Учебное пособие Кривцова, Кочетова. Учебное пособие для обучающихся по техническим и экономическим направлениям подготовки бакалавров
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6. Read the text again and answer these questions: 1/ What are the main sources of higher education in Great Britain? 2/ How are British universities classified? 3/ How are the British students admitted to the universities? 4/ What is the role of the Department of Education and Science in controlling universities? 5/ What financial support do the universities get from the state? 6/ What are the main sources of teacher education in Great Britain? 7/ How are the teacher-training colleges maintained? 7. Make up the plan of the text and retell it according to the plan (not less then 100 words).
Reported Speech Косвенная речь
В переводе из прямой речи в косвенную речь меняются следующие наречия и обстоятельства времени: Now → then Today → that day Tonight → that night/that evening Yesterday → the day before, the previous day Tomorrow →the following day/next day, the day after Last Sunday → the previous Sunday Next week → the following week 8. Change these statements into reported speech. 1. Mike said: “I like sky diving. It isn’t dangerous.” 2. Suzie said: “I fell off my BMX bike eight times yesterday.” 3. Christine said: “I really enjoyed water skiing last summer.” 4. Dave said: “I hadn’t heard this CD before you played it.” 5. Johnny said: “I’ll go and help them.” 6. Pauline said: “I enjoyed climbing Everest.” 9. Change the following Yes/No questions into reported interrogatives. 1. “Did you enjoy the concert, John?” she asked. 2. “Do you often go skiing, Elena?” asked Julia. 3. “Have you ever been to Siena, Mick?” asked Rob. 4. “Are you enjoying yourselves, children?” asked Jo. 5. “Does Muriel eat meat?” asked Angela. 6. “Is Donald happy in his new job?” asked George. 10. Change the following Wh-questions into reported interrogatives using the verbs in brackets in the past simple. 1. Mary: “When is Jane coming tomorrow?” (ask) 2. Sammy: “How are we going to travel to Spain?” (want to know) 3. Joyce: “Why did you phone him last night?” (ask) 4. Brian: “Who has read this novel?” (wonder) 5. Alex: “Where will you go for your holidays?” (inquire) 6. Laura: “What is the time?” (want to know) 11. Yesterday you ran into your friend of yours, Helen. Helen told you a lot of things. Here are some of the things she said to you:
Later that day you tell another friend what Helen said. Use reported speech. 1. Helen said that she was thinking of going to live in France. 2. Helen said that………………………………………………………………… . 12. Put the following into direct speech. 1. He told Jane he would help her. 2. She told Mike he was very helpful. 3. Liz told mark that she had said that the previous day. 4. He said he would be glad to meet Jane. 5. She asked George if he would come the next day. 6. They asked Tim to tell them the truth. 13. Correct the errors. 1. He wanted to know where was the nearest bank. 2. He said he’ll come again. 3. She said she went to Dallas five years before. 4. I told Ron I would ring him up tomorrow. 5. She asked Bella what she was doing here. 6. Rod asked Jessy where would they go.
14. Read the following text and do the tasks after the text: Habitat for Humanity Over 1 billion people lack adequate housing. These people are found in every country of the world and, indeed, in almost every community. They live in huts made of sticks, mud, cardboard, or metal; in some cases, they don’t even have a roof over their heads. The problem is huge. Does this mean there is nothing that can be done? According to the people at Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), there is plenty that can be done. HFHI was founded in 1976 by Millard and Linda Fuller, millionaires who decided their money could best be sent helping people. Since then, HFHI has helped fix and build homes for tens of thousands of people in the United States and over 30 other countries. A look at who builds these homes reveals a lot about HFHI. Jimmy Carter, former U.S. president, and his wife, Rosalynn, spend a week each year helping to build houses. Evinor Mira, a 16-year old high school student, recently helped to build houses for his family and others in his community in Tepetitan, El Salvador. HFHI believes that the homes should not be given as charity; instead, the organization follows a system known as partnership housing: The people who live in the homes, like Evinor, work together with volunteers on the construction and then gradually pay off the basic cost of the homes. These payments, together with contributions, enable HFHI to help other people. By tackling the problem of inadequate housing, HFHI tackles other important social problems as well. People who have decent homes are better able to manage in life and to be productive members of society. And when homes are improved, neighborhoods and communities can be improved, too Read the text and I. Answer the following questions 1) How many people haven’t got adequate housing? 2) Who was a founder of HFHI? 3) Who can take part in construction of the homes? 4) What system does HFHI follow? 5) What social problem do you think HFHI is helping to solve? II. Choose T (true) or F (false) 1) T F There are some countries without housing problems. 2) T F Habitat for Humanity International was founded in 1976. 3) T F Habitat for Humanity International was founded by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. 4) T F HFHI has helped people in over 30 countries. 5) T F Partnership housing means that HFHI works with a government agency.
15. Read and translate the supplementary text. UNIT 4. THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA
 Talk about these questions. 1. Is the structure in American university the same like in Russian university? 2. What is the difference?
tuition fees – плата за обучение financial assistance – финансовая помощь loan - заем interest - процент needy students – нуждающиеся студенты scholarships - стипендия dormitories – стандартные домики для проживания crown – завершать, заканчивать baccalaureate core – основа программы бакалавриата major – специализация critical thinking – критическое мышление appreciation of differences – понимание различий global awareness – знание мира internships – практика 1. Write out international words out of the text and translate them without a dictionary
2. Compose 10 questions you expect the text to provide answers to. THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE USA There is no national system of higher education in the United States. American higher education developed its own pattern by the adaptation of two traditions: the collegiate tradition of England and the university tradition of the Continent. Higher education is given in colleges and universities. There are over 2100 various higher educational institutions including colleges, and universities. There are about 3,000 colleges and universities, both private and public, in the United States. Students have to pay both in private and state universities. Private universities are generally smaller but very expensive, which means that the tuition fees are extremely high. State colleges and universities are not that expensive, the tuition fees are usually lower and if the students are State residents, they pay much less. Every young person who enters a higher educational institution can get financial assistance. If a student is offered a loan, he should repay it (with interest) after he has left the college. Needy students are awarded grants which they do not have to repay. Scholarships are given when a student is doing exceptionally well at school. American universities and colleges are usually built as a separate complex, called “campus”, with teaching blocks, libraries, dormitories, and many other facilities grouped together on one site, often on the outskirts of the city. Some universities are comprised of many campuses. All the universities are independent, offering their own choice of studies, setting their own admission standards and deciding which students meet their standards. The greater the prestige of the university, the higher the credits and grades required. There are no final examinations at colleges and universities, and students receive a degree if they have collected enough credits in a particular subject. The traditional degree which crowns the undergraduate course is that of a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or a Bachelor of Science (B.C.) The lower level of graduate school is for obtaining the Master’s Degree (M.A. or M.C.), and the upper level is for the degree of a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) The baccalaureate degree includes:
The baccalaureate core emphasizes critical thinking, writing, world cultures, appreciation of differences, the arts, sciences, literature, lifelong fitness, and global awareness in 15 course categories. Over 250 courses are available to meet core requirements. Students must complete a total of 51 credits. Totally, a minimum of 180 credits are required to get a Bachelor degree, 45 credits beyond the baccalaureate degree to get a Master degree, 108 credits to get a Doctoral degree. During each semester, you will take a variety of courses, each of which is awarded a number of 'credits.' A credit is a unit of study. Most courses carry 3 credits, although varying amount of credit can be awarded for lectures, independent project work, laboratory time and internships The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term works and examinations. The student’s work is given a credit, usually on a five (0-4) point scale:
3. Scan the text and answer your own questions from ex.1. 4. Decide if the sentences (1-8) below are true or false.
5. Read the text again and answer these questions: 1/ Is there a national system of higher education in the USA? 2/ What government bodies do control higher education in the country? 3/ What is the size of universities and colleges? 4/ What types of higher education institutions exist in the country? 5/ Where do the universities receive their financial support from? 6/ How is financial aid provided for students? 6. Read and translate the text below. Put the following sentences and phrases in the correct order. 1. American and British higher education systems compared. 2. Sources of financial support. 3. The organization and size of U.S. and British universities. 4. Students’ grants in Great Britain and in the USA. 5. Types of higher educational establishments and their structure. There is no national system of education and Ministry of Education in the USA such as exists in Great Britain. The British Department of Education and Science controls higher education sector in the country. In contrast, education in America is largely a business of the individual state, not of the Federal Government. Each of fifty states has its own system of education. Universities and colleges of Great Britain are usually small and traditional. American higher educational establishments, combining a number of different colleges and professional schools are usually larger and more innovative than British ones, sometimes with 25.000 to 35.000 students on one campus. Universities have never had a monopoly on higher learning. Teacher training colleges and polytechnics are alternatives to universities for some English students. Some of them are of university level and their work is officially described as the higher education sector. On the contrary, all schools of education, engineering and business studies are integral parts of universities in the U.S. British universities receive about 79% of their financial support through Parliamentary grants. Similarly in the USA, public institutions get about 75% of their funds from local, state or federal sources, but private colleges and universities receive little or no government support. In Britain personal financial aid provided by the government to over 80% of the students is administered according to the parents’ income. In the U.S., students’ grants are administered by the university or the sponsoring agency and are supplied by private organizations and the state or federal governments. Obviously, British and American universities have similar educational goals but different sources of financial support. |