Аракин, 2 курс, решебник. Учебнику Практический курс английского языка
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Ex. XVII, p. 246 a) 1. The soil varies within a few miles in many districts, producing a sharp contrast of scenery and flora. 2. The climate of Great Britain differs greatly from that of the Continent. 3. The weather changes very often in England. 4. The face of Scotland differs from that of South East England. 5. The educational system of Great Britain differs from that of the United States. in the desert!" said Sir Francis. 7. He was alone when I was ushered in. 8. Frau Becker seemed to look for opportunities of being alone with Larry. 9. The British farmhouse is often some distance from a public road. The life there is hard and lonely. 10. Young Jolyon alone among the Forsytes was ignorant of Bosinney's nickname. Ex. XVIII, p. 247 1. The better the soil is cultivated, the bigger the crop is 2. A vast plain stretches from the Urals/the Ural Mountain Rang to the river Yenissei. 3. The Volga-Don Canal is one of our mai waterways, it is navigable all along. 4. In Vladivostok there is splendid harbour and many Russian and foreign steamers cas anchor in it. 5. The Strait of Dover separates Britain from th continent/the mainland and the North Channel separate Scotland from Ireland. 6. This crop is valuable as fodder. 7. Yo have hardly happened/chanced to enjoy more picturesqu scenery. 8. Most of the ploughland in this area is under wheat 9. Just a mile from the shore we could see distinct/clear outlines shapes of ships riding at anchor in the harbour. 10. Thecoastlin of the Caspian Sea is comparatively/relatively regular in outlin (relatively even), only near the mouth of the Volga the coast i deeply indented and there are a lot of small islands and creeks. Ex. VI, p. 256 1. When we went camping, we put up our tents on th boundary of the lake. 2. The border/frontier incident wa reported by the newspapers in detail. 3. A border dispute is quarrel about where a border is or ought to be. 4. The rive formed a boundary between these rural districts. 5. The half ruined tower used to be a frontier fortress. 6. The region alon the boundary between England and Scotland is called th Border. 7. A hedge is a fence or a row of bushes or low trees which are planted to form a boundary round a garden or field. 8. Great Britain's borders, northern, eastern and southern, are formed by seas and oceans. Ex. VIII, p. 256 1. The western half of our country consists mainly/mostly primarily of low plains, while/whereas the greater part of th eastern half of Russia is covered with mountain chains. 2. I Siberia the biggest rivers are the Ob, the Yenissei and the Lena. They flow north through a vast area parallel to one another. 3. The climate contrasts are quite striking in Russia. You can find the northerners braving the frosts that reach 70 degrees below zero Centigrade and at one and the same time the southerners basking in the sun on southern seashores lined with green palms. 4. The Leningrad region lies to the north-west of Moscow. 5. Asoutherner/ an easterner is a person who lives in the south/east and a northerner/ westerner is one who lives in the north/west. 6. Devon and Cornwall are situated on the south-western peninsula of England. Ex. IX, p. 257 There is no other country in the world whose nature is more varied than that of Russia. The western half of the country consists mainly of low plains. The country is divided into two parts by the Ural mountains. The greater part of the eastern half is covered with vast plateaus and mountain chains. Here, on the Kamchatka Peninsula the biggest active volcanoes of the Old World are located. In the south the plains of the western half of the country are bounded by huge mountain ranges. Here are the country's highest peaks. Many of the rivers of Russia are among the world's greatest. The most important rivers of the western plain are the Volga, the Western Dvina, the Don and the Northern Dvina. In the Far East the Amur flows into the Pacific. In lakes, too, our country is extremely rich. Among them are the world's greatest lake, the Caspian Sea, and the deepest — Lake Baikal. Ex. XI, p. 257 Our motherland is immense. It's by far the largest and richest country both in Asia and Europe. Its frontier line is the longest in the world. Natural conditions in Russia vary greatly. If you cross Russia, from the extreme North to the South, you will get a good idea of the climate contrasts, to say nothing of the difference in scenery and vegetation, characteristic of various geographical zones. Siberia is unlike the Urals, the face of Tatary differs from that of the Caucasus. One region is rich in one thing, another is rich in another. Perhaps no country's geographic location has played such an important part in its history as Russia's. Half Europe and half Asia, its history has revolved round/around/about this basic fact. Ex. XV c), p. 259 The British Character The national character dies hard wherever you go. And to no other nation does that apply to a greater degree/extent than to the, English whose nature seems to have a sort of patent for constancy. Its stability and permanence is their most obvious/noticeable feature. They are less liable to bow to newfangled trends and transient fashions than other nations. However, one must emphasize /However, it is noteworthy that for all its stability the English national character is made up/composed of contradictory and even paradoxical traits, some of which strike the eye/leap to the eye whereas others are hardly discernible. So any generali zations concerning the English can be disputed. A materialistic nation — who ever will question that? — the English have nevertheless given the world generously of mystics, poets and idealists. A nation of colonists, they display an ardent devotion to their own country and home. Tireless seamen and explorers, they are at the same time keen on gardening. Owing to their inquisitiveness they have learnt the best of what other countries possess, but they have remained faithful to their own. While admiring French cuisine/Though they admire French cooking, the English will not imitate it at home. Law-abiding in the extreme though they are, they adore reading about crimes and violence. An epitome of conformity/ The picture of conformism, they are at the same time out-and-out/inveterate individualists and there are plenty of eccentrics among them. To all these paradoxes one should probably add another: paradoxical as it is/for all its paradoxicality the English character is seldom enigmatic or unpredictable. * * * I am not claiming/pretending that the English have never changed. Changes take place all the time./There are always changes. But these differences, so noticeable outwardly/on the outside, do not penetrate deep and reach to the roots. For better or for worse, the primordial features of the English nature still remain a sort of common denominator and exert a deep influence on the national character and general lifestyle. *mmwmwm unit eight Ex. I, p. 267 Pattern 1: 1. The scorching heat and lack of fresh water prevented/kept the explorers from reaching the southern boundaries of the desert. 2. The fog prevented/kept the fishermen from seeing the coast-line. 3. Put on my raincoat, it will prevent/keep you from getting wet for a while. 4. His illness prevented/kept him from taking part in the conference. 5. Her poor knowledge of English prevented/ kept her from making a good speech. Pattern 2:1. Amy left the room without saying a word. 2. You can hardly realize what an ocean-going ship is without having been inside. 3. They will not come to see us without being invited. 4. He could listen to long verses in Latin without understanding a word. 5. He would mark rhythm with his right foot without realizing what he was doing. Pattern 3:1. The smallness of our boat made it easy to navigate in such shallow waters. 2. The rainy season in the tropics made it impossible to move on. 3. The hurricane made the place hard to recognize. 4. His quick arrival made it easy to change our plans. 5. Your sister's new hairdo made her hard to recognize. Pattern 4:1. The problem is hardly worth the trouble you have taken/you are taking (the trouble taken). 2. The result was hardly worth the sacrifice and efforts (he) made. 3. Your luggage is hardly worth the fare. 4. The conference was hardly worth the time she had spent getting to it/the long way she had made to come to it. 5. The manuscript turned out to be a variant of the original, so it wasn't worth the time (I had) spent translating it. Ex. II, p. 268 Pattern 1:1. Various reasons prevented us from doing optional subjects. 2. Her illness prevented her from qualifying for this post. 3. My neighbour's silly remarks prevented me from enjoying the performance. 4. His advice prevented us from getting into trouble. 5. The windy weather prevented Father from taking us for a drive. Pattern 2:1. You can't leave Great Britain without seeing/ having seen the Lake District. 2. She will not take any medicine without consulting a doctor. 3. You shouldn't leave without having a snack. 4. She can't speak about the news without getting excited. 5. You won't be able to pass your exam without working hard. Pattern 3:1. Her manners made her unpleasant to de with. 2. Lack of rainfall makes the soil difficult to plough. 3. The likeness of their names makes them easy to remember. 4.1 don't find it necessary to bother him. 5. We find it helpful/useful to make use of tape-recordings. Pattern 4:1. The picture is of little value, it is hardly worth the money paid for it. 2. The results of the expedition are hardly worth the efforts made. 3. The trip is hardly worth the trouble taken/ you took. 4. The decorations are hardly worth the time (and money) the city authorities/you have spent on them. 5. The victory was hardly worth the sacrifice. 6. The medicine is hardly worth the money I've spent on it/the money it has cost me. Ex. Ill, p. 268 Pattern 1:1. Take the medicine, it will prevent/keep you from catching cold. 2. Something prevented/kept Tom from telling Becky that he had seen Joe the Indian there in the cave.
Pattern 2:1. Molly left town without telling anyone about her suspicions. 2. Gert asked what right Lanny had to make plans without consulting him. 3. Without looking at him Gert said, "You may go." 4. Lanny went out without saying a (single) word. Pattern 3: Many special terms make his report hard to understand/follow. 2. Care and anxiety/Cares and anxieties made his face hard to recognize. 3. Graphic metaphors made his examples easy to memorize. 4. Everyone finds him easy to deal with. 5.1 find your brother pleasant to talk to. Pattern 4:1. This stamp is hardly worth the money you've paid for it. 2. The business isn't worth the trouble. 3. The goods is hardly worth its package. 4. This trip is hardly worth the time spent. 5. James Forsyte thought that fresh air was hardly worth the money paid for country houses. Ex. II, p. 280 a) 1. clasp, pass, last (grasp, task, casket, grass, brass, fast)
b) 'hospitable — гостеприимный hospi'tality — гостеприимство 'prosperous — процветающий, преуспевающий pro'sperity — процветание 'festive — праздничный fe'stivity — празднество 'final — заключительный, последний fi'nality — окончательность Ex. V, p. 281 1. No man can serve two masters. — Никто не может слу жить двум господам. (Нельзя служить двум господам одновре менно/сразу.) Не serves as gardener. — Он работает садовником. Не served three years in the army/navy. — Он прослужил три года в армии/на флоте. These shoes have served me two years. — Эти туфли прослу жили мне два года. A wooden box served as a table. — Вместо стола мы (они и т.п.) использовали деревянный ящик. The waiter served the soup. — Официант подал суп. Dinner is served. — Обед подан. There was no one in the shop to serve me. — В магазине меня некому было обслужить. It serves you right for having disobeyed me. — Так тебе и надо за то, что ты меня не послушался. ч He was in active service during the war. — Во время войны он был на действительной военной службе./Во время войны он был в армии/на флоте и воевал. Не has been in the Diplomatic Service for three years. — Oa находится на дипломатической службе уже три года. The meals at this restaurant are good, but the service is poor. — Кормят в этом ресторане хорошо, но обслуживание здесь плохое. The tram service is good here. — Здесь хорошо налажена] железнодорожное сообщение. She no longer needs the services of a doctor. — Ей больше н требуются услуги/не требуется наблюдение врача. My room is at you service. — Моя комната к вашим услу гам. 2. a familiar voice — знакомый голос a familiar face — знакомое лицо a familiar name — знакомое имя a familiar scene — знакомая сцена, знакомое место a familiar handwriting — знакомый почерк a familiar song — знакомая песня a familiar melody/tune — знакомая мелодия a familiar scent — знакомые духи, знакомый аромат a familiar smell — знакомый запах You should be familiar with the facts before you start investigation. — Перед тем как начать расследование, вам нуж-i но глубоко/досконально ознакомиться с фактами. Не is familiar with many languages. — Он хорошо знает! много иностранных языков. Her face seems familiar to me. — Ее лицо кажется мне зна комым. Are you on familiar terras with him? — Вы с ним прияте-ли?/Вы с ним на короткой ноге? Don't be too familiar with him, he's rather a dishonest man. — He сходитесь с ним слишком близко, он человек не очень-то честный. 3. This book did not impress me at all. — Эта книга не п извела на меня совершенно никакого впечатления.  Don't you think he is a bit too familiar with her? — He ка жется ли тебе, что он ведет себя с ней слишком фамильярно? I was greatly/deeply impressed by his acting. — Его игра произвела на меня огромное/глубокое впечатление. What impressed you most in the play? — Что в этой пьесе произвело на вас наиболее сильное впечатление? His speech made a strong impression on the audience. — Его речь произвела на слушателей сильное впечатление. Punishment seemed to make little impression on the child. — Наказания, похоже, мало действовали на ребенка. Tell us about your impressions of England. — Расскажите нам о ваших впечатлениях от поездки в Англию. The group left a good/poor/favourable impression on the examiner. — Группа оставила у/произвела на экзаменатора хорошее/плохое/благоприятное впечатление. an impressive ceremony^ впечатляющая/величественная/ торжественная/волнующая церемония an impressive sight — впечатляющий/величественный/ волнующий вид an impressive scene — впечатляющая/выразительная сцена an impressive person — яркий человек, яркая личность an impressive gesture— выразительный/эффектный жест The scene was quite impressive. — Сцена получилась весь ма эффектной.
Children must obey grown-ups. — Дети должны слушаться взрослых. Parents demand obedience from their children. — Родители требуют от своих детей послушания. Не is an obedient boy. — Он послушный мальчик. The children have been obedient today. — Сегодня дети хо рошо слушались. disobedient — непослушный naughty — непослушный, проказливый
daylight — дневной/солнечный свет, естественное освеще ние; дневное время суток moonlight — лунный свет gas light — газовое освещение electric light — электрическое освещение The sun gives light to the Earth. — Солнце освещает Землю. I got up before light — Я встал до рассвета. The light began to fail. — Надвигались сумерки./Свет на чал меркнуть. Lights were burning in every room. — Все комнаты были! освещены. Bring a light quickly! — Огня! (Свечу! Фонарь!) Быстрее! We saw the lights of the city. — Мы увидели огни города. Look at the matter in the right light. — Рассматривай это дело под правильным углом зрения. These facts shed a new light on the matter. — Эти данные проливают на дело новый свет. Give me a light, please. — Дайте мне, пожалуйста, прику рить. New evidence has recently come to light. — Недавно обна ружились новые улики/доказательства/факты. As the exams approached, she felt that at last she could see the light at the end of the tunnel. — По мере приближения экзаме национной сессии она наконец почувствовала, что видит свет в конце тоннеля/что конец ее страданиям близок. a light room — светлая комната a light day — ясный день light hair = fair hair — светлые волосы a light complexion — светлый цвет лица light brown/green/grey, etc. — светло-коричневый/светло-зеленый/светло-серый и т.п. light blue — светло-голубой, бледно-голубой It gets light very early these summer mornings. — Сейчас лето, и по утрам рано светает. to light a lamp/a candle — зажечь лампу/свечу to light a fire — развести костер/огонь Не lit a lamp. — Он зажег лампу. Please light the stove. — Пожалуйста, затопи печь. turn off the gas — выключить газ blow out a candle — задуть свечу put out a fire —погасить огонь/костер The streets were brightly lit up. — Улицы были ярко осве щены. The room was lighted by six windows. — В комнате было шесть окон. Our houses are lighted by electricity. — Наши дома освеща ются электричеством. The burning building lit up the whole district. — Зарево от горящего здания освещало всю округу. The rising sun lit up the mountain tops. — Восходящее солн це озарило вершины гор. sunlit — залитый/освещенный солнцем starlit night— звездная ночь starlit sky — звездное небо moonlit — залитый лунным светом, лунный (moonlit night — лунная ночь)
1*11 meet you at six if nothing prevents. — Я встречусь с то бой в шесть, если ничего не помешает/не помешают обстоя тельства. Illness prevented him from doing the work. — Болезнь по мешала ему выполнить работу. How can you prevent it from happening? — Как ты можешь этому помешать? Something prevented him from coming/his coming. — Что-то помешало ему прийти. Prevention is better than cure. — Легче предупредить (бо лезнь), чем вылечить./Легче предотвратить ошибку, чем ис править ее последствия.
She earned her living by sewing [' ssuin]. — Она зарабаты вала на жизнь шитьем. His first book earned him the fame of a novelist. — Его пер вая книга принесла ему славу хорошего романиста./Его пер вый роман прославил его. The teacher told her pupils that they had earned a holiday. — Учительница сказала ученикам, что они заслужили кани кулы/выходной. Her good work earned her the respect of her colleagues. — Хорошо работая, она заслужила уважение своих коллег. Не has spent all his earnings. — Он потратил весь свой за работок. 8. to do one's work — делать/выполнять свою работу to do one's duty — выполнять свой долг to do one's shopping — делать покупки to do one's morning exercises — делать зарядку You did well/wrong to refuse. — Ты хорошо/неправильно сделал, что отказался. Having nothing better to do I went for a walk. — За неиме нием лучших занятий я отправился на прогулку. There's nothing to be done now. — Теперь уже ничего не поделаешь/не попишешь. No sooner said than done. — Сказано — сделано. Well begun is half done. — Хорошее начало полдела откачало. I must do my best to help him. — Я должен сделать все воз можное, чтобы помочь ему. This medicine won't do you any good. — Это лекарство вам не поможет. His holiday did him a world/a lot/a great deal of good. — Отпуск явно пошел ему на пользу. It will do you more harm than good. — От этого вам будет больше вреда, чем пользы./Это принесет вам больше вреда, чем пользы. to do one's hair — причесываться, делать прическу to do one's room — убрать комнату to do one's bed — застелить свою постель I like the way she does her hair. — Мне нравится ее прическа. Will you do the beds while I do the window? — Застели кро вати, пока я буду мыть окно. * Did you do the British Museum when you were in London? —! Когда вы были в Лондоне, вы осмотрели экспозицию Британ ского музея/вы побывали в Британском музее? We often see foreigners in Moscow doing the sights. — В Мос кве мы часто видим иностранцев, осматривающих достопри мечательности . It won't do to play all day. — He годится/Нельзя играть целый день напролет. The room will do us quite well. — Комната вполне нам по дойдет. It won't do to sit up so late. — Нельзя ложиться спать так поздно. This sort of work won't do for him. — Такая работа ему не подойдет. Will this sheet of paper do? — Этот лист бумаги подойдет? Le Ros did well at the Bureau. — В Бюро Ле Po добился боль ших успехов./В Бюро у Ле Ро хорошо пошли дела. Everything in the garden is doing splendidly. — Все расте ния в саду чувствуют себя превосходно. She is doing very well at school. — Она очень хорошо учит ся в школе. Smoking should be done away with. — Необходимо покон чить с курением. to have smth. to do with smb./smth. — иметь отношение к кому-л./чему-л., иметь дело с кем-л./чем-л. to have nothing to do with smb./smth. — не иметь отноше ния к кому-л./чему-л», не иметь дела с кем-л./чём-л., не иметь ничего общего с кем-л./чем-л. to have little/not much to do with smb./smth. — иметь (весь ма) отдаленное отношение к кому-л./чему-л., иметь с кем-л./ чем-л. мало общего. Не has to do with all sorts of people. — Он имеет/Ему при ходится иметь дело с самыми разными людьми. We have to do with facts, not theories. — Мы имеем дело не с теориями, а с фактами. I advise you to have nothing to do with him. — He советую вам связываться с ним/иметь с ним дело. What have I to do with it? — Какое я к этому имею отношение? |