Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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Упражнение 8. А. Назовите 15—20 ключевых слов и выражений на тему «Computer». В. Speak about:
LESSON 6 Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты Глагол to cause Сочетания по longer, because of, due to, thanks to Суффиксы -ness; -ance/ence; -ist; -ful; -less Text 6A. Made in Space Text 6B. Composite Ceramics Text 6C. Ancient Steel-Making Secret Text 6D. The British Museum ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 1. Прочитайте диалоги, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов. A: You can do without lots of things. В: You can’t do without food or water. A: Oh, yes, you can! You can do without food for weeks and with out water for days. B: Well, you can’t do without air or only for a very short time. A: Can you write without a pen? B: No, of course, I can’t. A: I must have a new dictionary. B: Why must you? You don’t need a new dictionary. You’ve got a lot of dictionaries. A: I want to see Mr. Z. В: I am sorry. I am afraid he may not be in. A: But perhaps he may be. B: No, sir. He may not be back for some time. A: I can wait. B: He may not be in until twelve. A: I can wait until he is in. B: He may be out all day. A: May I go to the cinema? B: No, not today, tomorrow. A: May not I go today? Zed can’t come tomorrow. May I go home with Zed afterwards? B: Oh, no, you mustn’t do that. A: Why, mustn’t I? B: Because you mustn’t be home late. A: Well, then, may Zed come home with me? B: Yes, he may do that. A: May I have the money, please. B: Oh, very well. Упражнение 2. Замените модальные глаголы соответствующими эквива лентами. 1. Students must take exams in January. 2. She can speak French well. 3. You may take this book till tomorrow. 4. We must learn new words every week. 5.1 live not far from my work. I can go by bus or I can walk. 6. You may come in. 7. We can take this book from the li brary. 8. She cannot do this work in time. 9. He must go to St. Pe tersburg for a few days. 10. We can see electrical devices everywhere. Упражнение 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицатель ной формах. 1. We were able to read that article in the library. 2. Some stu dents will be permitted to take exams in December. 3. You have to read this book. 4. We shall be able to skate in winter. 5. My friend is to take part in the conference. 6. The students of our group had to go to the plant last week. 7. They were allowed to continue their research. Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов. 1. Everyone should know a foreign language. 2. To make supercomputers, we need highly developed electronics and new materials. 3. One should do one’s work in time. 4. The students ought to know the history of their institute. 5. The development of new materials does not mean that old materials should lose their significance. 6. Marie Curie needed a laboratory and equipment for her research. 7. Every institute ought to be proud of their famous graduates. 8. One should know that «roentgen» is a unit (единица) of radiation. Упражнение 5. Замените would на used to, где возможно, и переведите. 1. Не would spend hours in the Tretyakov Gallery. 2. Tsiolkov- sky believed that rockets would be used for space travel. 3. Bell and Watson would repeat their experiments many times. 4. It became known that a new car would be shown at the exhibition. 5. Elec tricity would pass through metals, but wouldn’t pass through wood. 6. I asked my friend to help me, but he wouldn’t, he said I could do everything without his help. 7. He would work in the li brary when he was getting ready for his exam. Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный модальный глагол или его экви валент. можно вычислить — (must, can, should) calculate; быть в со стоянии выполнить — (have to, be able to, be allowed to) carry out; нельзя предсказать — (can’t, needn’t, be not able to) predict; должны начаться в 10 — (have to, may, be to) begin at 10; следует знать — (should, may, need) know; не нужно созда вать — (may not, needn’t, should not) create; необходимо ис пользовать — (must, be allowed, may) use; можно взять эту книгу — (must, can, may) take this book; упорно не желать сде лать — (need, wouldn’t, must) do. Упражнение 7. Переведите предложения.
Упражнение 8. Переведите выделенные словосочетания. 1. It was found that proton and neutron have almost the same weight. 2. It was necessary to lay cables across the Atlantic Ocean as there were no radio or satellites at that time. 3. It is difficult to imagine the world we live in without radio, telephone and televi sion. 4. It is possible to have a direct telephone talk with Vladivo stok with the help of satellite systems. 5. This material has proper ties which make it useful for various space projects. 6. It should be said that computers become increasingly important in our life and work. 7. My adviser considers it necessary for me to read as much literature as possible before starting my work. 8. It is difficult to name all the branches of science and technology which are based on electronics. 9. It is well-known that «watt» is a unit named after James Watt, an inventor from Scotland. 10. It is impossible to solve many modern complex engineering problems without the help of computers. |