millimetres, an integrated circuit2, or a chip3, as it is more commonly known. The integrated circuit is undoubtedly one of the most sophisticated4 inventions of man, science and technology. It is in the heart of every electronic device and the more cassette re corders, TV sets and computers we need, the more integrated cir cuits are required. When we speak about a further development of computers we mean not only quantity, but also high technology5 and high speed. As the operation of an integrated circuit depends on microscopic «components», the purity of all materials and the cleanness at the plant they are produced at must be of the highest quality. A con tinuous search is going on in laboratories throughout the world for more perfect, reliable and high speed electronic circuits. In the past it took6 scientists and researchers a whole lifetime to make a few thousand calculations, whereas for a modern computer this task is a matter of a few seconds. At present computers capable of performing billions of operations a second are required. Super computers are different from ordinary computers. The ordinary computer does the computations operation by operation, while the supercomputer operates like a brain: all operations are being done simultaneously. In the next few years engineers will complete the work on com puters of above 2 billion operations a second. It will take a few more years to produce a 10-billion operations computer. The fifth-generation computers performing 100 billion operations a second will become available in the near future. Is there an end to this race? According to some researchers, we are close to what can be re garded as a true physical limit. But other specialists think that pho tons will make the operation a thousand times faster. This means that in the future it will be possible to expect the appearance of photon computers and that computations will be done by means of light. Light has several advantages over electronics: light beams are faster, travel in parallel lines and can pass through one another without interference7. Already, the optical equivalent of a transis tor has been produced, and intensive research on optical-electronic computers is being carried out in a number of countries around the world. In a few decades a new age of light may replace the still youthful electronic age. The race is going on. Notes to the Text
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