Английский для нефтяников. Практическое занятие 1 Global Giant Практическое занятие 2 Presenting Company
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Task 5. Do the following sentences describe preventions or solutions to drilling problems? Place a 'P'or 'S' in each line to indicate 'prevention' or 'solution': Задание 5. Прочитайте предложения, определите, описывают они решение или предотвращение проблем бурения. Поставьте букву 'P' (предотвращение) или 'S' (решение) после каждого предложения: 1. Chemicals, such as potassium salts, are added to the drilling mud to inhibit sloughing shale. 2. A lost circulation additive, such as fibre, flake or grain, is used when a zone of lost circulation is encountered. 3. A stuck pipe can be freed by jarring the drillstring. 4. Spiral-grooved drill collars are often used to prevent wall sticking. 5. Formation damage in a well can be treated by well stimulation, acidizing or hydraulic fracturing. 6. If you drill the formation using brine (very salty water), formation damage can be reduced. 7. To reduce the risk of corrosion, it is necessary to use more expensive and resistant steel in the drillstring. 8. To retrieve pipe from a well, either a spear or an overshoot is used, screwed into the bottom of a fishing string. (See the below pictures for other examples of fishing tools.). 9. There are various methods of killing a well when a kick is detected, and hopefully it will not turn into a full-scale blowout. Практическое занятие 15 Preventing Blowouts Предупреждать выброс offshore в открытом море flow фонтанирование divert отклонять, поворачивать ignify воспламенять derrick буровая установка consequences последствия prevent предотвращать fire crew пожарная бригада cap закрывать пробкой, перекрывать damage повреждать destroy разрушать Task 1. Read the case study of a blowout. In what order did these events take place?: Задание 1. Прочитайте историю нерегулируемого выброса газа. Расположите события в хронологическом порядке: 1. A well control company was called in. 2. The rig and platform were evacuated. 3. The well caught fire. 4. The well was killed. 5. Weighted drilling mud was circulated. Blow out on Ensco 51 Working offshore Louisiana, the crew of the Ensco 51 had just set casing when the well experienced an uncontrolled flow, causing a blowout and fire. Attempts were made to stem the increasing flow of gas and fluids from 10+ valve using sea water and weighted drilling mud, but sufficient volume could not be added to slow the flow. The flow continued to increase and the decision was made to abandon both the rig and platform at 0300 hours. The 10+ valve was opened to divert the flow of gas away from the rig and platform, and all 43 personnel were then safely evacuated via two lifeboats to Platform B. Specialist personnel from Wild Well Control were called in to help with capping and killing operations, but the gas flow ignited in the early hours of 02 March, due to an unknown ignition source. The well partially bridged on 03 March, causing the fire to go out, and the well was subsequently killed. Production on the platform had been shut in during drilling ops, which probably prevented a greater fire. During the fire, the Ensco 51’s derrick and substructure were completely destroyed, with the derrick collapsing onto the platform. The platform and its production equipment were also extensively damaged. Task 2. Read the dialogue. Answer the questions: Задание 2. Прочитайте диалог. Ответьте на вопросы: What are the differences between this blowout and the one described in the Ensco 51 case study? Which incident has the more serious consequences? Paul Downey: Jose Miguel. How are you doing? Jose Miguel: Not too good, Paul. We’ve got a big problem. PD: Go on. JM: Well, we’ve got a blowout on Number 5 rig. PD: Number 5? I thought we’d completed on 5. JM: No, not quite, we were just tripping out when we got a big kick. PD: Is anybody hurt? JM: Well, there are no fatalities at least. But Okie’s got a broken arm and both the others have got cuts and bruises. PD: And you’re OK? JM: I’m fine, Paul, but it’s a real mess here. PD: And what about damage? JM: Yes, there’s quite a lot. One corner of the derrick’s blown off and a big chunk of the drilling floor has gone. PD: Any fire? JM: Not so far, but we’re keeping a close watch. PD: So, what happened exactly? JM: Well, the string was around 200 metres from the surface and we got a warning from the loggers. We circulated kill mud, but it was obviously too late. PD: Did you manage to close the BOP? JM: No, we were just about to close it when it blew. PD: And what’s happening at the moment? JM: Well, there’s mud everywhere. The fire crew are standing by and the medics are looking after the guys. I’ve called for the helicopter to take Okie off to hospital. PD: Have you called well control? JM: No, I wanted to call you first. I’ll do that right away. PD: Jose, I’ve got to get back to my meeting. I’d better tell them what’s going on - they’re paying after all! You’re doing a great job. There’s nothing more you can do. Keep me informed, won’t you. JM: Yes, of course. Bye. Task 3. These sentences are connected to the situations described in tasks 1 and 2. Choosethebestverbtocompleteeachsentence: Задание 3. Эти предложения описывают ситуации из заданий 1 и 2. Выберите подходящий по смыслу глагол из предложенных в скобках: 1 The platform was _____ (bridged/killed/abandoned). 2 The well was _____ (killed / circulated / ignited). 3 Weighted mud was _____. (capped / circulated / blown off). 4 The crew were _____ (abandoned / evacuated / damages). 5 The derrick was _____ (hurt / opened / destroyed). 6 The valve was _____ (completed / cased / closed). 7 The roughneck's arm was _____ (broken / damaged / destroyed). 8 The decision was _____ (done / made / produced). 9 The gas was _____ (ignited / sparked / blown). 10 The well control team was _____ (called off / called in / called forward). Task 4. Look at the following sentences. In each sentence there are two actions. Does the second action happen before, during or after the first action?: Задание 4. Прочитайте предложения и определите последовательность совершения действий: 1. The crew had just set casing when the well experienced an uncontrolled flow. 2. As the flow continued to increase, the decision to abandon the platform was taken. 3. Production on the platform had been shut in during drilling ops, which probably prevented a greater fire. 4. We were just tripping out when we got a big kick. 5. We circulated kill mud when we got a kick warning from the loggers. 6. We were thinking about closing the BOP valve when the well blew. Практическое занятие 16 Optimized Drilling Оптимизированное бурение slant drilling направленное наклонное бурение reservoir месторождение, нефтеносный слой wellbore ствол скважины slimhole drilling бурение скважины малого диаметра bottomhole забой coiled tubing коил тюбинг rubble обломки, галька insulation изоляция, изолирование conventional drilling обычное, стандартное бурение multilateral многосторонний cuttings обломки выбуренной породы gas emission выделение газа environment окружающая среда directional drilling наклонное бурение offshoot боковая ветвь reel барабан Task 1. Read and translate the text: Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст: Drilling Technologies With conventional drilling, oil and natural gas wells were drilled vertically at depths ranging from a few thousand feet to as deep as five miles. But new directional drilling (also known as slant drilling or deviation drilling) and horizontal drilling technologies allow drills to deviate from the vertical plane and go horizontal - or beyond. For oil and natural gas producers, this means reaching reservoirs that are not located directly beneath the drilling rig, and avoiding sensitive surface and subsurface environmental features. Advances in directional drilling now permit multilateral drilling, where multiple offshoots of a single wellbore radiate in different directions and can contact resources at different depths. Development of this technology is recent and rapid, and promotes the use of one site instead of many sites. At the same time, drilling away from the vertical plane has produced new challenges in extracting oil and natural gas from sophisticated drilling units. Coiled tubing technology has helped the industry meet this challenge. Coiled tubing is a continuous-length hollow steel cylinder of varying widths. Stored on a reel, coiled tubing is flexible, contains no joints and can be uncoiled or coiled repeatedly as needed. Since a significant percentage of oil production takes place from costly offshore platforms, coiled tubing has proven to be especially economical. The equipment can be set up quickly, it runs at higher speeds and it can work in existing wells. But it isn't just the direction of the drill bit that has been revolutionized. Every time a drill bit enters rock below the surface, it displaces bits of rock called 'cuttings', which then become rubble. Recent advancements in slimhole drilling have significantly reduced cuttings volumes. As the name suggests, the slimhole drill is smaller and displaces less rock. For example, a slimhole drilled to more than 2 V.г miles in depth and ending with a 4 Ys-inch-diameter bottomhole, produces one-third fewer cuttings than a standard well at the same depth. Both coiled tubing and slimhole drilling enable less disruptive, quieter drilling operations, minimizing the noise for wildlife or humans near the well site. Since coiled tubing is a continuous pipe, most noises associated with conventional drilling pipes are avoided. Efficient insulation and the equipment's smaller size further reduce noise levels. For example, the noise level of a conventional rig from a quarter-mile away is 55 decibels (less than the hum of an air conditioner), while a coiled tubing unit's noise level at the same distance is just 40 decibels (27% quieter). The smaller size of coiled tube drilling also cuts fuel use and reduces gas emissions when compared with traditional drilling. Task 2. Match one of these summaries to each passage: Задание 2. Сопоставьте эти предложения с каждым абзацем текста: This passage is about… a) benefits to the environment of new technologies. b) drilling in wells with a very small diameter. c) drilling formations which are not directly beneath the rig. d) drilling with flexible piping instead of steel joints. e) drilling several formations at the same time from the same rig. Task 3. Make comparisons between yesterday's technology and the more efficient technologies of today by completing the following sentences. Usethephrasesinthebox: Задание 3. Закончите предложения, используя слова, данные в рамочке:
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