Английский для нефтяников. Практическое занятие 1 Global Giant Практическое занятие 2 Presenting Company
 Скачать 1.01 Mb.
|
|
Manager: So, can you describe the geological formation of Carson Sound? Geophysicist: Sure. As we have explained in our report, this field appears to be an extension of the Prudhoe Bay field. If I could describe the geology of Prudhoe Bay first of all, it will help me to explain the geology of Carson Sound. This diagram shows the central North Slope. As you can see, Prudhoe Bay is the result of a combination of structural and stratigraphic circumstances. They were formed by unconformities created when the rocks were uplifted during rifting and then buried again. Manager: So, how is the accumulation trapped? Geophysicist: Well, on the north side of the bay the field is sealed by a normal fault, and in the south by south-dipping shales, which overlie the reservoir sand. The western extent of the oil is limited by a structural saddle in the upper surface of the reservoir. Unconformities and overlaying shales seal the crest and the eastern flank of the oilfield. Manager: So Carson Sound is part of the same formation, is it? Geophysicist: Well, the oil is certainly from the same source, but there are one or two crucial differences. Вопросы: Questions: 1 Why does the geophysicist describe the geology of Prudhoe Bay? 2 How is the field sealed on each side – north, south, west and east? Task 3. Now read the continuation of the meeting and discuss the questions in pairs: Задание 3. Прочитайте продолжение диалога и обсудите следующие вопросы в парах: 1. What is the connection between Mukluk and Carson Sound? 2. Do you think that the manager should be worried? Geophysicist: I have to tell you that there is always the risk that Carson Sound could turn out to be a Mukluk. Manager: What do you mean, a Mukluk? Geophysicist: Yes, I suppose that was before your time! Mukluk was one of the biggest financial disasters in oil and gas history – in 1983, nearly twenty years after the huge success story of Prudhoe Bay. Manager: Go on. Geophysicist: Well, Mukluk is just on the other side of Prudhoe Bay, and it was also an angular unconformity trap, like Carson Sound. Seismic data indicated a potential reservoir rock in the same Sadlerochit Sandstone with a shale cap rock. The lease was sold for an estimated $1.5 billion and 12 companies spent $100 million on building an artificial island in the Beaufort Sea, and then a further $150 million on exploration drilling. They were looking at anything between two billion and 10 billion barrels of oil, depending on who you believe. Manager: Wow! So what happened? Geophysicist: Absolutely nothing. It turned out that the oil had leaked out of the formation centuries ago. There was nothing left. It is still the most expensive dry hole ever! Manager: Well, this isn’t nearly as big, is it? Geophysicist: No, but you still don’t want to waste your money, do you? Manager: And what are the chances of that happening? Task 4. Read the descriptions of each stage of the process below which explain how a petroleum trap is formed in the two largest fields in North America, the East Texas field and the Prudhoe Bay field. Put the first five sentences in the correct chronological order. The final stage in the last sentence is in the correct place: Задание 4. Прочитайте описание стадий формирования нефтяных ловушек в месторождениях EastTexas и PrudhoeBay. Распределитепятьпредложенийвхронологическомпорядке: Angular unconformity traps 1. The seas again invaded the area and a layer of chalk was deposited on the angular unconformity. This would become the cap rock of the East Texas field. 2. The sandstone was buried beneath the subsurface as it became covered by a layer of sediments from the sea. 3. Later, the Sabine Uplift, a geological event along the Texas-Louisiana border, arched up and exposed the Woodbine sandstone above the surface of the sea. 4. Approximately 100 million years ago, East Texas was covered by shallow ocean. The Woodbine sandstone was deposited during this geological era. This would become the formation rock of the East Texas field. 5. The top of the arch of the Woodbine sandstone was eroded and an angular unconformity was created. Eventually, petroleum migrated from its source in the Eagle Ford shale along the Woodbine sandstone and became trapped by the layer of Austin chalk, accumulating into a reservoir of some five billion barrels of oil. Task 5. Speak on «The geology of petroleum traps». Задание 5. Перескажитетекст«The geology of petroleum traps». Практическое занятие 19 Geological Consulting to the Oil and Gas Industry Геологическое консультирование нефтегазовой промышленности consultant консультант prospects поиски, разведка teamed up with объединяться, работать сообща concession концессионный договор tectonic setting тектоническое положение acreage площадь земли в акрах dry hole непродуктивная скважина farm-in opportunities возможность получить разрешение на поиск нефти и газа licensed blocks земля, на которую имеется разрешение для разведки risk assessment оценка риска stochastic calculation вероятностные подсчеты cumulative reserves подсчет совокупного количества нефти, добытой из скважины на определенную дату ultimate endowment подсчет общего количества нефти, добытой из скважины за все время ее эксплуатации depletion истощение скважины risky venture рискованное вложение денег cautious надежный Task 1. Read an e-mail written by a consultant petroleum geologist, Paul Selby, to the manager of the Exploration Division of a large oil and gas company in Qatar, Adel Al-Jalawi. Whatisthepurposeofthee-mail? Задание 1. Прочитайте электронное письмо геолога-консультанта Пола Селби руководителю отдела разведки месторождений одной из больших нефтегазовых компаний в Катаре Адель-аль-Жалави. Каковацельписма? Dear Mr Al-Jalawi I contacted you just over two years ago and you were good enough to allow me time to show you some data we had assembled on prospects in the Ngosso and Iroko license areas off the coast of Cameroon. In the end, you decided not to invest in this area, but as you will know, it has become apparent since then that there are some excellent prospects here. A number of other companies have drilled wildcats and over a dozen wells are now producing. We have continued to do research offshore of Cameroon, as well as of Gabon and Equitorial Guinea, and we have now teamed up with a seismic company, Exploration Geosciences. If you would be interested in seeing our findings on more than 20 prospects in offshore West Africa, I would be delighted to make an appointment to present and discuss them in greater depth. I have attached an updated list of our main petroleum geology services. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Paul Selby Managing Director, Selby Geo-Prospects Ltd Task 2. Read an extract from the attachment sent by Paul Selby. Answer the questions which topic is relevant if a company would like…: Задание 2. Прочитайте отрывок из приложения, которое прикрепил Пол Селби к своему письму, и ответьте на вопросы: Which topic is relevant if a company would like… 1. to have more information about areas which are already being drilled? 2. to know how much oil and gas is present in a possible oil and gas field? 3. to have detailed geological information about an oil and gas field? These are the main services offered by Selby Geo-Prospects. Please contact us if there are any geological or geophysical services you would like us to supply. Regional evaluations Countries, regions, basins, concessions. Analysis of tectonic setting, structural evolution, stratigraphy, geochemistry, petroleum systems, exploration history, reserves and future potential. Open-acreage assessment Exploration history, drilling results, discoveries, dry holes, reservoirs, seals, traps, source rocks, timing of migration and remaining potential. Identification of farm-in opportunities Evaluation of currently licensed blocks to assess remaining potential in terms of drilling results to date, unexplored petroleum systems, undeveloped reserves and yet-to-find potential. Risk assessment and chance of success Assessment of risk and chance factor based on reservoir, seal, trap and source rock parameters. Ranking according to degree of risk. Prospect evaluations Evaluation of reservoir, seal, trap and source rock characteristics, burial history and stochastic calculation of potential reserves. Reserves assessment For countries, regions, basins and concessions. History of discoveries, cumulative reserves, production, remaining reserves, reserves replacement, yet-to-find oil and ultimate endowment. Studies of individual fields Structure, size, reservoir characteristics, seal, source rock, reserves, drilling history, Production history, reservoir behavior, depletion and remaining reserves. Technical reports On the above topics or on a combination of the above topics. Task 3. Read the extracts from e-mails written by Paul Selby, the consultant petroleum geologist, to clients and potential clients. Which of the services is he writing about? Задание 3. Прочитайте выдержки из письма геолога-консультанта Пола Селби своим клиентам. Ответьте на вопрос: «О каких услугах он пишет?» 1. We have carried out research into the drilling and production which have taken place at this field and our findings are as follows: … 2. According to our calculations, the chances of success in each of these reserves are as follows: ... 3. As you know, we have been operating in this region for some time and we have gathered a huge quantity of data that you might be interested in. 4. Approximately 70% of the block is currently licensed, but we believe that there are still exciting opportunities available among the remaining acreages. 5. We are pleased to accept your offer of contract to carry out evaluation of remaining potential in your F2 reserve offshore Equatorial Guinea. Task 4. Read the reply that Paul Selby received from Adel Al-Jalawi. Fill in the gaps in the e-mail using modal verbs from the table below. Sometimes there may be more than one correct answer: Задание 4. Прочитайте ответ, который получил Пол Селби от Адель-аль-Жалави. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами, данными в рамочке. В некоторых случаях возможно несколько правильных ответов:
Dear Mr. Selby Thank you very much for your e-mail. I remember our meeting and we were all impressed with the quality of your presentation and the detail of your research data. As I explained after we met, our reasons for deciding against investment in West Africa were political. A: the time, we felt that the region lacked the stability we required to make a firm long-term commitment. I believe it was the correct decision and that it (1) _____ have been a very risky venture two years ago. Of course, we have been monitoring the situation, but we remain cautious as to whether we (2) _____ invest there or not. Nevertheless, we (3) _____ be very pleased to hear your views and you (4) _____ be able to convince us to go ahead. We (5) _____ be available for a meeting sometime in the week beginning 16th Feb. Please (6) ______ you let me know if you (7) _____ be able to travel to Qatar at that time? Jamila, my secretary (8) _____ be pleased to help you make any arrangements you (9) _____ need. Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Adel Al-Jalawi Task 5. Here are some sentences that say the same thing, but in a different style, according to whether they come from formal or informal e-mails. Complete the sentences with one suitable word in each space: Задание 5. Ознакомьтесь с разностилевыми синонимичными фразами, которые используются в письмах. Заполните пропуски, подходящими словами:
Task 6. Look through a selection of openings and closings to e-mails and say which of these are informal and which of them are formal: Задание 6. Просмотрите подборку фраз, которые используются в начале и в конце письма, и определите, к какому стилю они относятся: Hi James, Dear MsO'Hea, Dear Sirs, Dear Olga, Hello Pete,.. Best wishes, Take care, Yours faithfully, Kind regards, Yours sincerely, ... . Task 7. Write a formal e-mail to a client of your company. Describe briefly the services your company offers and ask for a meeting to present some more information: Задание 7. Напишите официальное электронное письмо клиенту вашей компании. Опишите коротко те услуги, которые предоставляет ваша компания, и спросите о возможности встречи для предоставления дополнительной информации. Используйтевыражения: Use expressions: Thank you very much… We would be very pleased to… I would be very grateful if… May I wish you… Please don’t hesitate to… I look forward to meeting you. |