английский язык. УМК_1 курс_неяз.спец. Unit getting acquainted. Text Rules of introduction. Grammar The verb To be
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Topical vocabulary. 1. Healthy Здоровый be in good health быть здоровым feel well/be fine/all right хорошо себя чувствовать be in good shape/fit быть в хорошей форме 2. Patient больной in-patient стационарный больной out-patient амбулаторный больной 3. hurt (adj.), (injured; wounded) пострадавший 4. be sick быть больным 5. be ill/feel ill (with) болеть 6. be out of order быть вне себя 7. be in poor/ill health иметь плохое здоровье 8. be in a bad (poor) shape быть в плохой форме 9. go down with заболеть 10. catch a disease заразиться 11. feel seedy плохо себя чувствовать 12. be in bad state быть в плохом настроении 13. take s turn for the worse наступило ухудшение 14. one’s health gave way здоровье сильно ухудшилось 15. not last more than не прожить дольше 16. get better выздоравливать ache боль (продолжительная, тупая) pain (n) боль 19.sore (adj.) воспаленный have a sore throat болит горло 20.hurt (v) причинять боль, повреждать, ушибить hurt (n) рана, повреждение, боль 21. disorder нарушение sleep disorder расстройство сна liver disorder расстройство печени 22. disturbance расстройство visual disturbance расстройство зрения 21. fever лихорадка, жар 22. high blood pressure высокое кровяное давление 24. be clogged заложен (нос) catch a cold простудиться Ex. 1. Read and translate the text. Ex. 2. Answer the questions. 1. Where did Dan and Max work? 2. Why did Max and Dan to phone Dr. Flinch? 3. What was wrong with Max? 4. Why didn't Max want to get the operation? How are Sharon and Max related? Ex. 3. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases. Задыхаться, кашлять, дышать, врач, свой лечащий врач, пациент, аптека, медицинские термины, опасная операция, операция на открытом сердце, родить ребенка, склянка с пилюлями, специалист по сердечным болезням, кислород. Ex. 4. Translate the story from Russian into English. “Я думаю, это все, миссис Грант,” - сказал доктор Колд и протянул ей список предписаний. Список был очень длинным, и миссис Грант чуть не упала в обморок пока дочитала его до конца. У нее болела голова, у нее была простуда, у нее начинался грипп. В довершении всего, у одного из ее детей была свинка. “Я также прописал Вам таблетки от повышенного давления, ” - сказал доктор Колд. “Сколько таблеток я должна принимать?” “Одну таблетку после каждого приема пищи, то есть три таблетки в день.” Миссис Грант поблагодарила доктора и с трудом дошла до аптеки. Она протянула свой длинный список аптекарю – мистеру Вайту. Мистер Вайт весело приветствовал ее. “Вот это здоровье!” сказал он, взглянув на список. Grammar: The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Regular verb + -ed Past Indefinite- Irregular Verbs (see list of irregular verbs)
The Past Indefinite (Simple) may denote: an action performed in the past: We entered the house in silence. He met us at the station. a succession of past actions: He shut the window, switched off the light and went upstairs. a repeated action in the past: He made an entry in his diary every night. NOTE: Repeated actions are often expressed by Used to + Infinitive Would + Infinitive He would spend all days locked in his room. When I was young I used to work much. Ex. 5. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the negative and interrogative forms.1. She saw your brother. 2.We heard a terrible noise. 3. He slept till 10.00. 4. He looked at the picture. 5. They drank all the wine. 6. They set out early enough. 7. She thought about it. 8. The police caught the thief. 9. He hid the letter. 10. She found her watch. 11 His nose bled. 12. My mother chose this hotel. Ex. 6. Give the three forms of the verbs given below. Lay, pay, beat, become, blow, burn, buy, choose, hide, fly, forget, sell, stop, forgive, grow, hold, keep, let, mean, retell, ride, send, shake, strike, think, drive, come, feel, get, have, leave, sleep, speak, teach, weep, write. Ex. 7. Explain the use of the Past Indefinite Tense in the following sentences.1. We had a nice walk two days ago. 2. When did the last conference take place? 3. He visited his native town in 1980. 4. The man entered the room, sat down at the table, ordered some food, and began to read a newspaper. 5. It rained a great deal last summer. 6. The sun rose at 5 o’clock. Ex. 8. Make questions to which the words in italics are the answers.1. At half past twelve Miss Green stopped her work and went out to lunch. 2. Yes, I woke up at a quarter past seven. 3. Little Kate liked a lot of sugar in her tea. 4. You put the book on the top shelf. 5. Mary drank coffee at breakfast uesterday.6. No, I didn’t go to the University last Saturday. Ex. 9. Translate the sentences into English.1. В прошлом году Петя жил в деревне. 2. После завтрака он работал в саду и сажал цветы перед домом. 3. Когда вы видели этот фильм? 4. Он записался в нашу библиотеку в прошлом году. 5. Вчера он не ходил в кино. 6. Моя сестра купила последнюю новеллу в понедельник. Unit 10. YOU and YOUR HEALTH. Text: What do you know about disease? Grammar: The Past Continuous Tense. Практические цели: Обобщение и закрепление лексического материала по теме “Health”, закрепление навыков устной речи и изложения текста, ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом. What do you know about disease? Just what is disease? Disease is a change from the condition of good health. In disease, the normal structure or function of the body is harmed or weakened. Disease is often called sickness or illness. A disease may last a brief time or a long time. It may be mild or severe. Some disease such as the common cold may go away after a few days without any treatment. Other diseases require medical treatment to cure them. Still other diseases may require a lifetime of medical supervision to manage them. Favorable standards of living help to promote health. Also the body itself has defenses against disease. But now and then the defenses give way and illness occurs. Disease germs may break through the defenses. Parts of the body may begin to function poorly. Tissues in the body may grow in uncontrolled ways. Something may go wrong with certain chemical reactions in the body. Symptoms of illness. How do people they are ill? Often they have symptoms such as pain, nausea, sore throat, lack of appetite, fatigue, or fever. However, a disease may be present without a person knowing it. Sometimes a disease is discovered during a routine health examination. Illnesses, that can be passed along by an infected person to a well person either directly or indirectly are called infections or communicable diseases. In early 1900s infectious diseases were still a serious public health problem. Today as a result of improved hygiene and living conditions, new drugs, new kind of medical treatment, and the widespread use of vaccines, the picture has changed. Many diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, scarlet fever, small pox, and diphtheria have been almost wiped out. However, some of these diseases – and – others – pose problems in certain areas of the world. The cold is the most common communicable disease. So far, scientists have identified more than 100 different viruses capable of causing cold symptoms. For this reason, no vaccine exists to immunize against cold. Some diseases are not caused by disease-producing microorganisms. These diseases cannot be passed from person to person. No immunity can be produced for these diseases. They are called no communicable. Among them are most diseases of the heart, allergy and a lot of others. Topical vocabulary. Disease болезнь condition of good health здоровое состояние normal structure нормальная структура to be harmed поврежденный to be weakened ослабленный sickness болезнь illness болезнь treatment лечение to cure лечить medical supervision медицинское наблюдение disease germs микробы tissues ткани nausea тошнота lack of appetite отсутствие аппетита fatigue усталость fever лихорадка infected person зараженный человек hygiene гигиена vaccines вакцины immunity иммунитет Ex. 1. Answer the questions. How do disease vary according to the difficulty in getting over them? What helps to promote health? When does illness occur? How is illness discovered? What are the infectious diseases? Is there any vaccine against the cold? What are non communicable diseases? why can no immunity be produced for these diseases? Ex. 2. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases. Нормальная функция, структура нарушена, продолжаться короткое время, тяжелая болезнь, пройти (о болезни), медикаментозное лечение, вылечить, условия жизни, уровень жизни, защита от болезни, защита ослабевает, плохо функционировать, нарушиться, тошнота, усталость, отсутствие аппетита, обычный медицинский осмотр, инфекционное заболевание, передаваться от больному здоровому, проблема общественного здоровья, самая распространенная болезнь, создать иммунитет. Ex. 3. Repeat what the text said about diseases. Ex. 4. Translate the dialogues into English. 1. - Ты выглядишь совсем плохо. Что с тобой? - По правде говоря, я неважно себя чувствую. Пожалуй, придется идти в поликлинику. - Конечно, иди немедленно. 2.- Как чувствует себя Миша? - К сожалению, хуже. Он очень болен. Прошлой ночью у него был жар. Температура выше 39 градусов. Он был так слаб, что не мог даже говорить со мной. Уже три дня, как он в таком состоянии. Grammar: The Past Continuous Tense.
The Past Continuous denotes a temporary action taking place at a given moment in the past: at 5 o’ clock yesterday. I was writing a letter to my friend from 5 to 6 on Sunday. When Mum came. We often use the Past Continuous and the Past Indefinite (Simple) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: I saw Irene in the park. She was sitting on the bench and waiting for somebody. Ex.5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous Tense and translate them. 1. The children were frightened because it (get) dark. 2. It was a fine day and the roads were crowded because a lot of people (rush) to the seaside. 3. He usually wears sandals but when I last saw him he (wear) boots. 4. Ton ate nothing for lunch because he (diet). 5. Who you (talk) to on the phone as I came in? 6. I went into the garden to see what the boys (do). 7. He was a little mad. He always (try) to prove that the earth was flat. 8. Just as I (wonder) what to do next, the phone rang. Ex.6. Translate into English. Я посидел на скамейке, а потом начал читать книгу. 2. Он увидел Лену, которая рисовала странную картину.3. Мы как раз говорили о нем, когда он пришел. 4. Вчера в шесть часов она накрывала на стол. 5. Что ты играл, когда я вошла? 6. Вода в чайнике кипела, когда мои друзья вернулись в лагерь. 7. Старший брат решал кроссворд, мама вязала, остальные читали. 8. Когда она проснулась, в саду весело пели птицы. Ex 7. Translate the joke paying special attention to the italicized words. Озорник. Однажды пожилой джентльмен прогуливался по улицам. Он увидел маленького мальчика у двери одного из домов. Мальчик стоял у двери и пытался дотянуться (reach) до звонка (door-bell), который находился слишком высоко для него. Пожилой джентльмен был добрым человеком, поэтому он остановился, чтобы помочь мальчику. «Я позвоню в звонок за тебя,» - сказал он и дернул (pull) за звонок. Маленький мальчик посмотрел на него и сказал, смеясь: «А теперь нам надо убегать.» Пожилой джентльмен не понял, что происходит. Мальчик исчез (disappear) за углом, а старику пришлось объяснять (explain to) рассерженному хозяину (owner of the house), почему он звонил в звонок. UNIT 11. PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. Text: Examination. Grammar: The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Практические цели: Ознакомление с лексическим материалом по теме “ Physical Diagnosis”. Ознакомление с новым грамматическим материалом, развитие навыков изучающего чтения и перевода на основе текста “Examination”, развитие умений и навыков аудирования, просмотрового чтения. Examination. The afternoons were devoted to a new course, physical diagnosis, in which the students practiced the technique of examination on one another. Dan and Noble again were partners. They spent a whole week learning how to use a stethoscope. "Take a deep breath. Now hold it. Now cough." After the cough Dan heard something odd in the right lung. He put the stethoscope down. "I think you've got rales in the right lung". "What do you think it means?" ''Maybe a cold." Noble looked around. Then he said quietly, "My mother and father both died of tuberculosis". "Have you been swimming lately? Maybe you got some water in your lungs" ''I've lost eleven pounds." "Maybe you ought to get an X-ray." "Be quiet," Noble whispered fiercely. "If they find out about this I'll be put in a sanatorium. I won't get out for a couple of years, and I won't finish the medical school then. I'll be out of money." "Are you sweating at night?" "Sometimes 1 sweat. Don't you? "Not much. You ever run a fever?" Noble felt his own forehead. "I don't know," he said. "Get a thermometer. Take your temperature whenever you get a chance, particularly in the late afternoon." Noble looked at him. "Don't tell anybody about this," he said. "You ought to see a doctor. The school doesn't have to know anything about this." "It's a reportable disease." - Dan had forgotten. All cases of tuberculosis had to be reported. In the evening Dan took Noble to the laboratory after everybody had left. They looked at Noble's sputum^ under the microscope. "They look like ТВ germs^' to me". Noble said. "I ran a fever and sweated a lot last night. I lost three more pounds. 1 can't eat at all now. "You ought to go to a doctor. You have to get an X-ray." "I'm not going to a doctor. Don't give me away." So Dan managed to get Noble into X-ray unnoticed. He took his chest' X-ray and developed the film. When Noble looked at the picture he-was! sure it was tuberculosis. Dan was not sure. He showed the picture to Dr. Rosenthal, who said that the picture was badly overexposed and he couldn't tell a thing. That night Noble didn't go home. His sister had a little baby and he' was afraid that he was contagious. He slept at Dan's. All through the night, Dan heard him moving restlessly and coughing. In the morning Dan drove. directly to the hospital and took Noble to Dr. Rosenthal. The doctor took, out his stethoscope. After a while he asked Dan where he had heard those, rales. Dan showed him. The doctor handed him the scope. "Find them for me." Dan heard nothing but the soft movement of air in Noble's lungs. Then Dr. Rosenthal listened again. "Have you had a cold?" Noble nodded. "I'm just getting over one." Rosenthal shrugged. "You got mixed up between coarse rales and fine rales." He said to Dan. "What?" Noble said, "I can't eat and I've been sweating and I'm feeling lousy." "I'd feel the same way if I thought I had tuberculosis. All you have is a cold," Dr. Rosenthal said. |