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Text I-DAcross The Nation (continued) Part 6Lab expands health programDEARBORN—In an effort to expand the instructional capacity and capabilities of the health-careers program at Henry Ford Community College, the new Health Careers Education Center was built. The 75.000-square-foot center is a three-story, steel-framed structure with a partial lower level. The exterior building envelope is a combination of brick and insulated metal panel. The massing of the new center is designed for two distinct blocks, joined by a three-story glazed atrium. The new center is equipped with teaching technology, total bed-care systems and interactive video. The center adds 12 technical/science laboratories, 16 classrooms, four computer labs with distance-learning capabilities, tutoring/group study areas, meeting rooms and conference facilities. Part 7 Renovating for expansion CHICAGO—Robert Morris College was faced with many challenges when it moved from an existing location to a bigger, renovated building in downtown Chicago. The building, an eight-story historic landmark, underwent renovations that doubled the size of the college. The new Robert Morris Centre helped to alleviate the school's lack of space, as well as updated and integrated technology into its classrooms. Renovations, which were completed last November, expanded the library and added additional computer labs, classrooms, offices and an studios. The 165,000-square-foot building also features enlarged faculty spaces to accommodate more academic activities and personal advising. The $15 million renovation program also included upgrading most classrooms with multimedia podiums, and incorporating a computer monitor, keyboard, VCR and document camera for projecting images. A distance-learning classroom was added to provide for off-site classes, and an audio-visual lounge in the library offers easy access to VCRs and audio players with headphones. The computer repair room incorporates new equipment to train technical repair and network-systems personnel. Architect for the project was Phelan Associates. Vocabulary capacity and capability - вместимость и возможности; health-career - профессия, связанная со здравоохранением (медициной); glazed atrium - застекленный переход; distinct - явный, очевидный; здесь: отдельный; tutoring - руководство группой студентов (= классное руководство); space - здесь: пространство Ex. Match the words with their Russian equivalents.
Ex. Translate the following phrases from the text and use them in the translation below. to be equipрed with, health-careers, distance-learning, conference facility, technical and science labs, liberal-arts studies, to be designed, a combination of brick and metal.
Ex. Answer the following questions:
Text II- A Students at the University of Pittsburg finish their classes One Week Earlier Rice University's course work wraps up next week. And at Tulane, the last day of classes is April, 29. The calendar says it is springtime. But for college students, summer is here. These early vacation breaks are part of a shortening of the school year at college nation-wide. Data collected by the National Association of Scholars* shows that the length of the average college year has shrunk 35 days since 1964. Yet over the same period, inflation-adjusted* college costs have doubled. The result: Students and their families are paying more for less. In fact, at the nation's elite universities, the combination of higher tuition and condensed class time means an education prices out at about $1,000 a week. The reason for the abbreviated academic calendar is largely economic. Universities discovered they can save money on operating expenses by shortening the school year. Teachers like it because they have more time for research. Students don't complain because they can earn more in their summer jobs. And the practice of trimming away a class day here, while tacking on* another holiday there, is less obvious - and controversial* - than other cost-cutting strategies. So who's hurt? The student earning a depreciated diploma, for starters. During the same period that colleges sliced away one-fifth of their academic calendars, they also shortened the length of the standard class by 3.5 minutes. As a result of this double decrease, educators teach less and students are given a shorter time to absorb* class material. Researchers who track the trend* see it as part of the overall decline in rigor at American Universities. They say it is no coincidence that the shorter school year has been phased in at the same time colleges have lightened academic demands on students by dropping thesis requirements, abolishing* comprehensive exams and reducing scientific lab work. Yet by reducing class time, colleges aren't cutting students any breaks in the long run. The complex subject matter covered in many university courses is best learned through repeated, long-term exposure*. And because students are spending less time in class, they have fewer opportunities to glean* knowledge and expertise from their professors. Researchers also believe the pressures of the compressed schedule contribute to the growing number of students unable to complete their degree requirements within the traditional four years. This month, the American College Testing program reported a record low for students earning their bachelor's degrees on schedule. Even within five years of college enrolment, only 52.8 % of college students earn a degree. That may not be a problem for universities. After all, they save money by shortening the school year and then collect extra tuition* from students who can't finish their course work during the shrunken semesters. Yet the students getting a college education - and the families who are funding it - are investing more and getting less. For them, summer has arrived. But that's no reason to celebrate. (USA TODAY, Editorial. April 117, 1998). Vocabulary * scholar - ученый; * inflation-adjusted - регулируемые инфляцией; * to tack on - добавлять, присоединять; * controversial - противоречивый; * to absorb - впитывать, поглощать; здесь: изучать; * to track the trend - прослеживать/наблюдать тенденцию; * to abolish - отменять; * long-term exposure - долгий срок для закрепления (знаний); * to glean - собирать по крупицам; * extra tuition - дополнительная плата за обучение. Text II- A Part 2 Shortening Year does no Harm (Opposite view) . by Thomas V.DiBacco. You shouldn't judge a book by its cover or academe by the length of its semester. Sure, the academic year has been tightened in recent years, but for good reason. When I started university teaching in 1964, the school year ran* from late September to mid-June, with the fall semester interrupted by the December holidays and not completed until mid-January. Then came another break before the next semester. Semesters were shortened by extending class time and providing for independent studies planned individually between students and professors. Besides, many students needed to work to pay their tuition, and because adult learners, especially women, inundated* campuses, it made little sense to mosey* through an academic year. A long study period before final exams went the way of the wind...Condensing the academic year doesn't mean less attention to academics. Take a stroll around campuses today and you'll find libraries and computer labs open not only seven days a week but also into the early hors of the morning, if not 24 hours. My biggest class this semester begins after normal working hours at 8:10 p.m. and runs 150 minutes. Weekend classes also are popular, and distance learning via cable TV provides students with another opportunity to gain academic credits at untraditional times. Because it's a long, long time from May to September, some outside observers may think that vacation is the hallmark* of higher ed* today. But many students work during the summer, blending what they learn in the classroom with real world- experience. You can call that today's version of the ivory tower*. (Thomas V.DiBacco, a historian at American University). Vicabulary to run - здесь: продолжаться, длиться; inundated - наводненные, заполненные; to mosey - амер. неспешно бродить, слоняться; hallmark - отличительная черта; ed = education - образование; ivory tower - a place where one avoids the reality of ordinary life - башня из слоновой кости. Ex. Answer the questions. 1. What are the reasons for shortening school year at the University? 2. What are the cutting strategies? 3. Is the tuition at the University the same as it was 30-35 years ago? 4. What negative results will be caused by reducing the academic calendar? Ex. These are the synonyms. Make up sentences with each word. to shorten - сократить; to shrink (shrank, shrunk) - сжиматься, уменьшаться; to compress - сжать; to cut (cut, cut) - сократить, урезать; to abbreviate - сокращать; to trim - укоротить, to slice away - урезать; to reduce - сократить; to tighten - сжать; to condense - сжать, сократить. Ex. Match the words with their Russian equivalents. 1. expertise a/ впитывать, поглощать 2. expenses b/ совпадение 3. obvious c/ научно-исследовательская работа 4. controversial d/ отменять 5. elite e/ завершать 6. blending f/ требование 7. coincidence g/ средний 8. to interrupt h/ плата за образование 9. to complete i/ жаловаться 10. to abolish j/ прерывать 11. research k/ очевидный 12. tuition l/ противоречивый 13. to complain m/ элита 14. to absorb n/ сочетание, комбинация 15. demand o/ расходы 16. average р/ опыт Ex. Find in the text the following expressions. Use them in the sentences below. Match the expressions with their Russian equivalents. 1/ набор в колледж a. real world-experience 2/ всеобщее снижение строгоcти b. to save money 3/ получать зачеты c. depreciated diploma 4/ дополнительная плата d. independent studies 5/ платить за образование e. to take a stroll 6/ обесцененный диплом f. to track the trend 7/ отмечать тенденцию g. ivory tower 8/ снизить требования к диссертации h. to pay more for less 9/ увеличить объем занятий в классе i. today's version 10/ долгое время j. college enrollment 11/ практический опыт k. to fund education 12/ сэкономить деньги l. to gain academic credits 13/ платить больше за меньшееits m. to judge a book by its cover 14/ выпускные экзамены n. to extend class-time 15/ башня из слоновой кости o. to drop(lighten) thesis requirements 16/ современная версия p. extra-tuition 17/ прогуляться q. in the long run 18/ судить о книге по обложке r. overall decline in rigor 19/ самостоятельные занятия s. final exams Ex. Translate the following sentences using the words and expressions in the text. to pay one's tuition; tto track the trend; o judge a book by its cover; overall decline in rigor; shortening school year; to save money; to earn a depreciated diploma; to earn a bachelor's degree; to take exams; to complete one's thesis; combination of..; on schedule; to trim away a class day; to blend what they learn in the classroom with real-world experience; student enrollment; to gain academic credits; to plan indepandent studies individually; distance learning via cable TV. 1. ?Я планирую завершить диссертацию к середине января. 2. Многим студентам приходится работать, чтобы оплачивать учебу. 3. Нельзя судить о книге по ее обложке. 4. Исследователи отмечают тенденцию всеобщего снижения строгости в американских университетах. 5. Причина сокращения школьного года означает потытку сэкономить деньги. 6. В результате вы можете получить обесцененный диплом. 7. Для того, чтобы получить степень бакалавра, нужно проучиться в колледже 4 года, сдавая экзамены и получая зачеты в конце каждого семестра. 8. Мы ценим (appreciate) ваш опыт и знания. 9. Сочетание более высокой платы за обучение и сокращенный объем занятий в классе не дает хороших результатов. 10. Все большее число студентов не могут завершить получение степени бакалавра за положенные срок. 11. К сожалению, они сократили научную работу в лаборатории. 12. Многие студенты работают летом, соединяя то, что они узнали в классе, с практическим опытом. 13. Набор студентов в колледж увеличен. 14. Библиотки и компьютерные лаборатории открыты семь дней в неделю, с раннего утра до позднего вечера. 15. Семестр сокращен, но продолжительность занятий увеличена. 16. Кроме того, будут самостоятельные занятия, планируемые индивидуально (между) студентами и преподавателями. 17. Существует также дистанционное образование, получаемое с помощью кабельного телевидения. Ex. Complete the chart, which summarizes the content of the article. Give positive and negative consequences of shortening school year. N E G A T I V E : P O S I T I V E: Text II-C James Meikle Education Correspondent Polytechnics and colleges of higher education face an effective cut in funding for students after a 17 per cent rise in intake was approved yesterday, despite an increase of only 7 per sent in real terms in state subsidies. The plans for 84 institutions outside the university sector announced yesterday show a 33.000 increase in the number of full-time students to be supported by the government-appointed Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council. State subsidies limit central grants to only 186.000 of the 221.950 full-time students now in the system. The others are only worth an extra £1.675 each in fees to their institutions, instead of about £5.400, if they were grant-supported as well. The growing demand for places has put pressure on polytechnics and colleges to pack in more "fees only" students next autumn, even though the Government will not increase its block grant to pay for these extra places. It expects the colleges to meet the extra costs through efficiency savings. Demand for courses outside the university sector is running at record levels, with applications already up 11 per cent on last year. But the council said standards are high and rising, despite concerns over staffing levels and accommodation. Dg Bill Stubbs, the council's chief executive said the sector was "strong, buoyant and wishing to grow". The council estimates that the sector will get 13 per cent more money in cash terms next year, through grants or student fees, but that include government estimates or 6 per cent inflation. Part-time and sandwich students are also set to increase significantly under the plans. Polytechnic and college leaders have been pressing for a review of the funding system. They say they cannot economise indefinitely under a system in which 10 per cent of the council grant is won by competitive bidding for students. The Committee of directors of Polytechnics forecast an increasing trend for polytechnics to take students living locally, to avoid building more residential accommodation. Spokesman John Izbicki said: "If the Government really wants to double the number of students in higher education by 2015, as we do, it must take on more responsibility for funding this expansion." "The Guardian” Vocabulary to the Text. Surge – резкий скачок Face – сталкиваться Cut – сокращение Rise - подъем Intake – прием студентов Approve – одобрять Despite – несмотря на Increase – увеличение In terms of – с точки зрения Subsidies – финансирование Institution – учреждение Announce – объявлять Full-time students – студенты дневного обучения Appoint - назначать Council – совет Worth – стоящий Fees – плата (за обучение) Instead of – вместо Demand – требование Pressure – давление Extra – дополнительный Efficiency – эффективность Saving – экономия Application – заявление Despite – несмотря на Concern – тревога, беспокойство Staffing – обеспеченность кадрами Accommodation – жилище Executive – администратор, руководитель Buoyant – жизнерадостный Estimate – оценивать In cash – наличными Part-time student=sandwich student – Студенты, совмещающие учебу с работой Revision - пересмотр Economise – экономить Indefinitely – до бесконечности Bidding – добавка Forecast – предсказывать Trend тенденция Avoid – избегать Residential – жилой Double – удвоить Expansion - расширение Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents.
Ex. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Политехнические и другие вузы сталкиваются с большим сокращением финансирования, ибо прием студентов увеличился на 17%, а планируемое увеличение дотаций штата – только 7%. 2. План набора студентов дневной формы обучения в 88 учреждениях вне университетского сектора показывает увеличение на 33 тыс. человек. 3. Растущая потребность (demand for) в дополнительных местах оказывает давление на руководителей колледжей и университетов. 4. Возрастает прием студентов дневного обучения, которые будут оплачивать только обучение (pay tuition fee), не нуждаясь в проживании в общежитиии студгородка. 5. Согласно плана, увеличится и число студентовБ совмещающих учебу с работой. 6. Руководители вузов требуют пересмотра системы финансирования. 7. Они говорят, что не могут экономить до бесконечности. 8. Совет (Board) директоров политехнических вухов предсказывает тенденцию приема студентов, живущих по соседству (locally) во избежание строительства дополнительных общежитий. 9. По словам одного из спикеров, если правительство планирует удвоить прием студентов к 2015 году, оно должно взять на себя ответственность за финансирование этого расширения. Comprehension Check. Ex. Answer the following questions.
Topics to Discuss.
Text II-D U.S. Plans Fellowships for Graduate Students. The prize was a fellowship for up to two years of graduate or professional study in (he United Slates. Last week in Moscow. more than 1 000 you at Russians turned out to pick up application forms on the first day they were available. Next l60 successful applicants all of them citizens of Russia or other former republics or the Soviet Union, will be on U.S. campuses as members of the first class of Benjamin Franklin Fellows. The details of the program. which has won $7-million in support from Congress for each of its first two years. were announced here by the United States Information Agency which is co-ordinating the project The fellowships will be awarded fur graduate study in business administration , economics law and public administration. A candidate must be under 40 years or age a college (graduate. fluent in English, and a citizen of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia. Lithuania, Moldova, Russia. Tajikistan Turkmenistan. Ukraine, or Uzbekistan* All 15 countries will be represented in the program. the the fellowship will be distributed across the region and among the four fields of study. The program was made possible by legislation sponsored by Sen. George Mitchel, Democrat of Maine, and other members of Congress and incorporated in the U.S. Will Award New Fellowships for Graduate Work This represents an intelligent investment on the ran of the U.S. in building democratic institutions in the whole region said Dan Davidson, a professor of Russian at Bryn Mawr College and executive director of (he American Council of Teachers of Russian-American Council for Collaboration in Education and Language Study group is one of four U.S. .Academic Exchange organization elected to administer the program Thee others are the Institutions of International Education, the International Research and Exchanges Board. and the Soros’ Foundation "Franklin Fellows will bring back to their home countries the benefits of latest American training,” added Mr. Davidson "Many will assure leadership role upon their return home. Its future policy make is in local and national governments, education in the emerging private sector Mr. Davidson said he expected there would be 20.00O applicants for the 160 fellowship and about 2.000 would be asked to submit to academic and English Language testing. Franklin Fellows will he selected on basis of test -scores. academic excellence. and personal interviews Mr. Davidson organization is the principal administrator lor of the program, and . with irfx. is responsible for ail all on-site recruiting interviewing testing and orientation J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board will oversee the program. Free and Open competition Mr. Davidson said the existence of the program would "stimulate future contacts among individuals and institutions in all the affected disciplines and contribute greatly to mutual understanding fellowship,” he said “it may be the first truly open. merit-based academic process of selection in the territories of the former Soviet Union ' At a press conference in Moscow to announce the new program, U.S. Ambassador Robert Strauss stressed how the winners would be selected in '"a free and open competition . Local reports of his comments helped trigger a rush at Library of Foreign Literature when applicants became available March 2. More than 1,000 students picked up forms and information about program that day" In each of the four areas of study, fellowships will be awarded for two-year courses of study leading to a degree, and for one-year, non-degree prograrm. All fellow-ships will include an 8- to 12-week internship with an academic or business organization Recipients will come (to the United Stales on J visas that will be good only for the term of their fellowship. Avoiding a Brain Drain Adeline C O'Connel chief of the USIA academic-exchange division under which the new program will operate said the visa restriction would overcome any concerns that the program would con tribute to a brain drain from Russia and other former Soviet republics. "The program is designed to support the economic arid democratic reform in those countries,' she said, and as with all our exchanges including the Fulbright program. participant are required to go back home where they can put to use what they've learned. “The Franklin Fellowship,” she added, was the first major U.S. government education effort in the former Soviet Union." While some graduate students had come to the United States under the Fulbright program, the numbers were never very large only two did so in 1990. for example Ms. O'Connel said the usia hoped that American universities as well as other U. S. organizations and businesses would help support the program through tuition waivers and internships "We're hoping this will augment and enhance program she said But we are prepared the full 7-million authorized for this year and next. Pamela Snyder, administrator of the fellowship at the American Council of Teachers of Russian, said the program would hold benefits even for those not selected. Approximately 10 candidates will be tested and interviewed each fellowship,' she said. "and the process may provide even unsuccessful candidates useful experience which may contribute to their applications to other programs. By Paul Desruisseaaux Vocabulary fellowship - оплаченная (фондом) стажировка; стипендия с целью прохождения стажировки; graduate - выпускной, выпускник; to back - поддерживать; to aid - помогать; fellow - человек, парень, товарищ, собрат, член научного общества; prize - награда; to turn out - оказываться; to pick up - забирать; application form - блаянк заявления; available - доступный, возможный; fall - осень (амер.); applicant - претендент; to announce - объявлять; to award - вручать, награждать; fluent English - свободно владеющий английским языком; to represent - представлять; to distribute - распространять, распределять; legislation - здесь: закон; to incorporate - включать; authorization - разрешение, санкция, полномочие; purpose - цель; to support - поддерживать; intelligent - здесь: интеллектуальный; executive - исполнительный; council - совет; collaboration - сотрудничество; exchange - обмен; to administer - распоряжаться; research - исследование; board - совет; benefit - выгода, польза; training - обучение; to assume - полагать; to emerge - возникать, появляться; to submit to - здесь: подвергнуться, пройти; test scores - результаты тестов (в очках); academic excellence - академическая успеваемость (высокая); IREX - амер. департамент по сбору налогов, в ее функцию входит также освобождение некоммерческих (non-for- profit) организаций от налогов; to be responsible for - отвечать за, быть ответственным за; on-site - на местах; recruiting - набор; to observe - наблюдать; competition - состязание, конкуренция; existence - существование; individuals - отдельные, частные лица; affected - затрагиваемый, относящийся к; mutual - взаимный; merit-based - основанный на заслугах; selection - отбор; to announce - объявлять; ambassador - посол; to stress - подчеркивать; to trigger - здесь: обеспечить; rush - наплыв; o involve - включать, вовлекать, задействовать; to run the program - вети, осуществлять программу; to obtain - получать, достигать, добиваться; in person - лично; to request - запросить; to lead (to) - привести (к); degree - здесь: ученая степень; to include - включать; internship - стажировка; recipient - получатель; term - срок, период; to avoid - избегать; brain drain - утечка мозгов; division - подразделение, отдел; under which - согласно которому; to operate - действовать; restriction - ограничение; to overcome - преодолевать; concern - забота, тревога, беспокойство; to contribute - вкладывать; designed - предназначенный (для); to support - поддерживать; exchange - обмен; to require - требовать(ся); to add - добавлять; while - в то время как; to augment - увеличивать(ся); to enhance - увеличивать, повышать, усиливать; to authorize - здесь: выделять, предназначать; to provide - обеспечивать. Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents:
Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents: 1. to get in person a/ распространять по всему региону 2. to oversee the program b/ способствовать демократичечкому развитию 2. to be responsible for c/ поддержать программу 4. to administer the program d/ отвечать за 5. to support the democratic development e/ руководить программой 6. to award fellowships f/ наблюдать за программой 7. to distribute across the region g/ получать лично 8. to back the program h/ вручать стипендии Ex. Translate the following words and phrases from the text and use them in the translation below. to stimulate contacts among the individuals; in the affected disciplines; to stress; mutual understanding; U.S. Ambassador; to be selected in a free and open competition; winner; two-year courses leading to a degree; to award fellowships; requirement; participant; to use the received knowledge in practice; former; competition winners; application form; to be available; to have an internship; campus; as B.Franklin Fellows; next fall; applicant; to complete; for graduate study in economics; to back; to aid; to support; to distribute across the region; democratic development; policy makers; to take positions; in local and national governments; fluent English; academic excellence; to promote; personal interview.
Ex. Answer the following questions
Grammar Exercises Modal Verbs Can, be able (to), may, be allowed (to) Ex 1Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the verbs can and may
- I’m not sure. She might be at home at this time.
Ex. 2Fill in the blanks with can or may in the correct form.
Ex. 3 Translate into Russian using can, may, to be able (to) and to be allowed (to) wherever necessary.
4.Вы могли бы быть повежливее, когда разговариваете с женщиной. 5. Вы могли бы предупредить меня о том, что здесь купаться нельзя. 6. Ей разрешили не сдавать последний экзамен. 7. Не смотря на шторм, он сумел добраться до берега и без сил упал на песок. 8. Возможно, весной я поеду в Рим. 9. Неужели она не поверила ему? Не может быть, чтобы он сделал это. 10. Вряд ли после школы она будет поступать в институт. Возможно, она пойдет работать. Ex.4 Define the meaning of the verb “must” in the sentences. Translate them into Russian. 1.You mustn’t pay attention to his strange behaviour. It’s his usual reaction to strangers. 2. I wonder why she isn’t at school today. She must be ill. 3. Don’t disturb him. He must be very tired after this trip. 4. There must be the way out of this situation but still I don’t see any. 5. She must have been studying hard to achieve such good results. 6. We must know the reason for his being late. 7. You mustn’t break the traffic rules. 8. There is no light in the house, they must be sleeping. 9. I didn’t hear the phone ring, I must have been busy. 10. I am nervous, I don’t have any news from him. I must call him and know what has happened. Ex.5 Translate the sentences into English 1.Должно быть, она сожалеет о случившемся, но она слишком упряма для того, чтобы признать это. 2. Вы должны начать подготовку к экзамену, и чем скорее, тем лучше. 3. Я не видела его очень давно. Наверное, он куда-нибудь уехал. 4. Она не снимает трубку, должно быть, она еще спит. 5. Наверно, они долго жили во Франции. Они очень хорошо говорят по-французски. 6. Вы не должны меня бояться. Я хочу помочь вам. 7. Он, должно быть, на работе. 8. Он, должно быть, был на работе. Ex.6 Complete the sentences justifying the form of the infinitive 1.She must be sleeping; ….. . 2. It must have been raining; …... . 3. The examination must have been difficult; ….. . 4. One must observe the rules of behaviour; ….. .5. you must be joking; ….. . 6. He must be busy; ….. . 7. The telephone must be ringing; ….. . 8. She must have overslept; ….. . Ex.7 Translate into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the verb to have (to). 1. Pupils have to learn a lot of poems by heart. 2. Mother has to do shopping almost every day. 3. The girl had to take care of her old parents. 4. You’ll have to talk to him about it. 5. She doesn’t have to go to her office on foot any more. She’s got a driving license. 6. I didn’t have to wait for him long. He came in time. 7. He has to work for his living. 8. I’m afraid I’ll have to ask you for advice. 9. He has retired and now he doesn’t have to get up early. 10. You had to make this choice, didn’t you? Ex.8 Translate into English using the verb to have (to) in its modal meaning. 1. Нам пришлось долго ждать врача. 2. Экзаменатору не пришлось повторять вопрос. Студент ответил сразу же. 3. Вам приходится вставать довольно рано, не так ли? 4. Ему придется переписать тест на следующей неделе. 5. Пошел дождь, нам пришлось раскрыть зонты. 6. Она была уверена в том, что ей не придется сожалеть о принятом решении. 7. Сейчас она известная актриса и ей не приходится думать о том, как свести концы с концами. 8. Почему мне пришлось снова выполнять эту работу за тебя? Ты должен был сделать ее сам и в назначенный срок. Ex.9 Translate into Russian paying attention to the modal meaning of the verb to be (to) in the following pairs of the sentences. 1. The ambulance was to arrive in some minutes. 2. The ambulance was to have arrived in some minutes. 3. The guests were to come at 7.00. 4. The guests were to have come at 7.00. 5. The performance was to begin at 7.30. 6. The performance was to have begun at 7.30. 7. The students were to write their final tests at the end of the term. 8. The students were to have written their final tests at the end of the term. 9. The tourists were to meet near the underground station. 10. The tourists were to have meet near the underground station. Ex.10 Translate into English
Ex.11 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs should and ought (to). 1.You should be more careful with your health. You shouldn’t have smoked. 2. She ought not to come to the party today. She is looking exhausted. 3. We couldn’t get into the theatre because all the tickets had been sold out. We should have the tickets in advance. 4. Children shouldn’t lie in the sun to long, they will have a head ache. 5. Having examined a sick child the doctor said that the mother ought to have called him in a long time ago. 6. – Where is Ann?
7. He shouldn’t have spoken to her in such a rude tone. He should have apologized to her, for it. 8. Don’t argue with him, he is much older that you are, and you ought to respect his age. 9. Something ought to be done, or else the situation would go out of control. 10. What should parents do to bring up their children well? Ex.12 Translate into English using must or should (ought to) 1.Врач должен внушать больному чувство уверенности в скором выздоровлении. 2. Учитель должен одинакова обращаться со всеми учениками. 3. Не следует принимать больше лекарств, чем это необходимо. 4. Юность должна уважать старость.
6.Человек, когда он пав, должен быть уверен в себе и своих действиях. 7. Должно быть, вы уже обсудили этот вопрос. Я вижу, что она все знает. 8. Не следует смеяться над ошибками других, особенно, когда они случайные и не причинили большого вреда. |