Введение настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям 09
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ВВЕДЕНИЕ Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям 09.03.01 «Информатика и вычислительная техника» (направленность: Системы автоматизированного проектирования) и 09.03.02 «Информационные системы и технологии» (направленность: Информационные системы и технологии) очной формы обучения. Оно также может быть полезным для широкого круга учащихся, интересующихся цифровыми технологиями. Пособие имеет практическую направленность и призвано помочь студентам при чтении английских текстов по специальности и при изложении своих мыслей на английском языке. Данное пособие состоит из 2 частей, первая из которых включает в себя 7 тематических разделов (юнитов), а вторая – это грамматический справочник, состоящий из 10 юнитов. Кроме того в пособие включен список сокращений, встречающихся в текстах, и 6 приложений – сводных грамматических таблиц. Следует сказать, что работа с разделом, посвященным грамматике, не предполагает непосредственной привязки к определенному тематическому разделу. Грамматический блок может использоваться как самостоятельно, так и по мере возникновения потребности проработать то или иное грамматическое явление. Грамматические таблицы являются обобщением, в них можно найти и те видовременные формы, которые не нашли отражения в части 2. Каждый тематический раздел включает в себя три смежных по тематике текста, каждый из которых прорабатывается рядом упражнений. Отличительной особенностью данного учебного пособия является жанровое разнообразие материала. Кроме привычных для такого формата научных текстов в пособии представлены научно-публицистические тексты. Аутентичность текстов и их жанровая разноплановость позволяют студентам расширить лексический запас, выводит на интересные темы для обсуждения, что способствует развитию речевых навыков. В целом, авторы придерживались определенного единообразия структуры изложения материала и последующих заданий. При этом в каждом разделе есть одно или два отличающихся задания. Они направлены на проработку разных лексико-грамматических явлений, мотивируют студентов мыслить и говорить на заданные темы, а преподавателю дают возможность варьировать занятие в зависимости от уровня студентов Авторы надеются, что настоящее пособие поможет студентам развить навыки, необходимые для дальнейшей успешной профессиональной деятельности. От авторов. Part 1 Unit 1 DIGITIZED WORLD Task 1. Match the following English words and phrases from text A with their Russian equivalents:
Task 2. Read and translate text A: THE DIGITAL AGE We are now living in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives. Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are called the digital generation. Computers help students to perform mathematical operations and improve their maths skills. They are used to access the Internet, to do basic research and to communicate with other students around the world. Teachers use projectors and interactive whiteboards to give presentations and teach sciences, history or language courses. PCs are also used for administrative purposes – schools use word processors to write letters, and databases to keep records of students and teachers. A school website allows teachers to publish exercises for students to complete online. Students can also enroll for courses via the website and parents can download official reports. Mobiles let you make voice calls, send texts, email people and download logos, ringtones or games. With a built-in camera you can send pictures and make video calls in face-to-face mode. New smartphones combine a telephone with web access, video, a game console, an MP3 player, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a GPS navigation system, all in one. In banks, computers store information about the money held by each customer and enable staff to access large databases and to carry out financial transactions at high speed. They also control the cashpoints, or ATMs (automatic teller machines), which dispense money to customers by the use of a PIN-protected card. People use a Chip and PIN card to pay for goods and services. Instead of using a signature to verify payments, customers are asked to enter a four-digit personal identification number (PIN), the same number used at cashpoints; this system makes transactions more secure. With online banking, clients can easily pay bills and transfer money from the comfort of their homes. Airline pilots use computers to help them control the plane. For example, monitors display data about fuel consumption and weather conditions. In airport control towers, computers are used to manage radar systems and regulate air traffic. On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by computer. Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other details. Task 3. Answer the following questions: What is digital age? How are computers used for educational purposes? What can you do with a built-in camera? How are computers used in banking? 5. How can computers help us in the air? Task 4. Find the words in the text that have the following meaning: keep, save execute, do monetary screen integrated connected to the Internet collection of factors and figures describes information that is recorded or broadcast using a computer program used for text manipulation copy files from a server to your PC or mobile Task 5. Match the following words from the text with their definitions:
Task 6. Match the verbs with the nouns then complete the sentences using these collocations: to send to give to do to access to store to make to transfer information money phone calls text databases presentation research Thanks to Wi-Fi, it is now easy to……….from cafes, hotels, parks and many other public places. Online banking lets you……….between your accounts easily and securely. Skype is a technology that enables users to……….over the Internet for free. In many universities, students are encouraged to……….using PowerPoint in order to make their talks more visual attractive. The Web has revolutionized the way people ………. – with the sites such as Google and Wikipedia, you can find the information you need in seconds. Cookies allow a website to ………. on a user’s machine and later retrieve it; when you visit the website again, it remembers your preferences. With the fastest mobile phones, you can ………. with multimedia attachments – pictures, audio, even video. Task 7. Study the words:
Task 8. Read and translate text B: COMPUTERS Generally, any device that can perform numerical calculations, even an adding machine, may be called a computer but nowadays this term is used especially for digital computers. Computers that once weighed 30 tons now may weigh as little as 1.8 kilograms. Microchips and have considerably reduced the cost of the electronic components required in a computer. Computers come in many sizes and shapes such as special-purpose, laptop, desktop, minicomputers, supercomputers. Special-purpose computers can perform specific tasks and their operations are limited to the programs built into their microchips. Such computers are the basis for electronic calculators. They can be found in thousands of electronic products, including digital watches and automobiles. Basically, these computers do the ordinary arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Special-purpose computers can perform specific tasks and their operations are limited to the programs built into their microchips. Such computers are the basis for electronic calculators. They can be found in thousands of electronic products, including digital watches and automobiles. Basically, these computers do the ordinary arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.  General-purpose computers are much more powerful because they can accept new sets of instructions. The smallest fully functional computers are called laptop computers. Most of the general-purpose computers known as personal or desktop computers can perform almost 5 million operations per second. Today's personal computers are used for different purposes: for testing new theories or models that cannot be examined with experiments, as valuable educational tools due to various encyclopedias, dictionaries, educational programs, in book-keeping, accounting and management. Proper application of computing equipment in different industries is likely to result in proper management, effective distribution of materials and resources, more efficient production and trade. Minicomputers are high-speed computers that have greater data manipulating capabilities than personal computers do and that can be used simultaneously by many users. These machines are primarily used by larger businesses or by large research and university centers. The speed and power of supercomputers, the highest class of computers, are almost beyond comprehension, and their capabilities are continually being improved. The most complex of these machines can perform nearly 32 billion calculations per second and store 1 billion characters in memory at one time, and can do in one hour what a desktop computer would take 40 years to do. They are used commonly by government agencies and large research centers. Linking together networks of several small computer centers and programming them to use a common language - has enabled engineers to create the supercomputer. The aim of this technology is to elaborate a machine that could perform a trillion calculations per second. Task 9. Answer the following questions: 1. What are the main types of computers? 2. Have microchips and microprocessors reduced the cost of the electronic components? 3. How many operations per second can desktop computers perform? 4. How many operations per second can a supercomputer perform? 5. How many characters in memory per second can supercomputers store? 6. What are the different purposes of modern personal computers? 7. What are the main trends in the development of the computer technology? Task 10. Match the following words from the text with their definitions:
Task 11. Translate the following word combinations into English: Электронные калькуляторы; цифровые часы; применение компьютерного оборудования; распределение ресурсов; эффективное производство; высокоскоростные компьютеры; правительственные учреждения, исследовательские центры; разработать суперкомпьютер; выполнять триллион операций в секунду. Task 12. Fill in the gaps using the following words from the text in the correct form: to enable, to use, to call, to do, to find, to perform, to reduce. 1. Microchips and microprocessors have considerably …the cost of the electronic components 2. Special-purpose computers can … specific tasks. 3. They can be … in thousands of electronic products. 4. Basically, these computers can… the ordinary arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 5. The smallest fully functional computers are … laptop computers. 6. These machines are … by larger businesses or by large research and university centers. 7. Linking together networks of several small computer centers and programming them to use a common language - has … engineers to create the supercomputer. Task 13. Are the sentences True or False? 1. Generally, any device that can perform numerical calculations, even an adding machine, may be called a computer. 2. Computers that once weighed 30 tons now may weigh as little as 3 tons. 3. Computers come in many sizes and shapes: such as special-purpose, laptop, desktop, minicomputers, supercomputers. 4. General-purpose computers are less powerful. 5. Most of the general-purpose computers known as personal or desktop computers can perform almost 2 million operations per second. 6. The most complex of modern computers can perform nearly 32 billion calculations per second. 7. The aim of this technology is to elaborate a machine that could perform a trillion calculations per second. Task 14. Match the following English words and phrases from text C with their Russian equivalents:
Task 15. Read and translate text C: |