ПРАКТИКУМ ДЛЯ ДНР 2. Практикум по английскому языку для студентов и слушателей заочной и дистанционной формы обучения
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E X E R C I S E S.Ex. 1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратите внимание на ударения sepa΄rate par΄ticular ΄structure appli΄cation ΄service ΄special ob΄servance ΄start ope΄rate de΄partment ΄local pro΄tect Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex. 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. Prosecutor is an official initiated ….. law-making procedure; b) criminal proceedings on behalf of the state; adopting the state budget 2. The prosecutor’s office is vested with the powers …… to hold a charge; b) initiate a new legislation; c) to manage visa regime. 3. In DPR the composition, arrangement and responsibilities of the prosecutor’s office are confirmed …… in the 5th Chapter of the Constitution; b) in the 10th Chapter of the Constitution; c) in the 6th Chapter of the Constitution 4. The Prosecutor General in DPR is appointed to office …… with the consent of the President; b) with the consent of the Supreme Soviet; c) according to the referendum. 5. In Great Britain the body responsible for public prosecution is….. the Crown Prosecution Service; b) Home Office; c) the Parliament Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. The word itself originates from Latin procurare meaning “to care of”(.). 2. The prosecutor’s office is vested with the powers to undertake the prosecution, to hold a charge, to present the state interests in the court (.). 3. The 4th Part of DPR Constitution states the functions and responsibilities entrusted with prosecuting in court on behalf of the State; representing the interests of a citizen and the State in court in cases determined by law (.). 4. The Prosecutor General heads the Prosecutor’s Office of DPR for the four years term. 5. In Great Britain the body responsible for public prosecution is the Crown Prosecution Service headed by the Prime Minister (.). 6. This Service started operating in 1986 when the special decision of the reigning monarch (.). 7. In the USA the prosecutors are elected to office (.). 8. The status of the prosecutor’s office is the same in all the countries (.). 9. The Prosecutor General is appointed to office with the consent of the President (.). 10. The US prosecutors are responsible to present evidence at a hearing before a grand jury (.). Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы 1. What does the Latin word procurare mean? 2. What does the prosecutor initiate? 3. What powers is a prosecutor vested with? 4. What are the phases of a criminal proceeding? 5. What document confirms the status p a prosecutor’s office in DPR? 6. What is the Head of the Prosecutor’s Office in DPR? 7. What is the UK Crown prosecution Service responsible for? 8. Are the prosecutors elected to office or appointed in the USA? 9. How do prosecutor’s responsibilities vary? 10. How does the structural arrangement of the prosecutor’s office vary from country to country? Ex. 6. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста TEXT B. THE COURT. A court is a state body responsible for exercising justice in the way of proceedings and disposition of criminal, civil, administrative and other categories of cases, according to the procedural actions of a state. Courts are divided into customary and emergency; the forming of the last ones is forbidden almost by all modern Constrictions. The customary courts are subdivided into the courts of the common competence and specialized courts such as military tribunals, arbitration courts (industrial, trade, business), tax courts, customs courts, etc. Constitutional and administrative courts are the special varieties of courts. In some countries there are the religious courts (for example, the court of Shariat in the Muslims states – Iran, Iraqi, Pakistan, and Sudan) and the courts of the ordinary law (for example, the tribe courts in some countries of tropical Africa). In the states with the federal arrangement the courts are divided into federal ones and the courts of subjects of the federation. Courts may be divided into the instances: the court of the first instance, the court of appeal, and the cassation court, etc. Courts protect rights and legal interests of citizens, corporate bodies and a state. Courts are independent in their activity; they are accountable only to the law. Any interference into the justice is forbidden. Chapter 5 of the Constitution of DPR defines the operating of the courts in Republic E X E R C I S E S.Ex. 1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратите внимание на ударения ´competence ´tribunals var´ieties fede´ration ´instance cas´sation ´corporate ope´rating Ex. 2. Определите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex. 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. A court is a state body responsible for …….. a) exercising justice, b) punishing criminals, c) making laws 2. The customary courts are subdivided into ……. constitutional and administrative, b) courts of the common competence and specialized courts, c) appeal and cassation 3. Courts protect rights and legal interests of …… the ruling clique, b) citizens, corporate bodies and a state, c) local authorities 4. The courts are accountable …….. to the President, b) to the Parliament, c) to the law 5. The Constitution of DPR defines the operating of the courts in ………. a) in Chapter 6, b) in Chapter 12, c) in Chapter 5. Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. A court is a private body responsible for exercising justice (._). 2. A court exercises justice in the way of proceedings and disposition of criminal, civil, administrative and other categories of cases (..). 3. Courts are divided into customary and emergency (…). 4. Constitutional and administrative courts are the special varieties of courts (…). 5. Courts may be divided into the instances: the court of the first instance, the court of appeal, and the cassation court (…). Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы 1. What is a court responsible for? 2. What way does a court exercise justice? 3. What types are the courts divided into? 4. What are the special courts? 5. What countries are there religious courts? 6. What instances may the courts be divided into? 7. Whose rights and interests do the courts protect? 8. What articles of DPR Constitution define the functioning of courts? 9. What are courts accountable to? Ex. 6. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста TEXT C. POLICE The word police is derived from the Greek word polis meaning the administration of public safety, health, and order of the state. .A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. Alternative names for police force include constabulary, gendarmerie, police department, police service, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Chapter 7, Article 94 of DPR Constitution define the following tasks of police: to ensure personal security of citizens, to prevent crimes and administrative wrongs, to clear up crimes, to maintain public order, to protect public order and to ensure social security, to assist citizens, officials, enterprises, social organizations in setting up their legal rights and interest within the limits defined by the Constitution. The other duties can be defined only by special laws. The activity of police is organized according to the principles of legality, humanism, respect of human rights, etc. It is forbidden to humiliate a person, to insult him, to inflict injury etc. Nowadays the great attention in militia work is paid to the prevention of crimes. But if a crime has been committed, the police officers must detect it as quickly as possible. To fulfill this task successfully there are various departments within the system of Internal Affairs subdivisions – Criminal Police, Police of Public Safety, Transport Police, State Traffic Inspection, Security and Protection Service, Specialized Police Service. Besides there are specialized agencies responsible for fulfilling this or that tasks. So the Crime Investigation Department is one of the most complicated militia agencies. The officers of the Crime Investigation Department are responsible for tracing a criminal, then for locating and apprehending him. They gather facts to prove the guilt or innocence of the suspected. The final phase in the crime investigation is presenting evidence in the court. Economic Crimes Department fights against those who don’t want to live an honest life. The responsibility of its officers is to reveal the criminal activity endangering the economy of the state, the stability of financial market, etc. The State Auto-Inspection is responsible for traffic regulation and safety on the roads. The Transport Police maintains law and order on the railways, airlines and waterways of the country. The Juvenile Inspection handles “difficult” juveniles and their careless parents. Its officers do much to prevent juvenile delinquency. The Correctional Labour System is supposed to rehabilitate offenders through labour. This is the purpose of correctional establishments. MIA structure – Структура МВД
Signs of Distinction – Знаки отличия
E X E R C I S E S. Ex. 1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратите внимание на ударения. ´military as´sist phase ´present fi´nancial ´volunteer ´humanism ´trace sta´bility e´conomy ad´ministrate ´various lo`cate cor´rectional in´spection Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex. 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. The word “police” originates from the Latin word polis meaning ….. a) military service, civilian volunteer corps, b) detective service, c) law-making service 2. Police are a system of state bodies of the judicial power, b) of the executive power, c) of the legislative power 3. Police are responsible for ….. passing laws, b) scrutinizing government’s work, c) maintaining public order 4. The activity of police is organized according to the principles ….. of legality, b) of presumption of innocence, c) undivided authority 5. Nowadays the great attention in police work is paid to …. curbing the corruption, b) preventing crimes, c) enlarging militia staff Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. The word “police” originates from the Greek word polis.( ). 2. The words “militia” means the “civil voluntary crops” ( ). 3. Militia is responsible for protecting citizens’ life, health, rights and freedoms from the criminal and other unlawful encroachments ( ). 4. The legal status of police is defined by the “Law on Police” of DPR ( ). 5. To fulfill all the tasks defined by the “Law on police” there are various departments within the system of Internal Affairs agencies – Crime Investigation Department, Department of the Organized Crime, Drug Enforcement Department, Traffic Department, Forensic Department, etc. ( ). 6. The Crime Investigation Department is one of the most secret police agencies ( ). 7. The responsibility of Economic Crimes Department officers is to reveal the criminal activity endangering integrity of the state ( ). 8. The State Auto-Inspection is responsible for detecting the crimes linked with the corruption in police agencies ( ). 9. The Juvenile Inspection does much to prevent juvenile delinquency ( ). 10. There is a Drug Enforcement Department within the structure of Police. Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы. 1. Which state power does police belong to? 2. Where are its duties and responsibilities defined in? 4. What are police responsible for? 5. How many Departments are there in police? 6. Which Departments are obligatory for fulfilling its main duties? 7. What is the difference between the State Auto-Inspection and the Transport Police? 8. What is the contingent of Organized Crime Department? 9. What does the Juvenile Inspection do? 10. What new police structures have appeared last time? Ex. 6. Дайтекраткоеизложениесодержаниятекста TEXT D. CUSTOMS HOUSE Ex. 1.: заполните таблицу соответствующими частями речи
Ex. 2. переведите словосочетания со словом CUSTOMS и используйте их в предложениях
1. When crossing the border tourists are to fill in ………… . 2. ………..a totality of normative and legal acts, regulating the financial practice to control transporting of goods. 3. Our section is busy with …….. of goods and vehicles. 4. Each item transporting through the state border is imposed with ……… 5. The order of application of ………..system is specified by the government and “the Law on custom tariff”. 6. My brother works in the airport to guard …… 7. At the briefing the Minister of Finance spoke much of ……. caused by the economic sanctions. 8. Brown knows perfectly well ………. and he is the most experienced officer. Ex. 3.: найдите английские и русские соответствия
Ex. 4: прочитайтеипереведитетекст Custom is a practice that has been followed in a particular locality in such circumstances that it is to be accepted as a part of law of that locality. Custom is one of four sources of international law. Its elaboration is a complex process involving the accumulation of state practice A custom house or customs house was a building housing the offices for the government officials who processed the paperwork for the import and export of goods into and out of a country. Customs is a body of state borders guard exercising foreign trade and customs policy of a state. Its functions are the following: to collect customs duties of exporting and importing goods through the state border; to check the luggage, cargo and vehicles transporting through the borders with the purpose to enforce laws and rules of the country. The customs examinations are conducted directly on the border – in the airports, seaports, railway stations. Ex. 5: дайте английские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний перевозимый груз, защищать закон, пограничная охрана, осуществлять торговлю, таможенное право, определенные обстоятельства, быть рациональным по природе, таможенный досмотр, источник права, процесс вовлечения, проводить напрямую, багаж, с целью, железнодорожный вокзал. Ex. 6: найдите синонимы в группах слов
Ex. 7: завершитепредложения 1. Custom is a practice acting on …….. 2. Customs practice starts its history ……. 3. Custom is one of ………… .4. Government officials process the paperwork …... 5. Customs is a body of state borders guard ……… 6. Customs duties are collected when …….. 7. Luggage, cargo and vehicles are checked …….. Ex. 8: определитеправильныйответ 1. What practice does custom denote? a) financial b) military c) technical 2. What legal sphere does custom belong to? a) administrative law b) international law c) civil law 3. What work are custom officials involved to? a) research work b) documentary work c) educational work 4. What goods are under the control of custom officials? a) overdue b) banned c) entering and leaving the country 5. What is the purpose of customs control? a) to secure financial integrity b) to protect 6. Where is custom control conducted? a) on the border b) in the booking office c) in the waiting-room Ex. 9: составьте предложения, осуществив необходимый перевод
Ex. 10: переведите на английский язык Таможня – государственный орган, через который ввозятся в страну и вывозятся из страны все импортируемые и экспортируемые товары, а также багаж, почтовые отправления и другие грузы. В зависимости от географического расположения могут быть выделены таможни 1) пограничные, 2) внутренние. В зависимости от специфики таможенных операций таможни могут классифицироваться на сухопутные, воздушные, морские и речные. В последнее время стали появляться специализированные таможни (например: энергетическая). Topical vocabulary
U N I T 4. WHAT IS A LAW. TEXT A. What is a Law? A. Actually the word “Law” (Scandinavian borrowing) is very difficult to define as people use it in two meanings 1) as the set of rules or regulations made by authorities for controlling relations and people’s behavior in the society and 2) as legally determined spheres of law science. Laws as the signs of the community’s civilization date back to the epoch of slave owning society, at the period of dividing a society into classes. They may be descriptive, which explain how people or even natural phenomena usually behave, and prescriptive which explain how people ought to behave. Some of them are customs and traditions, which are informal rules of social and moral behavior. But a society is creating its own rules in the status of laws maintaining public order, resoling disputes that arise between individuals and imposing responsibility. B. Since the law does cover a wide variety of matters it is helpful to divide it into different categories. The first distinction is that between international and national (municipal) law; national law is classified into public and private law; finally these classification is sub-divided into a number of different categories. International law is concerned with disputes between nations; much of this law comes from treaties, which have been agreed by the governments of the countries. National law is the law, which applies within a country. Within national law there is usually a clear distinction between public and private law. Public Law involves the State or government in some way, while Private Law is concerned with disputes between private individuals or businesses. Public law involves three main branches such as Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and Criminal Law. As for Private Law usually called Civil Law it has many different branches: Contract Law, Tort Law, Company Law, Law of succession, Employment Law etc. E X E R C I S E S. Ex. 1. Прочитайте международные слова, определите их значение. Обратитевниманиенаударения ´aspect classi´fy regu´lation ´ primary ´dispute ´category ´epoch ´sphere ´natural va´riety ´private indi´vidual Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex. 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. The word “Law” is very difficult to define as people use it ….. in many meanings, b) in 2 meanings, c) 4 meanings 2. A law is a set of rules made by authorities for ….. a) keeping people in the fear, b) developing legislation, c) controlling people’s relations in the society 3. A law as a sign of the community’s civilization dates back to ….. prehistoric times, b) slave owning society, c) the Renaissance 4. The relations between people in a society are regulated by ….. prescriptive laws, b) descriptive laws, c) international laws 5. Within national law there is usually a clear distinction between …… criminal and civil law, b) tax and ecological law, c) public and private law Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. A law as a sign of the community’s civilization dates back to the period of dividing a society into classes ( ). 2. The relations between people in a society are regulated by descriptive laws ( ). 3. It is helpful to divide laws into different categories as they cover a variety of matters in a society’s life ( ). 4. The general distinction is that between private and public law (.). 5. Much of international law comes from treaties, which have been agreed by the governments of the countries (.). 6. National law is the law, which applies outside a country (.). 7. Within national law there is usually a clear distinction between public and private law (.). 8. The Public law involves two main branches such as Constitutional Law, Administrative Law (.). 9. The Private Law is usually called Civil Law (.). 10. There are many ways of treating the meaning of the word “Law”. Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы. 1. Why is it difficult to define the meaning of the word “law”? 2. What types of Laws are there? 3. What laws is a society’s life regulated by? 4. What are laws created by authorities for? 5. What are the main categories of laws according to outside and inside practice? 6. What is the ground of international law? 7. What categories is national law divided into? 8. How many branches of law does the Public Law contain? 9. Why is the number of the Civil Law branches so great? 10. What does the word “law” derive from? Ex. 6. Дайте краткое изложение содержания текста |