ПРАКТИКУМ ДЛЯ ДНР 2. Практикум по английскому языку для студентов и слушателей заочной и дистанционной формы обучения
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E X E R C I S E SEx. 1. Заполните таблицу пропущенными словами обозначенных частей речи
Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. A crime is an act deemed to be…… a) a public boom b) a public wrong c) a public statement 2. Every crime consists of ……. a) public wrong accompanied by a specific intent b) human rights violation accompanied by a man’s cry c) physical damage accompanied by building destruction 3. The prosecution must prove ….. a) the elements of chemical composition b) the elements of the offence c) the elements of the design 4. Most prosecutions for crime are brought ……. a) by the army b) by the judge c) by the police 5. Crimes are divided into …… a) soft and harsh b) punishable and non-punishable c) arrestable and non-arrestable Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. A crime is an act or omission considered to be a wrong by the legislature (….). 2. A crime is an act punishable by the government in criminal proceedings (….). 3. The prosecution must prove such elements of a crime as a criminal act and criminal intend (…). 4. Crimes are divided into indictable and summary ones (…..). 5. Murders and rapes are deemed to be serious wrongs of a moral nature (…..). 6. Crimes are divided into crimes against a state and a person (….). 7. The punishments for a crime depend on the personality of an offender (….). 8. The judges have no discretion in deciding on the punishment (….). 9. Most prosecutions for crimes are brought by the private people (….). 10. Summary offences are required the trial examining exercised by a judge and jury (….). Ex. 5. Ответьте на вопросы 1. What is a crime? 2. What institutions is a crime punishable by? 3. What way is a crime punished by a state? 4. What forms of punishments may be used by a society? 5. What elements does a crime consist of? Ex. 6. Дайтекраткоеизложениесодержаниятекста TEXT B. Classification of crimes. In many Western jurisdictions crimes are divided into two categories – crimes against a person and crimes against property. Besides there are some alternative approaches to classify crimes due to the object of criminal activity (child abuse), to the way of the commitment (organized crime), the doer of the criminal act (white collar crimes) etc. Due to the US crime index one crime is committed every 2 seconds in the country; one violent crime is committed every 17 seconds (particularly, murder – every 22 seconds, forcible rape – every 5 seconds, robbery – 49 seconds, aggravated assault – every 30 seconds); one property crime is committed every 2 seconds (particularly, burglary – every 10 seconds, larceny or theft – every 4 seconds, auto vehicle theft – every 19 seconds). Violent crimes. This category of crime according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) includes murder (homicide, manslaughter, assassination), rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. Because the UCR depends upon reports (to police) of crimes, the “official statistics” on these offences are apt to reflect the actual incidence of such crimes. Murder – although the exact definition of murder varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it is generally considered to be the crime committed when a person of reasonably sound mind kills another human being without any justification or excuse in law, with malice, aforethought, expressed or implied. Homicide – the killing of one human being by he act, procurement or omission of another. Assassination – a murder committed by a person hired to kill he victim Assault – the attempt, offer or threat to do injury to another person which is unjustified and unlawful. Rape – sexual intercourse with a woman or another man without their consent, as a result of physical force or threat. Kidnapping – the abduction of a person and the unlawful removal of that person to a place where the victim is illegally detained. Property crimes. An offence category that. According to FBI’s UCR program, includes – burglary – breaking and entering the building of another person with the intent to commit a crime therein, whether or not the crime is actually committed; larceny – taking and carrying away one’s person property without his consent and with the intent to deprive the owner of the property; arson – the intentional or reckless destruction or damaging of property by fire without a lawful excuse. Arson carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. theft – the fraudulent taking of personal property owned by another, from the possession of the owner or from a person who holds possession for the owner; automobile theft (motor vehicle theft, car jacking) – taking the vehicle of another without authority; pick-pocketing – an act of stealing some items or value from another person, particularly from his/her pocket; shop-lift – the act of stealing goods on display from a store. Crimes in the field of economy. This category of crimes involves unlawful acts that have a bad effect on economic positions of the country – counterfeiting – the fraudulent imitation of money; the copying and the forging without any right or authority; white collar crime – any violation of legal codes in the course of corruption activity, organized crime – a continuing criminal conspiracy highly structured in a form not unlike that of large business enterprises. The success of such enterprises is often contingent upon the corruption of governmental officials and the involvement of legitimate business people who consider that cooperation with organized crime is a cost of doing business, forgery – the crime of falsely making or altering, with the intent to defraud, any instrument or writing which, if it had been genuine, would be of some value or have some legal standing, embezzlement – the fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been entrusted or into whose hands the item has been lawfully placed by another or by reason of his judiciary position, fraud – a deceitful act committed with the intent to deprive another person of something that is lawfully his or to do injury to other person; it may be either actual or constructive. E X E R C I S E S Ex. 1. Заполните таблицу пропущенными словами обозначенных частей речи
Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. In many Western jurisdictions crimes are divided into two categories - crimes …… a) against public order and against personal security, b) against a person and property c) against a law and a state 2. Violent crimes category includes offences resulted in …… a) moral damage b) body injury c) financial crisis 3. Murder is an unlawful act related to ……. a) punishment of the victim b) extermination of the victim c) prosecution of the victim 4. White collar crime is an illegal activity of ….. a) gangsters b) corruptive officials c) ordinary people 5. Kidnapping is a crime linked with …. a) unlawful removal of a victim b) unlawful detention of a victim c) unlawful apprehension of a victim Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. In many Western jurisdictions crimes are divided into two categories – crimes against a person and crimes against a state (….). 2. There are some alternative approaches for classifying crimes (….). 3. A violent offences category includes burglary, larceny, auto theft and arson (…). 4. A property offences category includes embezzlement, forgery, counterfeiting, money laundering (……). 5. Counterfeiting endangers the economic and political stability of the state (….). 6. Forcible rape is a crime against a person (…). 7. Organized crime is a type of illegal activity of governmental officials (...). Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы 1. What are the main categories of crimes? 2. What ways may crimes be classified? 3. What acts does the violent crimes category include? 4. What are the property crimes? 5. What crimes cab endanger the economic situation in the country? 6. What crimes violate human rights? 7. What crimes is the situation of corruption characterized with? 8. What criminal activity can destroy the financial system of the state? 9. What is the most serious punishment for a crime? 10. What crimes are considered to be the most serious ones? TEXT C. Drug-related crimes. In the United States, illegal drugs are related to crime in multiple ways. Most directly, it is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, heroin, morphine and amphetamines). Drugs are also related to crime as drug trafficking and drug production are often controlled by drug cartels, organized crime and gangs. Research carried out on drug-related crime found that drug misuse is associated with various crimes that are in part related to the feelings of invincibility, which can become particularly pronounced with abuse. Problematic crimes associated include shoplifting, property crime, drug dealing, violence and aggression and driving whilst intoxicated. The illegal drug trade is a global black market, dedicated to cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of drugs, which are subject to drug prohibition laws. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs by drug prohibition laws. A UN report said "the global drug trade generated an estimated US $321.6 billion in 2003". With a world GDP of US $36 trillion in the same year, the illegal drug trade may be estimated as slightly less than 1% (0.893%) of total global commerce. Consumption of illegal drugs is widespread global problem. E X E R C I S E S Ex. 1. Заполните таблицу пропущенными словами обозначенных частей речи
Ex. 2. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений
Ex 3. Определите правильное завершение предложения 1. Illegal drugs are related to crime …….. a) in many forms b) in the way of robbery c) in increasing number 2. Drug related crimes are often controlled by……. a) government authorities b) organized criminal groups c) police 3. Drug misuse is associated with…….. a) health destruction b) moral degradation c) various crimes 4. The illegal drug trade is a global …… a) technical progress b) illicit mart c) achievement 5. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade of many types of drugs by …… a) special rules b) special sentences c) special agreements Ex. 4. Отметьтезвездочкой (*) правильныеутверждения 1. Drug related crimes are associated with misusage of cocaine, heroin, morphine and amphetamines ( ..). 2. In some jurisdictions there are not drug prohibited laws (…). 3. Drug related crimes include property crime, violence and aggression and driving whilst intoxicated (..). 4. The illegal drug trade is a global black market with turnover of great money supply (..).5. Cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of drugs are prohibited in many countries (…). Ex. 5. Ответьтенавопросы 1. What categories of drugs are treated as illegal ones? 2. Why is drug abuse linked with criminal activity? 3. What bodies patronage drug trafficking? 4. What is the annual income of black market? 5. Are there drug prohibited laws in DPR legislation? 6. Why is drug abuse so dangerous for a society? Topical vocabulary
ЧАСТЬ 2. ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ |