Учебное пособие для бакалавриата и специалитета Ульяновск 2019 ббк 81. 432. 19я73 удк 811. 111(075. 8) Е30
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Unit 2.FamilyWarm up Exercise 1. Read and translate the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart. A family; an extended family; a nuclear family; a single-parent family; a multigenerational family; a stepfamily; a core family; a family budget; a family council; a family likeness. Exercise 2. Match the English words on the left with their Russian equivalents on the right. Learn the words by heart.
READING Exercise 3. Read and translate the text on the nature of family life. Use the dictionary when necessary. THE NATURE OF A FAMILY LIFE In every culture worldwide, the family holds a special importance. The family plays a very important role in everybody’s life. Labour achievements, mood and what is called happiness depend on family relations. There are different reasons for marriage which could be divided into two groups. The first group contains only one reason – love! When two people create a union to be together all their lives, they love each other and want to share one home, equal rights and one life. Another group of reasons may be called a marriage of convenience, it is a marriage, managed for personal gain: to have children, for money, to have someone to do housework, to get citizenship and so on. What structure does a typical modern Russian family have? The nuclear family consisting of husband, wife, and children has prevailed. Nuclear family is a term used to define a family group consisting of a father and mother and their children. The man is primary breadwinner. When the husband has the breadwinner role, the wife can devote herself to full-time care of the house and children. For their part Russian children are not usually required to share in many of their mother’s house-making duties. Instead, they are considered “dependents” until they are young adults. Another type of family is an extended one. The term extended family has several distinct meanings: a family that includes in one household near relatives in addition to a nuclear family. However, it may also refer to a family unit in which several generations live together within a single household. In an extended family, parents and their children’s families often may live under a single roof. This type of joint family often includes multiple generations in the family. In the joint family setup the workload is shared among the members, often unequally. The roles of women are often restricted to housewives and usually they involve cooking, cleaning, and organizing for the entire family. The patriarch of the family (often the oldest male member) lays down the rules and arbitrates disputes. Other senior members of the household babysit infants in case their mother is working. They are also responsible in teaching the younger children their mother tongue, manners and etiquette. The house often has a large reception area and a common kitchen. Each family has their own bedroom. The members of the household also look after each other in case a member is ill. The problem of single-parent families is very up-to-date in Russia. The average percentage of such families still grows. In single-parent families a parent cares for one or more children without the assistance of another parent in the home. Most of these unions include a single mother with her child or children. There are a number of varieties of one-parent families; those resulting from divorce, parents who never-married, as well as a widowed parent. In single parent families the other parent not living with the family may have little or no involvement in the child’s life or may be highly involved. Just like in any other country, a couple may realize that their marriage has become obsolete after a few years of living together. The final termination of a marriage, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage is called divorce. The children may stay with either their mother or father but it’s more common for mothers to keep bringing them up. After divorce, the father helps support his children till they turn 18 years old – the age when a child is considered and adult in Russia. The support comes in the form of monthly payments called alimony. Exercise 4. Consult the text and find English equivalents to the words combination. 1. создать союз; 2. причина замужества; 3. содержать детей; 4. без помощи; 5. родной язык; 6. иждивенцы/родственники; 7. xолостой; 8. расторжение брака; 9. брак по расчету; 10. платить алименты. Exercise 5. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1. The first reason for marriage is personal gain. 2. In single-parent families a parent cares for one or more children with the assistance of another parent in the home. 3. The termination of a marriage is called a divorce. 4. The term extended family refers to a family unit in which several generations live together within a single household. 5. The woman is primary breadwinner in the nuclear family. Exercise 6. Answer the following questions. 1. What do you think a family is? 2. What is a nuclear family? 3. What is a marriage of convenience managed for? 4. What is the reason for the existence of single-parent families? 5. In what type of a family does a parent take care of one or more children? 6. What does a joint family include? 7. What can a wife do when a husband has a breadwinner role? 8. What does the term extended family mean? 9. How do fathers usually support their children after divorce? 10. Who usually brings up children after divorce? Exercise 7. Give a short summary of the text. Exercise 8. Now read and translate the text on the Family Life in Britain. Use the dictionary when necessary. FAMILY LIFE IN BRITAIN The English are a nation of stay-at-home. “There is no place like home,” they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. “The Englishman’s home is his castle,” is a saying known all over the world. And it is true. A “typical” British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents. Another change has been caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives, there are many households which consist of only one person or one person and children. The contemporary British child doesn’t have a lot of companionship from brothers and sisters, because the average family has only one or two children. Most British children live with their parents at least until they finish school at the age of 17 or 18. Then many go away to college, leaving some parents sad and lonely in their empty nest and others enjoying their release from parental responsibilities. But many adults stay with their parents during their college years or return home after graduation. You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family. Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles in order to spend the holiday together. In general, each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group. Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals than they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The father is more involved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life (usually taken in August, and often abroad) many children have holidays away from their parents, often with a school party or other organized group. Who looks after the older generation? There are about 10 million old-age pensioners in Britain, of whom about 750,000 cannot live entirely independently. The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly. At the present time, more than half of all old people are looked after at home. Many others live in Old Peoples’ Homes, which may be private or state owned. Exercise 9.Match each definition with the correct word. Translate the words into Russian and learn them by heart.
Exercise 10.Choose the right answer. 1. What is a reason for increasing the number of divorces? a) family; b) grandparents; c) single parents; d) law and society. 2. What do the majority of divorced people do again? a) marry; b) divorce; c) treat; d) reunion. 3. Where is the Englishman when he is not working? a) in castle; b) at home; c) in shop; d) in town. 4. What does each generation want to establish? a) education; b) family unit; c) house; d) business. 5. In what form does the government give financial help to elderly? a) jewels; b) alimony; c) food; d) pension. 6. What type of family consists of mother, father and two children? a) typical; b) single-parent; c) extended; d) everyone. 7. What is the traditional season for reunions? a) New Year; b) Saint Valentine’s Day; c) Victory Day; d) Christmas. 8. What does the contemporary British child NOT have from brothers and sisters? a) responsibility; b) companionship; c) friendship; d) love. 9. How many pensioners are there in Britain? a) 10 million; b) 1 million; c) 750,000; d) 550,000. 10. What do children enjoy when they leave home? a) imprisonment; b) loneliness; c) release; d) companionship. COMPREHENSION Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps using the words given below, and translate the sentences into Russian. marriage single people households couples parents generations nuclear family divorce children marital ties blood relatives family 1. People can assign priority to either to … or to blood ties. 2. The once typical British family headed by two ... has undergone substantial changes during the twentieth century. 3. Many ... , mostly in their twenties or thirties, live together without getting married. 4. There has been a rise in the number of single-person ... . 5. During the transitional period prior to … , young adults often live in their parental households. 6. My brother had a lot of arguments with his wife, so they decided to … . 7. When priority is given to marital ties, the arrangement is called a … . 8. In the past, people married before they had ... . 9. By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be more ... than married people. 10. The core family consists of the spouses and their offspring; … are functionally marginal and peripheral. 11. According to Russian legislation a … is defined as “two or more persons living together and related by blood, marriage or adoption”. 12. Extended families have continuity across … in a way the nuclear family does not. Exercise 12. a) Match the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right.
b) In the sentences below replace the Russian expressions with the phrases you have got. Use these expressions in the necessary form. 1. After divorce my father (платит алименты) every month. 2. In Russia there are a lot of families where grandparents, parents and children (живут в одном доме). 3. My husband is a bread winner in our family; he works a lot, so I have to (полностью посвящать себя заботе о детях). 4. The future of a young generation (зависит от отношений в семье). 5. I live in an extended family; it (состоит из мамы, папы, меня и бабушки с дедушкой). 6. A couple may realize that their marriage (отжила своё) after a few years of living together. 7. Mary and Steve had a lot of quarrels and arguments and their marriage (закончился разводом). 8. The reasons for marriage could (делиться на две группы). 9. Grandmother (взяла ответственность за воспитание детей). 10. Mother (воспитала) three daughters and a son. Exercise 13. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence. 1. I have four siblings/cousins: three brothers and a sister. 2. When two people get married/divorce they enter into a contract with each other. 3. Nowadays many young couples prefer to concentrate on bringing up children/getting a good job. 4. He was 18 when he found out that he had been born/been adopted. 5. All the other guests at the party were couples/pairs, and I felt rather strange on my own. 6. Polly prefers to spend most of her single/leisure time in front of the television. 7. My father is a scientist. His research/house-hold is very important for him. 8. Family life/appearance means much for teenagers. 9. Men are often expected to be the breadwinner/offspring in a family. 10. There were at least three responsibilities/generations – grandparents, parents and children – at the wedding. WRITING AND COMMUNICATION Exercise 14. Write an essay on the given topics and retell it. 1. A Typical Russian Family. 2. A Typical British Family. 3. A Model of my Future Family. Exercise 15. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. 1. Семья – это основанное на браке или кровном родстве объединение людей. 2. К членам семьи относят: отца, мать, сына, дочь, брата, сестру, дедушку, бабушку. 3. Воспитание детей зависит от отношений в семье. 4. Сложная семья может включать в себя несколько брачных пар, члены которых связаны родственными узами. 5. К сожалению, в некоторых семьях отцы после развода не содержат своих детей. 6. Большинство браков заключается не по экономическому расчету, а по любви. 7. Основу семьи составляет брачный союз между мужчиной и женщиной. 8. Некоторые браки заканчиваются разводом, мать берет на себя ответственность за воспитание детей, а отец платит алименты. 9. Мужчина в браке называется мужем, или супругом, женщина – женой, или супругой. 10. Развод – формальное прекращение (расторжение) действительного брака между живыми супругами. PROJECT WORK Family relations are very important to every person. We should know and remember our roots and ancestors. Draw a family tree and present it to the class. |