Английский. Голицынский - Английский язык. Грамматика. Сборник упражнении. Артикль запомните следующие правила. Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль. Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
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III форма глагола broken — сломанный, разбитый written — написанный eaten — съеденный Упр. 355. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Past Participle. 1. My sister likes boiled eggs. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 4. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 5. This is a church built many years ago. 6. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England. 7. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 8. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 9. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. Сравните употребление Participle I ("ing''-форма) и Participle II (III форма глагола) taking — берущий, беря doing — делающий, делая taken — взятый done — сделанный Упр. 356. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle 1 и Participle II. 1. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live. b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful. c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double. b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it. c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: "Fire! Fire!" a) The word said by the student was not correct. b) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician. c) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow. b) He saw some people in the post-office send- ing telegrams. When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important. b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian. c) While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them. a) A word spoken in time may have very important results. b) The students speaking good English must help their classmates. c) The speaking doll interested the child very much. d) While speaking to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about his sister. Упр. 357. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия. 1 . a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil. b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right. It 2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful. b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high. 3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table? b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy. 4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister. b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean. 5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs. b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls. 6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden? 7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting. 8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard. 9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds. 10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last. 11 (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann. 12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more. 13. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year. 14.1 picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor. 15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before. 16. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form. 17. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street. 18. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp. 19.1 shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by Hogarth. ' 20. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday. 21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gathered) by the children. 22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying m the middle of the street. 23. ^How do you like the film?" he asked, (turning, turned) towards me. 24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (coming, come) towards us. 25.1 think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother. Сравните употребление Present Participle и Perfect Participle buying - покупая having bought купив Упр. 358. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle. 1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3 (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see. his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my Knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf. 13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home. 14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm. |
| • 1 Формы причастия | | |
|---|---|---|
| | Active | Passive |
| Present | writing | being written |
| Perfect | having written | having been written |
| Past | — | written |
| Как переводить разные формы причастия на русский язык | | | |
| Формы причастия | Как их переводить | |
| деепричастием | | |
| reading | читающий | читая i |
| having read | — | прочитав |
| being read | читаемый (т. е. который читают) | будучи читаемым (т. е. когда его читали), будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| having been read | ^ | будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| read | прочитанный | — |
| Как переводить разные формы причастия на русский язык | | |
| Формы причастия | Как их переводить | |
| деепричастием | | |
| building | строящий | строя |
| having built | — | построив |
| being built | строящийся (т. е. который строят) | будучи строящимся (т. е. когда его строили) будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| having been built | — | будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| built | построенный | — |
Упр. 359. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. 3. While being examined, the boy could not help crying. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a performance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the in side could not be opened, 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way, 16. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable than this one. 17. Having descended the mountain they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.
| Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских причастий и деепричастий | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Причастие j -j | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросающий, бросавший | throwing нельзя1 |
| нельзя1 | | | ||
| несовершенный виц | бросаемый | being thrown | | |
| thrown ___ ____ , | | | ||
| | Деепричастие I | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросая | throwing |
| having thrown | | | ||
| несовершенный вид | будучи бросаемым | being thrown | | |
| being thrown having being thrown | | |
1 Действительное причастие совершенного вида (а также не совершенного вида прошедшего времени) может быть переведено на английский язык только придаточным определительным предложением (who threw, who has thrown, who had thrown)
Упр. 360. Переведите следующие русские причастия и деепричастия на английский язык.
Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, прочитав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи потерянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, прочитанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисованный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, поиграв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.
Упр. 361. В следующих предложениях употребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody. 2. As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 3. As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 4. As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it. 5. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 6. When I was going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my j friend. 7. He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 8. She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard.
Упр. 362. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story гpreserved all the sparkling humour of the origi nal. 2. (to approve) by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 3. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing-room. 4. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 5. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 6. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 7. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 8. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours. 9. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 10. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 11. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 12. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 13. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present. 14. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the conversation.
Упр. 363. Замените выделенные части предложений причастными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he arrived at the railway station, he bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train. 2. As he was promised help, he felt quieter. 3. After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while. 4. Robinson started the building of the house at once and fin ished it before the season of rains set in. 5. He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him. 6. When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend. 7. He looked a't me and hesitated: he did not know what to say. 8. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the market-place. 9. He has no language problems, because he has been studying English for a long time. 10 After I had written this exercise, I began to doubt whether it was correct. 11. Take care when you cross the street. 12. Students should always be attentive while they are listening to the lecturer. 13. There are many students who study music. 14. Don't you feel tired after you have walked so much?
Упр. 364. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменита на всю страну. 2. Сказка, рассказанная няней, произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 3. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она пожелала ему спокойной ночи. 4. Моя бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в маленьком домике на берегу озера. 5. Ребенок всегда с интересом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 6. Рассказывая детям сказки, она говорит разными голосами, имитируя героев сказок.