Аракин, 2 курс, решебник. Учебнику Практический курс английского языка
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Ex. 64, р. 471 1. I'm suggesting that you should marry me, Midge. 2. She must be picking cherries in the orchard, tell her to come into the house. 3. "Well," said Emily with calm, "you needn't get into such fusses when we tell you things." 4. Is it necessary, do you think, that the police should know about it? 5. You needn't be afraid of him. He's a kind old man. 6. It is essential that he should be prepared for it. 7. Soft music filled the room. "That must be a gramophone record," thought he. 8.1 propose that the prize should be divided. 9. Oh, I don't know. It's really rather odd that he should ever have been taking her to the Ball.
shall, will Ex. 65, p. 472 In older English shall was often used with second and third person subjects in threats, promises and warnings or to express obligation. It is now very unusual. 1. Shall is used to express either a threat or a warning. 2. Promise. 3. Threat or warning. 4. Promise. 5. Obligation. The sentence is an order. 6. Promise. 7. Shall is used to ask for instructions. 8. Promise. Ex. 66, p. 472 Comments In sentences 1—3 will serves to express willingness to perform the action or is just a future auxiliary verb. 4. Would serves to express unreality and is part of a predicate in the Past Conditional Mood. 5. Will you...? is used here to express a casual request. The speaker is not concerned about politeness. 6. If + will is used to express a request. Will means are willing to. 7. Would you mind + gerund is used to express a very polite request. 8. A polite request. 9. Will you is used to give an order to someone the speaker has authority over. 10. Casual request. 11. Unwillingness to perform the action. 12. Consent.
15. Would + like serves to express a wish. The second would is used to make a request. 16. // you would means if you are willing to. It is used to express a polite request. 17. Emphatic refusal to perform an action in the past. 18. Wish + noun/pronoun + would expresses irritation caused by someone's refusal to perform the desired action. 19. Here will serves to express a supposition. 20. Would is used to show that the action is a recurrent one. 21. Won't + Simple Infinitive is used to show that the inanimate thing in question (my lighter) fails to perform its function. Translation 1. Я дам тебе знать, чтобы ты смог там быть. 2. Я скажу тебе, что это такое. 3. Я извинюсь перед Маргарет за твое от сутствие. 4. Если бы это была девочка, я бы назвала ее в честь моей матери. 5. Выйди на террасу, посмотри на закат. 6. Про шу прощения. Боюсь, мне надо идти к жене. 7. Артур, не мог ли бы вы посмотреть, вернулась ли миссис Эрлин? 8. Я хочу, чтобы у меня была твоя фотография. Дай мне, пожалуйста. 9. Попросите их подозвать мой экипаж. 10. Иди, полистай вон тот альбом с фотографиями. 11. Отныне я с тобой не разгова риваю. 12. Нет, нет! Я вернусь, вернусь, и пусть Артур делает со мной все что пожелает. 13. Но я сказал ему, что не дам отве та до завтрашнего дня. 14. Ты не хотела приходить, хотя не желала сказать этого прямо. 15. Она просит, чтобы вы позво нили ей сегодня во второй половине дня до пяти тридцати. 16. Джейн, я был бы очень рад, если бы ты сказала ему под няться наверх. 17. Я стучал несколько раз, но она так и не от крыла. 18. «Не мог бы ты хоть иногда оставлять меня одну/ оставлять меня в покое?» — сказала Дора. 19. Я полагаю, это будет последний бал сезона? 20. Он садился на край кровати и часами наблюдал за ним. 21. Я не могу без курева, а моя за жигалка, на тебе, не работает. Ex. 67, р. 473 1. Asking for instructions. 2. Consent; if you will is equivalent to if you are willing to. 3. Promise. 4. Promise. 5. A future auxiliary verb. 6. Will serves to express determination and shan't is used to express a warning. 7. Promise. 8. Won't is used to show that the lifeless thing in question, namely the umbrella fails to perform its immediate function. 9. Promise. 10. Invitation. 11. A future auxiliary verb. 12. Promise. 13. Unwillingness. 14. Invitation. 15. Shall is used to express a promise and will serves to express determination. 16. The first will expresses willingness and the second is an auxiliary verb expressing simple futurity. Ex. 68, p. 473 1. It's going to rain. Look at the clouds. 2. You are to stay here till I come back. 3. I refuse to do what you tell me. 4. I promise you an apple after dinner. 5. What are you going to do now? 6. We hope to visit all the sights of London. 7. When do you intend to learn^English properly? 8. This time next week I hope to be in St. Petersburg. 9. Would he like to listen to my singing, do you think? 10. Do you think, they mean to follow us all the way home? Ex. 69, p. 474 1. "If I see him," I said, "I'll let you know." — "I should be very much obliged if you would," said Brown. 2. But I shouldn't/ wouldn't lie about a thing like that, should/would I? 3. Would you drive us back to Campden Hill? 4. She wouldn't go in to supper with anyone but Winton. 5. If I were you, I should/ would buy that hat, I like the colour very much. 6. It's ridiculous that you should conceal it from your mother. 7. If only Henrietta would make up her mind to marry him. 8. Why should I suffer more than I've suffered already? Why should I? 9. Would you care to come to tea with us? 10. He wouldn't look at her. He shook her off gently and gently said, "We'll see about that." 11. He pressed something into her palm. "Here's a shilling in case you should need it." 12. I wonder if you would mind me laying down my umbrella. 13. Why, oh! Why should I have to expose my misfortune to the public like this? 14. He would rather listen to the others than talk himself. 15. He ordered that the horses should be saddled. 16. She would sit for hours watching the ships. 17.1 wish you wouldn't quarrel with Jessie. 18. He fully believed, had it been necessary, she would have been a genius at anything. 19. In order to make these demands effective we suggested that there should be no return to work today. 20. Why don't you want to stay another week in the country? It would do you only good. Ex. 70, p. 474 1. He suggested that the meeting should be fixed/scheduled slated for Friday. 2. We asked Mum if she would mind going fo a drive into the country. 3. I would like you not to argue with! Father. 4. Why should I help him? He can do everything himself,; he's just lazy. 5. It is strange how inconsiderate some children should be to their parents. 6. It's quite natural that students should want to know as much as possible about the nation whose language they study. 7. Would you be so kind as to wait a bit? (Would you mind waiting a bit?) Your documents aren't ready yet. 8. We wanted to know some details but he wouldn't discuss anything with us. We were disappointed. 9. The doctor insists that she should stick/keep to the diet. 10. "Shall I bring you a glass of water?" — "Yes, if you would be so kind." 11. It is necessary that each member of the club should take part in the work of its sections. 12. If she should/Should she ask you about it, tell her that I will write to her about everything myself. 13. Would you like a little soup? It's very tasty. 14. As they were having tea with lemon/Over tea with lemon Soanies said that there soon would be a war. 15. "Why should I do what I don't like?" — "It doesn't matter whether you like it or not. It should be done, and you know it." 16.1 should read for half an hour or so before going to sleep. I've got an interesting book. 17.1 should be greatly obliged to you if you would come at six. 18. How should I know what they are going to do? They never tell me anything. 19. Try as I would/No matter how hard I tried, the drawer wouldn't open. 20. The children should have stayed at home in such nasty weather. REVISION EXERCISES ON MOOD AND MODAL VERBS Ex. 71, p. 475 1. If I were as young as you are, I would/should have a walking holiday. 2. Perhaps, she wouldn't look so bad if she hadn't put on so much weight. 3. He walked slowly as though it ached to move. 4. It would be natural for him to go to sleep. 5. It seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground were varnished with ice. 6. Daddy, if you had been dressed in checked ginghams all your life, you would understand how I feel. 7. I would like to go hunting there, but I'm afraid I should never be able to bear the cold. 8. He looked like an officer. Anyone would have been proud to be seen off by him. 9. He repaid me the half-crown as though it had been borrowed yesterday. 10. The girls wouldn't have thought so much of him if they had seen him then. 11. The young lady was evidently American and he was evidently English: otherwise I would have guessed from his impressive air that he was her father. 12. If England swept away her hedges and put in their place fences, the saving of land would be enormous. 13. Welch said it coldly as if he were asking to make some concession. 14. "I should/would be ashamed of myself, Clara," returned Miss Murdstone, "if I couldn't understand the boyoranyboy." 15* If I might suggest, I should/would say thatit would be better to put off the trip. 16. What might have happened or would have happened if Dora and I had never known each other? 17. My companion stumbled, the branch he had been holding snapped and he would have fallen if his hand had not caught another branch. Ex. 73, p. 476 1. Even if the doctor were here, he couldn't help you. 2. If it were summer we would/should have a walking holiday. 3. If only he avoided/had avoided complications! 4. If only I could keep from thinking about my troubles! 5. If you hadn't walked bareheaded, you wouldn't have caught cold. 6. But for you I should/would never have found a way out then. 7. If I could forget everything! 8. If you weren't cold, you wouldn't be shivering from head to foot. 9. If this medicine had not brought down the fever, we would/should have had to send for a doctor. 10. If Anne had passed her exams in spring, she would feel/ would be feeling a second-year student. 11. If he had followed all the doctor's instructions, he would have avoided pneumonia. 12. If the boy had known about the Centigrade thermometer, he would not have thought of death. 13. If it ached him to move, he wouldn't be walking himself. 14. If he had heard your words, he would have got offended. Ex. 74, p. 477 1.1 wish I hadn't left/forgotten the book at home. (If only I hadn't left/forgotten the book at home!) I should read this fragment to you. 2. I wish it hadn't happened. (I'm sorry it happened.) If you had been there, you might have prevented it. 3. I wish I could swim as well as you. 4. "I wish I hadn't left Capetown," Lanny thought. 5. We wished we had gone to the theatre with them. 6.1 wish we had been told what to do in such cases. (If only we had been told what to do in such cases!) 8.1 w'sh someone would call on us/drop in tonight. 9.1 wish it hadn't been so cold and we had been able to walk longer. 10. Suddenly she felt so lonely that she wished she hadn't come there alone. 11.1 wish you had followed/listened to the doctor's advice. You would be feeling/would feel much better now. 11. I wish you were interested in art. We could/might go to the exhibition together. 12.1 wish you had turned on the radio in time. You would have enjoyed listening to this programme. Ex. 75, p. 477 1. I wish you hadn't been so careless. It wouldn't have happened, if you had followed your friends' advice. 2. But for the moon it would be completely dark now. 3. He looked tired as if he hadn't had a rest for a long time. 4. I wish you knew his address, then we would be able to go and see him today. 5.1 feel as though you had never left. 6. If I were you, I would have behaved more resolutely in such a situation. 7. It could/ might have been done yesterday, but it is no use doing it (there is no point/use in doing it now). 8. I wish I had been with you when it happened. 9. "I wish my portrait could grow old and I could always remain young and handsome," said Dorian. 10. In your place anyone would have done the same thing. 11. He answered that his friend had not got the tickets though he might have if he had come to the box-office an hour earlier. 12. If there were no oxygen in the air, we couldn't breathe. 13. But for you/If it hadn't been for you, young man, I might/could have drowned. You saved my life. 14. If I were you, I would have these poems published/I would publish these poems. 15.1 am sure that he will behave as though he didn't feel any pain. Ex. 77, p. 478 1. Tell me what you would do/would have done if you were/ had been in my place? 2. But for you I would have left long ago. 3. She speaks slowly as if she were translating from a foreign language. 4.1 wish I had never met him. 5. People were standing around as if they expected something to happen. 6. I wish you would be like me for two minutes. 7. If Bob had gone out before, we would have noticed him. 8. But for the underground the traffic in Moscow would be very heavy. 9. She is looking at me as if she did not know me. 10. That would have interested me some four years ago. 11. If I had known what it all meant, I wouldn't have come. 12. It seems to me that what she refused then she would be glad to get now. 13. My dear Algy, you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. 14. But for her words my life would have taken a different course. 15. At that moment she almost wished she had not sent for him. 16. She wrote with her own hand the letters which under normal circumstances she would have dictated to her secretary. Ex. 78, p. 478 1. Why didn't you follow the doctor's advice? If you had taken the medicine he had prescribed, you would feel/would be feeling much better now. 2.1 wish I had asked the doctor when I should take the pills/when to take the pills. 3. But for/If it weren't for this medicine, I would have awful headaches. 4. Even if you had no temperature, you had better stay in bed today. 5. He looks as if he has/had a cold (as if he had caught cold). 6.1 would be (very) much obliged to you if you bought me nasal drops and something for my cough. 7.1 wish the gym were in our building. We have to waste a lot of time getting there. 8. If you had used visual aids during the lesson, it would have been much more interesting and instructive. 9. He went on telling about his trip as though it bored him to death. 10. I wish I were an expert in this subject and could help you. 11. Even if he were/had been nervous before the performance, he wouldn't show/wouldn't have shown it. Astonishing self-control! 12. But for/If it hadn't been for the prompter, the actors would have felt less confident during the first night. 13. "Would you like to have a bite/a snack before going?" — "I would love a cup of coffee and a roll." 14. She behaved calmly as though everything were all right/as though all were well and nothing had happened. 15. The old man was speaking slowly as if he were at a loss for words. 16.1 would prefer to have/I would rather have a holiday in winter. 17.1 wish it had happened when you were here. You would have been able to prevent it. 18. If I had more time, I would go to exhibitions and museums regularly. 10.1 do wish you had had time to look about the new districts of our city. Ex. 79, p. 479 Comments 1. Might serves to express a supposition implying uncertainty. 2. Couldn't expesses impossibility due to circumstances, and must denotes an obligation that seems important to the speaker. 3. Had to denotes obligation imposed by external circumstances, and was to denotes obligation due to a previous arrangement. 4. Are to serves to express an order. 5. Must expresses a supposition bordering on certainty. 6. Couldn't expresses impossibility due to circumstances, and wouldn't expresses refusal to perform the action. 7. Shouldn't is used to express a supposition based on logical probability. 8. Needn't + a Perfect Infinitive shows that the action performed was unnecessary. 9. Are to is used to show that the action is planned. 10. May is used to ask for permission. 11. Must is used to express a supposition implying very strong probability. 12. Can't serves to show that the speaker believes it highly unlikely that the action actually took place. 13. Should is used to give advice. 14. Ought to is used to express advice. 15. Couldn't serves to express inability to perform the action, have to serves to express necessity, and should is used for emotional colouring. 16. May is used to express a supposition implying-uncertainty, and have to serves to express necessity. 17. Can't is used to express prohibition, and mustn't is used to show an obligation the speaker feels very strongly about. 18. Can is used to express physical ability. 19. Л re to is used to show that the action will take place in accordance with a plan or arrangement. Translation 1. Если вы хотите познакомиться с большим количеством англичан, вам, возможно, захочется поехать в туристический лагерь. 2. Одно плохо — я не мог сдавать экзамены весной и должен делать это теперь. 3. Моим родителям пришлось уехать в экспедицию — они, как вы знаете, геологи — а меня остави ли вести хозяйство. Л.Вы должны принимать по столовой лож ке этой микстуры три раза в день. 5. В этой суматохе я, долж но быть, забыла сахарницу на полке в кухне. 6. Он не мог оп латить гостиничный счет, а кредита ему больше не давали. 7. Полагаю, этот заплыв займет у вас не намного более часа с четвертью. 8. Я зря торопился: он еще был не готов. 9. Сейчас у нас будет/должна быть лекция. 10. Можно, я посмотрю на фотографии? 11. Здесь, должно быть, какая-то ошибка. 12. «Он сказал, что из всех девушек, которые там были, ты самая хорошенькая». — «Не может быть, чтобы он говорил это серьезно» ./«Ни за что не поверю, что он действительно так думает». 13. Если вы интересуетесь церквами и исторически ми достопримечательностями, вам стоит осмотреть Вестмин стерское аббатство, парламент, собор Св. Павла и Тауэр. 14. Мне сказали, что стоило бы сходить в Британский музей. 15. Я и представить себе не мог, что, читая английскую газету, я буду вынужден искать главные статьи не на первых полосах, а в середине. 16. Если вы не будете беречься, у вас может про изойти нервный срыв и вам придется лечь в больницу. 17. Тебе нельзя входить. Я #е хочу,-чтобы ты от меня заразился. 18. Микробы, вызывающие грипп, могут существовать только в кислой среде. 19. Я слышал, завтра будут отбирать игроков для всесоюзного матча. |