Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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Упражнение 27. Дайте для следующих слов: а) синонимы to start, movement, nowadays, quality, research, various, a means, manufacture, possess, to occur, consequently, numerous, spacecraft, to use, to substitute, certain; б) антонимы distant, to stop, few, to reduce, invaluable, unusual, dependence, minimum. Упражнение 28. Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложе ния из предлагаемых вариантов.
Не may go home. Не must go home. He had to go home.
Не must go home at 5 o’clock. He is to go home at 5 o’clock. He may go home at 5 o’clock.
Не may go home at 5. He can go home at 5. He must go home at 5.
Не must go home earlier. He should go home earlier. He will have to go home earlier.
Не should go home. He may go home. He had to go home.
Не can walk very quickly. Не will be able to walk very quickly. He could walk very quickly.
Не is permitted to go home after 3. He was permitted to go home after 3. He will be permitted to go home after 3.
Не is not allowed to go home at once. He could not go home at once. He needn’t go home at once. Упражнение 29. Заполните пропуски словами because или because of.
Упражнение 30. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. lost, risen, pay, leading, struck, sat. Упражнение 31. Переведите без словаря. The first step in any industrialization project, for example, on the Moon should be preparation for plant construction. It is eco nomically desirable to use local materials for this. It is well-known that metals form the most important group of engineering materi als. One must know that they possess necessary mechanical and physical properties. They can be easily fabricated into various forms by a variety of techniques. They are hard, tough (пластич ный), strong and temperature-resistant, a combination of proper ties not available in any other materials. The properties of metals can be changed by. heat treatment so that the fabrication is much easier since the work pieces can have properties quite different from those needed in the final product. CONVERSATION Exercise 1. Answer the questions. 1. What condition on board a space vehicle can’t be simulated on Earth? (prolonged weightlessness). 2. What eliminates gravity during a space flight? (inertia). 3. What can be the industrial use of weightlessness? (the production of new materials with unusual properties). 4. What industrial materials can be produced in space? (superconductors, new kinds of alloys, magnetic materials, laser glass, polymers, plastics, etc). 5. What is Russia’s contribution to the development of methods and means of industrial material pro duction in space? (over 600 technological experiments carried out at the Russian orbital space stations). 6. What are the results of these experiments? (much better properties of the materials ob tained under the zero-gravity condition than those produced on Earth). 7. What is needed for industrial material production in space? (special space platforms). Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts,
larger scale is being carried out in Russia, the USA, Europe and Ja pan.
Exercise 3. Read and learn. Tom: Are you going to attend the seminar tonight? Bill: I should go. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to do so. Т.: Why should you go there? B.: The speaker will talk about composite ceramics. I must know all about this subject. As you know, I’ll do some experimental work in this field next June. So I’ll have to know about it. Т.: In that case, you ought to cancel (отменить) your other plans and attend the seminar. You shouldn’t miss (пропускать) it. B.: You are right. But I can’t go. Т.: Why can’t you? B.: Don’t you remember (помнить)? We are to take an exam in French tomorrow. I have to study for the examination. T. Do you have to study? Is it a necessity? B.: Well, I suppose the expression «have to study» is too strong. No one is forcing me. But I really ought to study tonight. Shouldn’t you do it too? Т.: I don’t have to study. I studied last night and I am sure I can pass it. Besides that, I must attend the seminar. B.: Why must you attend it? Т.: Have you forgotten? I must introduce the speaker to the audi ence. B.: Yes, that’s right. Т.: Well, I have to go now. I may be late. I’ll see you later. Exercise 4. Speak about:
Use exercises 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic : carry out experiments; obtain useful and valuable data; on board a space ve hicle; zero-gravity condition; zero-gravity state advantages, materials of better quality; at a larger scale; in case; according to. Exercise S. Read and smile. The teacher was trying to explain the fundamentals of Science to her class. «Sir Isaak Newton was sitting under a tree looking up into it when an apple fell on his head, and from that he could dis cover the law of gravity. Wasn’t that wonderful?» «Yes, it certainly was», a pupil said, «and if he had been at school at his books, he wouldn’t have discovered anything». A Trick on a President W.H. Harrison was the ninth President of the United States. Like so many other early American presidents he was born in a small town. As a boy, he was extremely quiet. In fact, he was so quiet that he had the reputation of being very stupid (глупый). The town people therefore often used to play tricks (шутка) on him. For example, they would put a nickel and a dime (монеты в 5 и 10 центов) in front of him and tell him to take whichever one he wanted. He would always choose the nickel and they would laugh at him. One day, a woman took pity (пожалеть) on him. She said: «William, why do you always choose the nickel instead (вместо) of a dime? Don’t you know that a dime, though smaller in size than a nickel, is worth (стоить) much more than a nickel?» «Cer tainly I know it», William answered. «But if I chose the dime, they wouldn’t play the trick on me any more.» Text 6B |