Общий вид функции
| Преобразования
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| Параллельный перенос графика вдоль оси абсцисс на единиц
вправо, если ; влево, если .
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| Параллельный перенос графика вдоль оси ординат на единиц
вверх, если , вниз, если .
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| Симметричное отражение графика относительно оси ординат.
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| Симметричное отражение графика относительно оси абсцисс.
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![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFQAAAAVCAMAAADvsTk6AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOyAE5nkEXAAADAFBMVEX///8EBAQiIiIWFhbm5uYMDAyenp6KiopQUFB0dHRAQEC2trYwMDBiYmLMzMwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD8A/sELS+hAAABAHRSTlP///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////8AU/cHJQAAAYNJREFUeJy1lY2SgyAMhOVHIEDg/Z82l4Co1xY9O3OZaUXdbjcfaV3oH2r56lNYZncgPTRNAbEtvJf3omt8F2X7zFTZrJtb3i5U/y6Smw9MYSXbw6R+IVX7QZbdE9M4AprtiOsnmctPTFfoRxgk9QekXJVNC7Z2IlxbYq45tr71IMlILWLgVQGMhNBbMW6hQDHSCXo0R+mTa6rbwhxILVBkBnwgra3vjDMsLtGKM+jngkFQbUpcxczymQya4cR9ekNgpqWWGfRz7fs0EusBuQ1FdUOIkU1RdnMC/VQGh+mWtALqNO66ugubqQQ/zfGM6R5F9S4F2I6EgtmFEdlU+b8gLbti7fEEGCiyvrE03KntwbKXpLzOt0i9GqvcUQowbwik9ZKkXRxfyqYpI5pbpGHs0xj+NlkZJWgEsPLaTMcvqqZXk9cyO3R73ZUPbKrDNgAXlRKdoEd3ISVd2NQUSuvNNqngwnFm9VxJKcpfn8cQ7rYe4RdzhzMhU6ZvHyd+/jiRfD8N+acmAOnasQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
| При — сжатие графика к оси ординат в раз, при — растяжение графика от оси ординат в раз
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| При — растяжение графика от оси абсцисс в раз, при — cжатие графика к оси абсцисс в раз.
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| При — график остаётся без изменений, при — график симметрично отражается относительно оси абсцисс.
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![](data:image/png;base64,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)
| При — график остаётся без изменений, при — график симметрично отражается относительно оси ординат.
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