ключи аракин 4курс. Ключи к Практическому курсу английского языка 4 курс
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11. Translate the following sentences into English using the phrases and word combinations: 1. Мне не хотелось разговаривать с Бобом, так как он был наказан за плохое поведение, 2. Чем вы занимаетесь большую часть своего свободного времени? 3. Джеймс жаловался, что ему никто ничего не говорит, но на самом деле он был в курсе всех событий. 4. Студент впервые читал Пушкина в оригинале, и красота стиха поэта привлекала его внимание. 5. Джейн пыталась представить себе человека, которого знала только по переписке (по его письмам). 6. Когда она увидела его, он не оправдал ее ожиданий. 7. Во-первых, он был довольно старый, а во-вторых, суетлив и раздражителен. 8. Я могу подробно описать все, что случилось. 9. Я в это время стояла в двух шагах от того места, где произошел несчастный случай. 10. Окна моей комнаты выходят во двор. 11. Кто эта девушка, которая смотрит в нашу сторону? 12. Этот дом кажется совсем крошечным по сравнению с новым. 13. Я все перерыла в поисках билета в театр, куда же я могла его положить? 14. В спешке отъезда никто не заметил, что старик остался на мосту. Pair work. Make up and act out situations using the phrases and word combinations. Explain what is meant by: the fact that stood out clearest in the whole affair; an unwarranted stretch of imagination; the delights that he had justly forfeited; a circus of unrivalled merit and uncounted elephants; without any of the elation of high spirits that should have characterised it; (did not) admit the flawlessness of the reasoning; wriggling his way with obvious stealth of purpose; self-imposed sentry duty; having thoroughly confirmed and fortified her suspicions; the aunt by assertion; there were wonderful things for the eyes to feast on; such luxuries were not to be over-indulged in; the children could not have been said to have enjoyed themselves; (of) one who has suffered undignified and unmerited detention. 148 Answer the following questions and do the given assignments: 1. What made the boy commit the offence thus bringing the punishment upon himself? 2. What was the aunt's method of bringing up the children and what did it result in? How are the ideas of punishment and pleasure treated in the story in general? 3. Had the trip to the sands any appeal to the boy and what did he think of the pleasures promised by the aunt? What is his idea of a "treat"? 4. The author calls the boy "a skilled tactician" and not for nothing. What strategy did Nicholas work out to get into the lumber-room unnoticed and leave it without trace? 5. At the same time the author evaluates the aunt as "a woman of few ideas with immense power of concentration". How does this feature of her character define her actions in the story? What motivates her actions — strong faith or false piety? 6. The lumber-room in spite of its dust and desolation came up to the boy's expectations. What role does the lumber-room play in the evaluation of his character? 7. It was a kitchen-maid who came to the aunt's rescue. What was wrong in the family that made its members so indifferent to each other? 8. For what reasons were the members of the family silent at tea that evening? Why does the author lay special emphasis on the cause of their silence? 9. How did Nicholas manage to fight the aunt with her own weapon and finally disarm her? Speak on the conflict between the boy and the aunt: a) Does the punishment of the aunt at the hands of Nicholas suggest anything to you? b) On what issues are they opposed? 10. Speak on the story in terms of unchangeable conventional reality versus poetry and intellectual freedom. 11. On whose side do the author's sympathies lie? Based on your interpretation of the story say a few words about the author. 149 1. In what vein is the story written? 2. What are the butts of the author's irony? What does he ridicule through the character of the aunt? 3. How is irony achieved on a verbal plane? How does the ironic intention of the author affect his style (wording and syntax)? 4. Is the vocabulary employed by the author in keeping with the subject-matter or out of place? If it is out of place what is the author's criteria for word-choice? Account for the frequent use of a) military terms; b) religious words; c) judicial phrases; d) scientific arguments. 5. Is the author straightforward and direct in presenting the characters and telling the story or is he evasive and ambiguous? What is the device he resorts to, when saying: "a woman of few ideas", "prisoner in the rainwater tank", etc.? 6. How does the syntax contribute to the ironic effect? Is it formal or informal, bookish or colloquial? What turns of a phrase strike you as formal and pompous? What are the grammatical constructions favoured by the author? What does the story gain through them? 7. Besides verbal, there is dramatic irony that lies in the story, the plot, the complications of the story, the relationship of the characters. Say something about the story, the turns and twists of the plot, the ending in terms of dramatic irony. 8. The theme of the story is the conflict between prose and poetry, dogmatic, pedantic, philistine mind and poetic imagination. How does the theme affect the tone and the style of the story? 9. When does the story shift to a more poetic plane? What is presented in poetic terms? Dwell upon the description of the lumber-room. What stylistic devices are employed by the author? 10. Explain the title of the story in the light of your observation on the theme, the point and the style of the story. Give a summary of the text, dividing it into several logical parts. Make up and act out dialogues between: The aunt and Nicholas. The two aunts after the tea. Nicholas and the children after they all went to bed. 17. Suppose Nicholas turned up at the same house 20 years later after his aunt's death. Describe his reactions to his childhood surrounding. 150 VOCABULARY EXERCISES Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian. Translate the following sentences into Russian: 1. James who felt very uncomfortable in that low chair, shifted his feet uneasily, and put one of them on the cat lying beside his chair. 2. Laws shift from generation to generation. 3. Abruptly it was all gone, the elation running out of me like air out of a pricked balloon. 4. The nation's wealth in the country came to be concentrated in a few families. 5. If the facts once became known, it will be impossible for them to evade the responsibility. 6. The key to the code evaded all his efforts. 7. One would admire his excellent qualities, but avoid his company. 8. Please answer the question; do not evade. 9. Each person avoided the eyes of the others. 10. The latest reports confirmed the information he had previously received. 11. We think, we may as well give up the flat and store our things, we'll be gone for the summer. 12. The future didn't seem to hold so many fears in store. 13. We are well underway with the publication of the textbook. 14. "I can give you a lift." "No, I'm going the other way." 15. The night was pitch dark and he felt his way about. 16. He has a way with students and they crowd to his lecture. 17. There is nothing unusual of the letter, nothing out of the way. 18. My wife went into hysterics at the mention of the police, but I stood firm and at last she gave way. 19. I'll see to everything, all you have to do is not to get in the way. 20. They go out of their way to do you good ... but you feel like a fool. 21. I gave him up (abandon) because didn't want to stand in his way. 22. Remember if there is any way in which I help you, it will be a pleasure. 23. I made my way into the smoking room. 24. Now they were inclined to meet us half-way. 25. I gave way to quite ungovernable grief. 26. So we two went on our way in great happiness. 27. The way to school was plain enough; the game consisted in finding some way that wasn't plain, starting off ten minutes early in some almost hopeless direction, and working my way round through unaccustomed streets to my goal. 28. He was walking part of the way home with me. 29. She didn't say anything but made way for us to pass. 30. He estimated they were half-way to the city. 31. In contrast to the way she had been before, she was now just another elderly woman. 32. Our garden is overlooked from the neighbours' windows. 33. He complains that his services have been overlooked by his employers. 34. Carbon acid is formed when water absorbs carbon dioxide. 35! There was no amazement, but only an impression of being reminded of happy things that had in some strange way been overlooked. Give the English equivalents for: 151 перекидывать в другую руку; свалить вину на кого-л.; менять точку зрения в споре; ночная смена; поднимать настроение; быть в приподнятом настроении; приподнятое настроение; сосредоточить внимание на чём-л.; сосредоточить усилия; cocpeдоточить власть в чьих-л. руках; уклоняться от ответа; обойти закон; уклоняться от ответственности; уклоняться от воинской обязанности; уклониться от сути; подтвердить сообщение; подтвердить слухи; ратифицировать договор; утвердить; иметь про запас; запасать на зиму; отдавать (меха) на хранение снабдить экспедицию продуктами; придавать чему-л. большое значение; склад; запасы оружия; дать дорогу; уступить; дать волю (слезам); необыкновенный, незаурядный; иметь подход к кому-л; постараться изо всех сил; в виде, в качестве; , комната с видом на море; смотреть сквозь пальцы на чье-л. плохое поведение; проглядеть самое важное; пропустить ошибку; упустить из виду обстоятельство; поглощать, впитывать влагу; впитывать знания; поглощать звук быть поглощенным работой; увлекательный рассказ; быть захваченным книгой. ' a) Give the Russian equivalents for: airway, archway, carriage way, doorway, driveway, gangway, getaway, highway, midway, motorway, railway, runway, sideway, stairway, waterway. b) Give the opposite of the following statements using combination with the word "way": 1. He didn't stir a finger to help us. 2. The car will clear the way. 3. I'm sure he is at a loss and doesn't know what to do Do you think they will never agree to a compromise? What you suggest is quite common. 6. Are you going in the opposite direction? 7. The pictures are similar in every way. Paraphrase the following sentences using the essential vocabulary: 1. It was unfair of him to make me bear the responsibility 2. As soon as he realized his plan had failed, he immediately changed his position. 3. She became too excited to act wisely and committed an error. 4. I'm so tired, I am unable to pay close attention to anything. 5, His responses were intentionally vague so as to avoid answering directly. 6. The lion escaped from the hunters. 7. The letter gave additional proof to the truth of the story. 8. Their support steeled my determination to put the plan into execution. 9. Since we were leaving town for the summer, we decided to put our winter clothing in a warehouse for safe keeping. 10. She did not know what awaited her in the future. 11. Don't be overcome with despair. 12. There are some people who make a special effort to do others a good turn (to give others a helping hand). 13. I failed to notice the printer's error. 14. The people gave all their attention to building a dam in the brook. 152 Use the essential vocabulary in answering the following questions: 1. What does one usually do if he is tired of standing on his feet (of holding smth in his hand)? 2. What can a dishonest person do if he does not want to take the responsibility for his fault? 3. What do you say of one who suddenly changes his opinion in an argument? 4. How. do you feel if you get an excellent mark in an examination? 5. What must one do if he wants to solve a difficult problem? 6. What does one do if he does not want to give a direct answer to a question? 7. Why is an experiment necessary if one is not quite sure of the truth of his theory? 8. What do you call a man who is opposed to marriage? 9. What do you call a place where goods are kept? 10. What do you say of a person who makes a special effort to be nice to somebody? 11. What do you say of a person who is able to win the trust and affection of animals? 12. What do you say if you've missed a mistake in a dictation? Make up and practise short dialogues or stories using the essential vocabulary. Review the essential vocabulary and translate the following sentences into English: 1. Мальчик переминался с ноги на ногу, не зная, как ответить на вопрос. 2. С вами бесполезно спорить, вы все время меняете свою позицию. 3. Не пытайтесь переложить вину на меня, вы сами во всем виноваты. 4. Когда Лиззи узнала, что ее приняли в университет, она была в таком приподнятом настроении, что бежала всю дорогу домой, чтобы скорее сообщить об этом матери. 5. Не надо заострять внимание на проступке ребенка: 6. Почему вы уклонились от прямого ответа на мой вопрос? 7. Мистера Брауна посадили в тюрьму за неуплату налогов. 8. Его поведение на суде укрепило мои подозрения. 9. Договор будет ратифицирован после встречи на высшем уровне. 10. У него всегда есть про запас всякие смешные истории и анекдоты. 11. В начале конкурса жюри не возлагало больших надежд на конкурсанта, но он занял первое место. 12. Он имел подход к детям. 13. Мартин хорошо разбирался в обстановке и знал, чего ждать от будущего. 14. Не поддавайтесь отчаянию, все образуется. 15. Вы упустили самое существенное. 153 a) Give the Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs: When children stand quiet they have done some ill. He that cannot obey cannot command. Where there is a will there is a way. Explain in English the meaning of each proverb. Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs. CONVERSATION AND DISCUSSION DIFFICULT CHILDREN TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1. A happy child is: kind-hearted, good-natured, loving, friendly, affectionate; confident, balanced, secure; getting along (comfortably) with others; gregarious: sociable, communicative; outgoing; unselfish; hardworking, industrious; self-disciplined, self-possessed alert, motivated; conscientious, active, persevering; enthusiastic; polite, courteous; considerate, thoughtful; helpfully able to cope with difficulties, problems. An unhappy problem child is: obedient, prone to obey, submissive; disciplined, re-Pressed; depressed, distressed; mixed-up, confused, frustrated; Disturbed; neglected; self-centered; unsociable, lonely; timid, shy, fearful, sulky; indifferent, impersonal, listless; irresponsive, insensitive; hurt; humiliated; stubborn; uninterested, unmotivated, dull, inactive, bored; unable to cope with difficulties irritable, annoyed, anxious; restless, naughty, wilful; inconsistent, impulsive; undisciplined, unruly, misbehaving, disobedient; resentful, arrogant, insolent, impudent; inconsiderate, intolerant, disrespectful; unrestrained; destructive, belligerent; rude, rough, coarse, offensive; wrong-doing, delinquent, unable to cope with difficulties, problems. 154 A happy parent is: loving, caring, affectionate; kind, kind-hearted, good-natured, friendly, approving, reassuring; responsive, thoughtful, considerate, understanding; sensitive, sympathetic; sensible, reasonable; self-restrained; patient, tolerant; open, outgoing; firm, consistent; just. An unhappy difficult parent is: impulsive; indulging, pampering, babying; unreasonable; selfish, self-indulging, self-interested; self-willed, wilful; inconsistent; partial; sentimental; permissive loveless, indifferent, impersonal; insensitive, disapproving; unjust, unfair; impatient, intolerant; insensible, unreasonable, unwise; inconsistent; nagging, fussy; cold, hard, harsh, cruel; bullying, aggressive, destructive, violent; repressing, demanding, restraining; moralizing; uncompromising, tough. The Difficult Child The difficult child is the child who is unhappy. He is at war with himself, and in consequence, he is at war with the world. A difficult child is nearly always made difficult by wrong treatment at home. The moulded,1 conditioned, disciplined, repressed child — the unfree child, whose name is a Legion, lives in every corner of the world. He lives in our town just across the street, he sits at a dull desk in a dull school, and later he sits at a duller desk in an office or on a factory bench. He is docile, prone to obey authority, fearful of criticism, and almost fanatical in his desire to be conventional and correct. He accepts what he has been taught almost without question; and he hands down all his complexes and fears and frustrations to his children. Adults take it for granted that a child should be taught to behave in such a way that the adults will have as quiet a life as possible. Hence the importance attached to obedience, to manner, to docility. 1 People who use this argument do not realize that they start with an unfounded, unproved assumption — the assumption that a child will not grow or develop unless forced to do so. 155 UNIT 5 (2) TEXT From: THE LUMBER-ROOM By H. Munro Hector Munro (pseudonym Saki, 1870-1916) is a British novelist and a short-story writer. He is best known for his short stories. Owing to the death of his mother and his father's absence abroad he was brought up during childhood, with his elder brother and sister, by a grandmother and two aunts. It seems probable that their stern and unsympathetic methods account for Munro's strong dislike of anything that smacks of the conventional and the self-righteous. He satirised things that he hated. Munro was killed on the French front during the first world war. In her Biography of Saki Munro's sister writes: "One of Munro's aunts, Augusta, was a woman of ungovernable temper, of fierce likes and dislikes, imperious, a moral coward, possessing no brains worth speaking of, and a primitive disposition." Naturally the last person who should have been in charge of children. The character of the aunt in The Lumber-Room is Aunt Augusta to the life. |