Учебник для бакалавров. Учебник для бакалавриата по направлению Юриспруденция

• Название: Учебник для бакалавриата по направлению Юриспруденция
• Дата: 31.05.2022
• Размер: 1.2 Mb.
• Имя файла: Учебник для бакалавров.docx
• Тип: Учебник; #560451
• страница: 9 из 62

UNIT 1. LEGISLATION IN RUSSIA

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. 
   What do you know about legislation? What is the aim of legislation?
   
2. 
   What bodies in your country are responsible for making laws?
   
3. 
   What would our country be like if there were no laws or rules to follow?
   

TEXT

Legislation in Russia Vocabulary

1. 
   under the doctrine of the separation of powers – согласно принципу разделения властей
   
2. 
   to create legislation – заниматься законотворческой деятельностью
   
3. 
   the lower house – нижняя палата
   
4. 
   he upper house – верхняя палата
   
5. 
   to have special powers – обладать особыми полномочиями
   
6. 
   to hear annual reports – заслушивать ежегодные отчеты
   
7. 
   to decide the issue of confidence in the government – решать вопрос о доверии правительству
   
8. 
   announcement of amnesty – объявление амнистии
   
9. 
   to adopt a decree – принять постановление
   
10. 
    to charge smb with smth – возложить на кого-либо что-либо
    
11. 
    the introduction of martial law – введение военного положения
    
12. 
    a state of emergency – чрезвычайное положение
    
13. 
    the Higher Arbitration Court – Высший Арбитражный Суд
    
14. 
    the Accounting Chamber – Счетная Палата
    
15. 
    to approve/reject amendments – одобрять/отвергать поправки
    
16. 
    to form a conciliation commission – сформировать согласительную комиссию
    
17. 
    to reach a compromise – достигнуть компромисса
    
18. 
    to insist on passing the bill – настаивать на принятии законопроекта
    
19. 
    to override a veto – преодолеть вето
    
20. 
    to deliver an annual address – выступить с ежегодным обращением
    

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Under the doctrine of the separation of powers legislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government. Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to proscribe, to provide funds, to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict.

The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is the lawmaking body of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, 1993. It consists of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the upper house. Both houses are located in Moscow.

The State Duma has special powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia. They are:

• 
  consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister of Russia;
  
• 
  hearing annual reports from the Government of the Russian Federation on the results of its work, including issues raised by the State Duma;
  
• 
  deciding the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia;
  
• 
  appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber;
  
• 
  appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, who shall act according to federal constitutional law;
  
• 
  announcement of amnesty;
  
• 
  bringing charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment (requires a two thirds majority);
  

The State Duma adopts decrees on issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Decrees of the State Duma are adopted by a majority of the total number of deputies of the State Duma.

The Federation Council together with the State Duma are charged with drafting and voting on laws. Special powers of the Federation Council are:

• 
  Approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law;
  
• 
  Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a state of emergency;
  
• 
  Deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Declaring elections of the President of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Approving the President's nomination of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Approving the President’s nomination of the Attorney General of the Russian Federation;
  
• 
  Appointment of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber.
  

To pass the law more than half of senators of the Federation Council must vote for it. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Council’s votes are required for passage.

All bills must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make amendments to bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers may form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If the two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the

bill as it is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden if two thirds of the Duma’s constitutional composition vote in favour of the bill. The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when the President of the Russian Federation delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly and on some other very rare occasions.

2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания из текста.

1. 
   to create legislation
   
2. 
   a lawmaking body
   
3. 
   to have special powers
   
4. 
   a dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia
   
5. 
   to bring a charge against the President
   
6. 
   to adopt decrees on issues
   
7. 
   introduction of the martial law
   
8. 
   approval of changes
   
9. 
   special powers of the Federation Council
   
10. 
    to reject a bill
    
11. 
    the possibility of using the Armed Forces
    
12. 
    to make amendments to bills
    
13. 
    the Accounting Chamber
    
14. 
    to override the veto
    
15. 
    to form a conciliation commission
    

2. Найдитевтекстеанглийскиеэквивалентырусскимсловамисловосочетаниям.

1. 
   законодательная деятельность
   
2. 
   законодательный орган
   
3. 
   нижняя палата
   
4. 
   верхняя палата
   
5. 
   перечислять полномочия
   
6. 
   заслушивать ежегодные отчеты
   
7. 
   уполномоченный по правам человека
   
8. 
   принимать закон
   
9. 
   чрезвычайное положение
   
10. 
    одобрение указа Президента
    
11. 
    прийти к компромиссу
    
12. 
    отвергнуть поправки к законопроекту
    
13. 
    назначение на должность
    
14. 
    проголосовать за законопроект
    
15. 
    принцип разделения властей
    

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. 
   What is the main legislative body in the Russian Federation? What does it consist of?
   
2. 
   What powers of the State Duma are enumerated in the Constitution?
   
3. 
   What are the main special powers of the State Duma?
   
4. 
   What are the most important special powers of the Federation Council?
   
5. 
   What route must a bill pass to become a law?
   

6. Используя текст, заполните схему, отражающую процесс принятия закона в России.

Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be introduced by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the

Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences.








44
If the Federation Council rejects the bill _{To pass the billof}

7. Используя текст и схему упражнения 6, расскажите о законодательной власти в Российской Федерации.

8. 
   Заполните пропуски словами и словосочетаниями из рамки.
   

1. bring charges against 2. elects 3. draft laws 4. the lower house 5. vetoed

6. issues 7. approve or reject 8. to override a presidential veto 9. the upper house

10. appoint or dismiss 11. appointment

1. 
   The 628-member law-making body, termed the Federal Assembly, consists of two chambers, the 450-member State Duma … and the 178-member Federation Council … .
   
2. 
   The State Duma confirms the … of the Prime Minister, although it does not have the power to confirm Government ministers.
   
3. 
   The two chambers of the legislature also have the power … of legislation.
   
4. 
   Upon the advice of the prime minister, the president can … Government members, including the deputy prime ministers.
   
5. 
   Under the 1993 constitution, if the president commits "a grave crime" or treason, the State Duma may … him with the parliament’s upper house, the Federation Council.
   
6. 
   Several bills that the President had … were taken up again by the new legislature.
   
7. 
   The Federation Council deals primarily with such … as internal borders and decrees of the president establishing martial law or a state of emergency etc.
   
8. 
   All … even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma.
   
9. 
   According to the 1993 Constitution, the State Duma must decide within one week to … a candidate once the president has placed that person’s name in nomination.
   
10. 
    Each legislative chamber … a chairman to control the internal procedures of the chamber.
    

9. Замените русские слова и выражения в скобках соответствующими английскими эквивалентами.

1. 
   The State Duma (принимает постановления) on (вопросам) referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Decrees of the State Duma are adopted by a majority of the total number of deputies of the State Duma, unless another procedure is envisaged by the Constitution. All (законопроекты) are first (одобряются) by the State Duma and are further debated and approved (or (отклоняются)) by the Federation Council.
   
2. 
   (Государственная Дума) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the (Федерального Собрания) of Russian (законодательного органа), the upper house being the (Совет Федераций) of Russia.
   
3. 
   The president (назначает) the prime minister, and the Duma (голосует) whether to confirm the appointment. The president has wide legislative powers, including the (право вето) and decree. Decrees carry the force of law, but may not violate existing law. The Federal Assembly may (преодолеть президентское вето) by a two-thirds vote of each house.
   
4. 
   (Законодательная деятельность) originates in the Duma and, if passed, is sent to the Federation Council. If the Federation Council approves the legislation or fails to examine it within fourteen days, the legislation is sent to the President to be signed.
   
5. 
   When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Federation Council have to (проголосовать). If the Council vetoes a law passed by the State Duma, the two chambers are mandated to form a (согласительную комиссию) in order to (прийти к компромиссу) and make up a document, which would again go under vote by both houses.
   
6. 
   The two chambers of the Federal Assembly (заседают раздельно), with the State Duma residing in another part of Moscow. Sessions of the Federation Council are held in Moscow from January 25 to July 15 and from September 16 to December 31.
   
7. 
   The State Duma has special powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia. Among them there is the power to (выносить обвинение) against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment.
   

10. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя слова и словосочетания из текста.

1. 
   Высший орган законодательной власти в России – Федеральное Собрание – состоит из двух палат: верхней и нижней.
   
2. 
   Верхняя палата именуется Советом Федерации, нижняя – Государственной Думой.
   
3. 
   Совет Федерации и Государственная Дума проводят заседания раздельно, каждая палата имеет свои полномочия.
   
4. 
   В России действует принцип разделения властей.
   
5. 
   Первоначально закон принимается простым большинством в Государственной Думе, затем рассматривается Советом Федерации.
   
6. 
   В том случае, если между палатами возникают разногласия, палаты формируют согласительную комиссию.
   
7. 
   Для преодоления вето в каждой из палат закон должен быть одобрен не менее чем 2/3 голосов.
   
8. 
   Законодательная деятельность в Российской Федерации регулируется Конституцией Российской Федерации.
   
9. 
   В течение 14 дней Президент может отклонить закон, то есть наложить на него вето, и вернуть обратно в Государственную Думу.
   
10. 
    Законопроект обсуждается на заседаниях Государственной Думы, в текст законопроектов вносятся поправки, изменения, дополнения.
    

11. Самостоятельная работа. Прочитайте раздел Конституции, посвященный законодательной ветви власти в России, и найдите ответы на вопросы.

1. 
   Who are the members of the Federation Council?
   
2. 
   Who does the State Duma consist of?
   
3. 
   What term is the State Duma elected for?
   
4. 
   Who can be elected a deputy of the State Duma?
   
5. 
   What does deputy’s immunity mean?
   
6. 
   What are the duties of the State Duma Chairman?
   
7. 
   What are the duties of the Speaker of the Federation Council?
   
8. 
   What are the responsibilities of committees and commissions?
   
9. 
   What are the State Duma and the Federation Council entitled to do if the President rejects a federal law?
   
10. 
    In what cases may the State Duma be dissolved by the President?
    

Повторение грамматики. Cистема времен английских глаголов в пассивном залоге (The System of Tenses. Passive Voice).

12. Замените в предложениях глагольные формы в активном залоге на пассивные, как указано в примерах, и переведите их.

MODEL'>Examples:
MODEL 1. First, the State Duma considers all bills.

First, all bills are considered by the State Duma (usually, always).

MODEL 2. First, the State Duma considered all bills.

First, all bills were considered by the State Duma (yesterday, two days ago, the day before yesterday).

MODEL 3. First, the State Duma will consider all bills.

First, all bills will be considered by the State Duma (tomorrow, in a week, in a month).

1. 
   A majority of the total number of deputies of the State Duma adopts decrees of the State Duma.
   
2. 
   The Constitution of Russia enumerates special powers of the State Duma.
   
3. 
   The Federation Council considered a draft law yesterday.
   
4. 
   The State Duma overrode the veto of the Federation Council two weeks ago.
   
5. 
   The President will sign the bill tomorrow.
   
6. 
   If necessary, the two chambers form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation.
   
7. 
   The State Duma will pass the bill in a few months.
   
8. 
   The Federation Council rejected the bill yesterday.
   
9. 
   The State Duma and the Federation Council will vote for the draft law the day after tomorrow.
   
10. 
    The State Duma has the power to bring charges against the President.