Учебное пособие для бакалавриата и специалитета Ульяновск 2019 ббк 81. 432. 19я73 удк 811. 111(075. 8) Е30
 Скачать 200.39 Kb.
|
Unit 8.holidaysWarm up Exercise 1. Read and translate the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart. A festival; festivities; a celebration; a national holiday; a holy day; a religious holiday; a public holiday; a bank holiday; a day off; to congratulate; a congratulation; compliments (of the season); to commemorate; a commemoration. Exercise 2. Match the English words on the left with their Russian equivalents on the right. Learn the words by heart.
READING Exercise 3. Read and translate the text on holidays in Russia. Use the dictionary when necessary. HOLIDAYS IN RUSSIA Holiday is a day fixed by law or custom on which ordinary business is suspended in commemoration of some event or in honor of some person. It is generally an official (more common) or unofficial observance of religious, national, or cultural significance, often accompanied by celebrations or festivities. The word holiday derived from the notion of “Holy Day”, and gradually evolved to its current form. Basically in Russia there are as many official holidays as in every other country of the world. However, the interesting thing about Russian holidays is the following: they last long. Preparation for the holiday begins at least a day before it actually arrives. Then it is considered tradition to prolong the holidays if they are close to the week-end or if they just turn out to be on a Monday. So usually instead of one day off people get two or three free days. Basically Russian people can celebrate something almost every day. Sometimes there is a good reason for a big party, but no reason is needed to celebrate life by having a drink with a few friends. The official holidays often require participants to forget about their jobs and problems and just have a good time. The New Year is first on the calendar and in popularity. Many people celebrate it twice, on January 1st and 14th (which corresponds to January 1 in the Julian calendar, used in Russia before 1918). All the Church holidays are still celebrated according to the Julian calendar. One of the most important of them is Christmas Day celebrated on the 7th of January. Next is February 23rd, Soldier’s Day, known until recently as Soviet Army Day, popularly viewed as holiday for all men and closely followed by its female counterpart, Women’s Day, March 8, when women receive flowers, presents and are toasted by men. Easter in Russia is celebrated on a different date each year, just like in the West. Russians consider Easter even bigger holiday than Christmas. Easter is celebrated with painted eggs, special foods, and possibly church services. Spring and Labor Celebration dates its history back to May 1st, 1886, when the workers of Chicago went on strike and demanded that the workday be cut from 15 hours down to 8 hours. In Russia this holiday was celebrated for the first time on May 1st, 1890 as the International Workers’ Solidarity Day. In 1997 it received its current name. Russia celebrates Victory Day on May 9th to commemorate the millions fallen in World War II. Flowers and wreaths are laid on wartime graves on this day, and veterans come out into the streets wearing their military orders and medals. June 12th is Russia’s newest holiday, Independence Day, which commemorates the adoption in 1991 of the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Federation. November 4th is Unity Day, or the Day of National Unity, is a new national holiday that resembles a holiday celebrated for centuries until the Bolsheviks came to power, which recognized Moscow’s successful defense from Polish invaders. It replaces the November 7th holiday (Revolution Day), which celebrated the October Revolution. Exercise 4. Consult the text and find English equivalents to the words combination. 1. культурная значимость; 2. сопровождаться празднованиями; 3. приготовления к празднику; 4. праздновать День Победы; 5. получать подарки; 6. праздновать каждый год в разное время; 7. продлевать праздники; 8. хорошо проводить время; 9. повод для большой вечеринки; 10. в честь кого-либо. Exercise 5. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Holiday is a day on which ordinary business is suspended in commemoration of some event or in honor of some person. 2. On holidays people always get one day off. 3. The most popular holiday in Russia is Christmas. 4. Russia’s newest holiday is Independence Day. 5. Easter in Russia is celebrated on a different date each year. Exercise 6. Answer the following questions. 1. What is a holiday? 2. What types of holidays do you know? 3. What is a distinctive feature of Russian holidays? 4. Why is the New Year celebrated twice in Russia? 5. What is the most important holiday according to the Julian calendar? 6. Which holiday used to be celebrated with huge parades? 7. What holiday replaced Revolution Day? 8. What holiday is movable? 9. When do Russian people celebrate Victory Day? 10. Do people work during holidays? Exercise 7. Give a short summary of the text. Exercise 8. Now read and translate the text on public and bank holidays in the United Kingdom. Use the dictionary when necessary. PUBLIC AND BANK HOLIDAYS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Public holidays in the United Kingdom are the public holidays observed in some or all of the countries of the United Kingdom. Most businesses and non-essential services are closed on public holidays, although an increasing number of retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. Although there is no statutory right for workers to take paid leave on public holidays, where paid leave is given (either because the business is closed or for other reasons), the public holiday can count towards the minimum statutory holiday entitlement. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, public holidays are commonly referred to as bank holidays, and the two terms are often used interchangeably, although strictly and legally there is a difference. Bank holidays are holidays when banks and many other businesses are closed for the day. Public holidays are holidays which have been observed through custom and practice. The latter are often referred to as “Common law holidays”. Bank holidays may be declared in two ways: by statute (Statutory holidays) – holidays specifically listed in the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971; by Royal proclamation – this has been used for annual bank holidays created since 1971, and is also used to move a bank holiday in a given year, and to create extra one-off bank holidays for special occasions. Days referred to as holidays in other places but which do not involve formally decreed time away from work especially for that day, such as St. Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day, are not described as holidays in Australia or the UK. The number of bank holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to the number in many other European countries (only 8). Most happen on a Monday. Christmas Day (on the 25th of December) is a day when families decorate their houses with brightly coloured paper or holly, and usually have a Christmas tree. Boxing Day is traditionally a day following Christmas when people visit friends and relatives or watch one of the many sporting events and wealthy people would give a box containing a gift to their servants. Today, Boxing Day is better known as a bank or public holiday that occurs on December 26th, or the first or second weekday after Christmas Day, depending on national or regional laws. It is observed in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and some other Commonwealth nations. Good Friday commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ (the Friday before Easter Sunday, when bakers sell hot cross buns, which are toasted and eaten with butter), Easter is the first Sunday following the full Moon after March 21st . Halloween (on 31st October) is thought to be the one night of the year when ghosts, witches, and fairies are especially active. People dress up in strange costumes and pretend they are witches, cut horrible faces in pumpkins and put a candle inside. There are also some smaller and less known holidays in Great Britain. Exercise 9.Match each definition with the correct word. Translate the words into Russian and learn them by heart.
Exercise 10. Choose the right answer. 1. When are Bank holidays usually celebrated? a) on Sundays; b) on Mondays; c) on weekends; d) on weekdays. 2. When does the Good Friday take place? a) the first Friday following the full Moon in each year; b) on 31st of October; c) the Friday before Easter Sunday; d) the first Friday after 26th of December. 3. How do people celebrate Halloween? a) people celebrate this holiday at home with the family; b) people dress up in strange costumes; c) people try to make a trip; d) people cook the pumpkins. 4. What holiday is celebrated twice a year in Russia? a) Christmas; b) Easter; c) the New Year; d) Victory Day. 5. How often do we celebrate the holidays? a) several times a year; b) twice a week; c) three times in each year; d) as often as we want. 6. What holiday is accompanied by receiving lots of flowers? a) Boxing Day; b) St. Valentine’s Day; c) The New Year; d) Women’s Day. 7. What does Good Friday commemorate? a) the crucifixion of Jesus Christ; b) the resurrection of Jesus Christ; c) ghosts, witches; d) the millions fallen in World War II. 8. Which type of holidays are Easter and Christmas? a) public holiday; b) international holiday; c) religious holiday; d) unofficial holiday. 9. How do we call the holiday when British people usually have a fir-tree? a) Boxing day; b) Christmas Day; c) Good Friday; d) Easter. 10. When was Spring and Labour celebrated for the first time? a) 1886; b) 1890; c) 1991; d) 1997. COMPREHENSION Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps using the words given below, and translate the sentences into Russian. official commemorates celebrate receive in honour invitations observed events participants eve decorations days off 1. Nowadays Pancake Day is consistently … throughout Britain. 2. The … that led to the war were complex and numerous. 3. Parade … include veterans and armed forces, members of civic organizations and school children. 4. When you … a gift from someone you love, it is important to appreciate whatever it may be. 5. Despite the fact that to foreigners Russians seem to celebrate something all the time, there are only nine … holidays in the country. 6. We always … our wedding anniversary by going out for dinner. 7. On Victory day Russia … the dozens of millions of its countrymen fallen in World War II. 8. In every home there is a fir-tree glittering with coloured lights and …. 9. In 1698 a number of Londoners received … to see the lions washed in the Thames. 10. The party was held … of Vivienne Westwood, who doyenne of British fashion. 11. This month we have a lot of … . 12. It was the … of a holiday, and everyone was hurrying home to start preparations. Exercise 12. a) Match the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right.
b) In the sentences below replace the Russian expressions with the phrases you have got. Use these expressions in the necessary form. 1. Before our father’s arrival mother prepared a dinner and we (украсили елку разноцветными игрушками и бумагой). 2. One of the most unusual holidays in Britain is Halloween. People cut horrible faces of pumpkins and (наряжаются в странные костюмы). 3. Holiday is a great reason to have a great time and (навестить друзей и родственников). 4. The International Women’s Day is a holiday when women (получают цветы и подарки). 5. On my birthday my old friend came to congratulate me. We hadn’t seen for ages and I hardly (узнала ее). 6. In Russia New Year (долго длится). 7. I (поздравила своего мужа) with our fourth wedding anniversary. 8. I decided to arrange a party and (пригласил друзей к себе). 9. Yesterday I wasn’t able to help my mother about the house because I (готовилась к дню рожденья моей подруги). 10. On the Victory Day thousands of people come to see parades and (принять участие в празднованиях). Exercise 13. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence. 1. On the New Year people in Russia usually get a lot of days off/weekends. 2. Holidays are often accompanied by festivities/commemorations. 3. On national/religious holidays people usually don’t get days off. 4. Generally, people spend/have a good time visiting their relatives and friends or relaxing. 5. I didn’t recognize/realize Diane at the party. 6. On the 8th of March women send/receive a lot of beautiful flowers. 7. On holidays people usually make/take photos to capture these memorable days. 8. On Christmas Eve all members of our family decorate/celebrate Christmas tree. 9. I always make/do a cake for my birthday. 10. Invitations/preparations for the holiday took a lot of time. WRITING AND COMMUNICATION Exercise 14. Write an essay on one of the given topics. 1. My favourite holiday. 2. The most popular British holiday. 3. The most popular Russian holiday. Exercise 15. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. 1. Новый Год – мой самый любимый праздник, потому что я получаю много подарков и прекрасно провожу время со своей семьей. 2. Как долго ты обычно готовишься к празднованию Нового Года? 3. Тысячи ветеранов примут участие в празднованиях, посвященных победе в Великой Отечественной Войне. 4. И Россия, и Англия богаты традициями, в истории каждой страны много важных событий. 5. Приглашения на нашу свадьбу были разосланы заранее. 6. Приготовления к Новому Году – это важное событие в нашей семье. Мама делает необходимые покупки и готовит праздничный ужин. Папа приносит домой елку, а мы украшаем ее. Когда часы бьют 12, мы поздравляем наших друзей и родственников. 7. В России много праздников, когда люди по всей стране не работают и проводят торжественные мероприятия. 8. Мэри была наряжена в костюм лисы, но я узнала ее. 9. Ежегодное шоу цветов – сказочное зрелище. 10. В прошлом году празднование Дня победы сопровождалось тремя выходными. PROJECT WORK Public holidays are known to all people. But there are many professional holidays which are less known. Make a presentation about your professional holiday. |