ключи аракин 4курс. Ключи к Практическому курсу английского языка 4 курс
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SPEECH PATTERNS Older and wiser and better people had told him that there could not possibly be a frog in his bread-and-milk.1 How can I possibly do it? Do it if you possibly can. The child couldn't possibly have done it alone. She was a woman of few ideas, with immense power of concentration. She was a woman of few words. She has always been a woman of fashion. He is a man of property. a) ... there was a piece of tapestry that was evidently meant to be a fire-screen. The door is meant to be used in case of emergency. He was meant to be an artist. b) They were meant for each other. Are these flowers meant for me? What I said wasn't meant for your ears. That part of the picture was simple if interesting. That part of the play was entertaining if long. The concert was enjoyable if loud. The dress was unattractive if new. Phrases and Word Combinations to be in disgrace to change the subject to describe with much detail (in great detail) (for) the greater part of the day (the time; the year; of one's time) (more literary) as a matter of fact (to look, to come, etc.) in one's direction/in the direc- tion of to picture to oneself (literary) to come up to one's expectation (BE), to meet one's expectations (AE) in the first (second, last) place to be inclined to do smth to claim one's attention to be in a tight corner (spot) to open on to (smth) (of a window, door) in comparison with to be one pace (mile) away from smb or smth to be in search of smb or smth in one's haste of (doing) smth 1 The pattern is mostly used in interrogative and negative sentences. 140 ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY shift vt/i to change the place, position or direction of, e. g. The boy shifted from one foot to the other. He kept on shifting his plate on the table until his mother looked at him. The wind has shifted to the west. to shift the blame on to smb else to make another person bear the blame, e. g. Don't try to shift the blame onto me. It's not my fault. to shift one's ground to change one's point of view, especially during an argument, e. g. He shifted his ground whenever it seemed to his advantage to do so. shift n 1) a change in the position or direction, as a shift in the wind, in political opinion. 2) a group of workers which takes turns with one or more other groups, e. g. I work on the day/ night shift at the factory. shifty a showing a tricky and deceitful nature, e. g. He had a shifty look in his eye that made me wary of him. elate vt (usu. pass.) to fill (smb) with pride and joy, e. g. He was elated by his son's success. поднимать настроение, ободрять, воодушевлять elated a filled with elation, e. g. The people were elated by the victory. elation n (U) the state or quality of being filled with pride and joy, as the people's elation at the good news, e. g. The parents were filled with great elation on hearing their child's results. приподнятое настроение, восторг, бурная радость, ликование; энтузиазм; эйфория concentrate vt 1) to keep or direct (all one's thoughts, efforts, attention) (on, upon), e. g. If you don't concentrate more on your work you'll make no progress. 2) to (cause to) come together in or around one place, e. g. The large buildings were concentrated in the centre of the town near the monument. Population tends to concentrate in cities. 1) сосредоточивать(ся); фокусировать(ся) 2) а) выпаривать б) сгущать, делать менее разбавленным; увеличивать концентрацию concentration n 1) close or complete attention, e. g. The book will need all your concentration. 2) (C) a close gathering, e. g. There is a concentration of industry in the East of the country. 1) концентрат 3) питательные вещества, входящие в состав кормов evade vt 1) to get out of the way of or escape from, as evade an enemy, e. g. The lion evaded the hunters. 2) (derog.) to avoid or avoid doing (smth one should do), as to evade one's duty, paying one's taxes, debts, military service, police, rules, e. g. Criminals try to evade the law. 3) (derog.) to avoid answering (a question) properly, e. g. The clever politician easily evaded the awkward question. 1) ускользать (от преследования и т.п.) 2) избегать; уклоняться (от уплаты, от ответственности); обходить (закон, вопрос; уловками, хитростью) 3) озадачивать; ставить в тупик; ускользать от понимания evasion n 1) (U) the act of evading, as the fox's clever evasion of the dogs. 2) (C/U) (derog.) an action or lack of action which evades, e. g. George is in prison for tax evasion. 3) (C) (derog.) a statement which evades, e. g. The minister's speech was full of evasions. 1) увиливание, уклонение (от обязанностей, исполнения закона, требований, забот) 2) отговорка, увертка, уловка, ухищрение, предлог 3) уклонение (от удара, снаряда, преследования) 4) бегство, побег evasive a (derog.) which evades or tries to evade, as evasive answer, e. g. They had all been evasive about their involvement in the firm. to take evasive action (formal) (of a ship, aircraft, etc. in war) to get out of the way or try to escape, e. g. During the Second World War many planes had to take evasive action while crossing the channel. -уклоняться, маневрировать confirm vt 1) to support, make certain; give proof (of), e. g. Please confirm your telephone message in writing. The delegate confirmed that the election would be on June 20th. 2) to give approval to (a person, agreement, position, etc.), to agree to, e. g. When do you think the President will confirm you in office? 1) подтверждать, подкреплять 2) одобрять, ратифицировать (договор, соглашение и т.д.) 3) укреплять, усиливать 4) конфирмовать (in); проходить обряд конфирмации confirmation n 1) the act of confirming, e. g. The confirmation of the agreement was received with satisfaction by the public. 2) proof, smth that confirms, e. g. Your news was really confirmation for my beliefs. 1) подтверждение; поддержка, одобрение 2) утверждение, принятие, ратификация confirmed a firmly settled in a particular way of life, as confirmed drunkard, bachelor, opponent of (reforms), e. g. He will never get married: he is a confirmed bachelor. 1) подтвержденный, подкрепленный; установленный; согласованный 2) а) закоренелый, неисправимый, убежденный б) хронический (о болезни) store vt 1) to make up and keep a supply of, as to store food in the cupboard. 2) to keep in a special place (warehouse), as to store one's furniture. 3) to fill with supplies, as to store one's cupboard with food. 4) to put away for future use, as to store one's winter clothes, e. g. Where do you store your fur coat for the summer? 2. 1) снабжать, оснащать; наполнять 2) а) хранить, сохранять б) запоминать; хранить 3) запасать, откладывать (тж. store up, store away) 4) а) убирать на хранение б) отдавать на хранение, хранить на складе 5) вмещать, аккумулировать store n I) a supply for future use, e. g. This animal makes a store of nuts for the winter. 2) a place for keeping things, e. g. My food store is in the kitchen. 1) а) запас, резерв б) запасы, припасы; имущество 2) большое количество; изобилие 3) пакгауз, склад; хранилище 4) магазин; универмаг 5) значение, важность in store 1) kept ready (for future use), as to keep a few pounds in store for a rainy day. 2) about to happen, e. g. Who knows what is in store for us? (or in reserve) 1. Saved up in case of need; ready for use or for some purpose. Compare: in reserve , in stock , on hand 2. Ready to happen; waiting. - Often used in the phrase "hold in store" or "have in store". [AmIdioms] 142 set much (great, small, little) store by smth, smb to feel to be of (the) stated amount of importance, e. g. He sets great store by his sister' s ability. - быть (не)высокого мнения о ком-л./чём-л., (не) возлагать на-дежд(ы) на кого-л./что-л., высоко (низко) ценить кого-л./что-л. , придавать (не)большое значение кому-л./чему-л. storehouse n (used lit. and fig.), e. g. The storehouse was a large grey building stuffed with any kind of furniture. He is a storehouse of information. overlook vt 1) to have or give a view of (smth or smb) from above, e. g. Our room overlooked the sea. 2) to look at but not see; not notice, e. g.. Every time the question of promotion came up, Smythe was always overlooked. 3) to pretend not to see; forgive, e. g. I overlooked that breech of discipline as you were concentrating on a very important job. Syn. open on, give on, face, miss 1) возвышаться (над городом, местностью и т. п.) 2) обозревать; смотреть сверху или поверх чего-л. (на что-л.) 3) выходить на, в 4) наблюдать, надзирать, присматривать 5) а) не заметить, просмотреть, пропустить б) не обращать внимания, не придавать значения, игнорировать; смотреть сквозь пальцы, прощать 6) сглазить absorb vt 1) to take or suck in (liquids), e. g. A sponge absorbs water. Some materials absorb sound. 2) to take in (privilege, ideas, etc.), as to absorb smth from smth, e. g. He absorbed all the information on the text and was easily able to repeat it. 3) to take up all the attention, interest, time, etc. (in, by), e. g. I was totally absorbed in a book and didn't hear her call. His film absorbed all his attention. 1) всасывать, впитывать; абсорбировать; поглощать 2) поглощать (внимание); впитывать (знания) 3) поглощать; включать в свое число, присоединять; принимать 4) понимать, постигать 5) оплачивать, брать на себя (расходы) 6) вынести, выдержать; переносить 7) амортизировать (толчки) absorbing a 1) that absorbs, as a sound-absorbing surface. 2) taking all one's attention; very interesting, as absorbing tale of adventure, e. g. It was such an absorbing mystery that I could not put it down. 1. 1) абсорбирующий, впитывающий, всасывающий 2) всепоглощающий, захватывающий, увлекательный 3) амортизирующий, смягчающий (удар) absorption n 1) the act or action of absorbing or being absorbed, e. g. The absorption of different materials varies greatly. 2) the taking up of all one's attention, interest, time, etc., e. g. Their total absorption in the project lasted for three months. 3) the taking over of little countries, businesses, etc., by big ones, e. g. It took very little time for the absorption of the town's small enterprises into one big business. 1) всасывание, впитывание; абсорбция, поглощение 2) погруженность (в мысли, работу и т. п.); поглощенность, сосредоточенность 3) поглощение, включение в число членов, присоединение; ассимиляция way n 1) a road or track (used lit. and fig.), e. g. Are you going my way? to block the way to make movement difficult or impossible, e. g. Will you step aside, you're blocking the way. to clear the way (for smth or smb), e. g. Clear the way for the car. тж. - подготовить почву to make way (for smth or smb) to allow freedom to pass, e. g. All traffic must make way for a fire-engine. - потесниться, дать место 143 to feel (grope) one's way to feel about with the hands; to search for in a hesitating way, e. g. We groped our way through the dark streets. "Have you come to any definite conclusion yet?" "No, I'm still feeling my way." 1) пробираться ощупью 2) действовать осторожно 3) выяснять обстановку to give way (1) to break; to fail to hold up, e. g. The branch gave way and I fell into the stream. His legs gave way and he fell on his side, e. g. The army gave way (= retired) before the advance of the enemy. (2) to surrender oneself to smth, e. g. Don't give way to despair. (3) to be replaced by smth, e. g. His anger gave way to curiosity. to go out of one's way to do smth, to make a special effort to do smth, e. g. He went out of his way to do me a kindness ['kindnis] (a favour, an injury). out-of-the-way remote, e. g. Students come to Moscow from the most out-of-the-way parts of the county. direction (used lit. and fig.), e. g. I was so ashamed, I didn't know which way to look. to know (see, find out) which way the wind blows to know what the state of affairs is, e. g. He always seems to know which way the wind blows (is blowing). progress; advance, as to make (push, fight, feel, force, elbow, shoulder, pick, etc.) one's way (along, forward, to, towards, back, home, etc.), e. g. He pushed (elbowed, forced, etc.) his way through the crowd. a method or plan; a course of action, e. g. Don't change anything, I like it that way. to know one's way about to know one's course of action e. g. You needn't worry about her, she knows her way about and can take care of herself. all (quite, just) the other way about (AE around) quite the opposite, e. g. "As far as I know he denied what he had said before." "Quite the other way about. He confirmed everything." (in) one way or another (other, the other), e. g. You'll have to do it one way or another, there's no getting away from it. a characteristic method or manner of behaving, e. g. I don't like his ways at all. to have a way with smb to be able to win the confidence and affection of people, e. g. She'll make a good teacher, she has a way with children. it (this) is always the way with smb, it is always the case with smb, e. g. Tom failed me again, this is always the way with him. respect, degree, e. g. In one way that explanation is satisfactory, but in another way it is not. in no way, e. g. The photos are in no way similar. by way of: 1) as a substitute for, e. g. He said something by way of apology. 2) via, e. g. He went to town by way of the old road. underway, as restructure underway, e. g. With the election campaign underway the candidates began giving a great deal of speeches. 144 READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES a) Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words. Pay attention to stresses: pseudonym ['psj9dqnim], imperious [im'piqriqs], frivolous ['frivqlqs], depravity [di'prlviti], asperity [Is'periti], obstinacy ['Obstinqsi], effectually [e'fektjuqli], artichoke ['a:ti7quk], raspberry ['ra:zb(q)ri], paradise ['plrqdais], germinate ['8q:mineit], tapestry ['tlpistri], ridiculously [ri'dikjulqsli], mandarin ['mlndqrin], discernment [di'sq:nmqnt], disastrous [di'za:strqs]. b) Get together with another student. Listen to his/her reading of the exercise. What recommendations would you give to correct any mispronunciations? Read the following words observing: a) two primary stresses; b) the secondary and the primary stress; c) a primary stress: self-righteous ['self'rai7qs], nevertheless [,nevqDq'les], uninteresting [On'intristinn], uncounted ['On'kauntid], unauthorised ['0n'O:Tqraizd], unsympathetic ['0n,simpq'Tetik], undignified [On'dignifaid], unmerited ['On'meritid]; disposition [,dispq'ziS(q)n], imagination [i,ma8i'neiS(e)n], expedition [,ekspi'diS(q)n], concentration [,kOntsqn'treiS(q)n], execution [,eksi'kj9S(q)n], illumination [i,lj9mi'neiS(q)n], vegetation [,ve8i'teiS(q)n], energetic ['enqr'8etik], disobedient ['disO'bidient]; ungovernable [On'gOvqnqbl], unwarranted ['On'wOrqntid], unrivalled [On'raivqled], forfeited ['f%fitid], satirise? ['sltaiiqraiz], characterise ['klriktq'raize], fortify ['fOrti'fai], privilege [privili8]. a) Read out aloud the following word combinations and phrases paying attention to the phonetic phenomena of connected speech (all types of assimilation, the linking "r", all kinds of plosions, etc.): on the seemingly frivolous ground; older and wiser and better people; seemed the veriest nonsense; the dramatic part; he felt entitled to know; you said there couldn't possibly be; you are in disgrace; he felt perfectly capable; in the first place; and consign them; bare and cheerless; hidden behind the trees; were in a tight corner; quaint twisted candlesticks in the shape of snakes; behind the sheltering screen; the gooseberry garden; while the wolves feasted on the stricken stag. 145 |