Учебное пособие для слушателей программы дополнительного (к высшему) образования Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации
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Task 10. Pronoun 1. Fill in the pronouns then identify them: reflexive or emphatic.
do all the cooking ………….. .
keep ……….. healthy.
2. Fill in with: of one's own, on one's own or one's own in the correct form. Example: He left...his own … family to go and live abroad.
3. Fill in the gaps with of where necessary, and my, your, etc, own. Example: If they had a garden ...of their own... they could grow flowers.
4. Fill in another, (the) other(s), each other or every other.
5. Fill each of the gaps with other, another, others, or other's. Left-handedness is a fascinating phenomenon unless you are trying to undo a knot that a left-handed person has tied the .......... (1) way round. It is surprising that left-handers have not protested more about how the physical world has been constructed around the ‘.......... (2) lot’. Though the days have gone when children were forced to change to the .......... (3) way, we still don’t make enough concessions. Surely lefties should be encouraged to greet one .......... (4) by shaking the .......... (5) left hand. Why don’t they always stick out their left hand anyway and surprise all us .......... (6) once in a while? I’ve seen some lefties writing like crabs and producing handwriting from .......... (7) planet and I’ve seen .......... (8) who produce better writing than any .......... (9) person I know. And .......... (10) thing: why don’t left-handed waiters tease us by laying the table ‘back to front’? They’ve as much right as the right-handers. There + be there + be + singular noun If there's any chance of you coming, let us know. there + be + plural noun (not possible) Once upon time there were three pigs. there + be + list, if the first item is a singular countable noun On the table, there was a pencil, a pen and some papers. there + be + a number or a few/lot, some etc. There were a lot of people in the room. There are a few people waiting outside. 6. Fill each space in these sentences with it or there and an appropriate verb. Example: ..It takes… me one hour to get home. 1. ........... very expensive to buy a new car. 2. ............ difficult trying to reach her by phone so I sent a fax. 3. He put his coat on because……….getting cold. 4. ............ to be some mistake - I've never met you before in my life. 5. ................. several fights outside the stadium but no one was hurt. 6. .......... been some time since I wrote to you, as I’ve been very busy. 7. ................ a pity you didn’t come to the party; we had a lovely time. 8. ….......... life after death? I wonder. 9. …………. be some kind of explanation for such strange behaviour. 10. .................... no special way of doing it. 7. Fill each space in the paragraph below with it or there. ….. (1) has always been a disadvantage for visitors to Britain that the weather is very changeable and that ........ (2) is always raining, even in summer. …………(3) are countless jokes about British weather and no doubt ……(4) is a good reason for their popularity. ......... (5) is no smoke without fire. …... (6) doesn’t however seem to be the case any more that Britain does not have a summer. In fact, ……. (7) seems to be less and less rainfall nowadays, which is a worldwide phenomenon. What has happened is that …….(8) has been a rise in the temperature of the planet as a whole. ........ (9) is getting hotter every year to such an extent that .......... (10) is no longer necessary to go abroad if you want to get a sun-tan. ....... (11) will be much quicker and cheaper to go to Brighton or Bournemouth. ….... (12) is thought that global warming is having both positive and negative effects in different parts of the world. .......... (13) have been several conferences to find a solution to the problem but ....... (14) has become obvious that …….. (15) is no simple answer to it. 8. Fill in the gaps with else, else's, or else or elsewhere.
9. Complete the sentences using else as in the example. Example: Hurry up, James, ...everybody else... (all the other people) has left.
10. Fill in the gaps with each or every.
11. Underline the correct item. Oliver has got two jobs, but 1) neither/neither of them pay very well. He has had more jobs already than 2) most/most of people have in their whole lives, but 3) none/none of them really suited him. It is a shame, because he spent 4) several/ several of years at college and has got 5) some/any good qualifications. 6) Either of/Both his parents are very proud of him for getting a good education, but 7) each of/neither of them can understand why he can't find a suitable job. He buys 8) several/most newspapers every week and looks carefully through 9) each of/every one of them to see if 10) any/no good jobs are being advertised. He applies for 11) every one of/every available position, but often receives 12) some/no reply. He still believes that he will find his ideal job one day. 12. Complete this extract with a suitable pronoun or possessive adjective which best fits each space. In the book the author, an American, describes his first visit to England. It must be said that Dover was not vastly improved by daylight, but I liked (1)…. . I liked (2)…small scale and cosy air, and the way everyone said 'Good morning', and 'Hello', and ‘Dreadful weather - but it must brighten up’, to (3)….., and the sense that this was just (4)……more in a very long series of fundamentally cheerful, well-ordered, pleasantly uneventful days. (5)…….. in the whole of Dover would have any particular reasons to remember 21 March 1973, except for (6)……..and a handful of children born that day. I didn't know how early (7)……..could decently begin asking for a room in England, so I thought (8)……would leave (9)……..till mid-morning. With time on (10)……..hands, I made a thorough search for a guesthouse that looked attractive and quiet, but friendly and not too expensive, and at the stroke often o'clock presented (11)…….on the doorstep of the (12)………..I had carefully selected, taking care not to discompose the milk bottles. (13) … was a small hotel that was really a guesthouse, indeed, was really a boarding-house. I don't remember (14) name, but I well recall the proprietress, who showed (15)…….. to a room, then gave (16) …..a tour of the facilities and outlined the many complicated rules for residing there. This was all bewilderingly new to me. Where I came from, (17)……….got a room in a motel, spent ten hours making a lavish and possibly irredeemable mess of (18)…….., and left early the next morning. This was like joining the army. Task 11. Prepositions and conjunctions 1. Put in in, at, on, to or nothing (-).
2. Put in in, from, by or until.
3. Put in for, duringor while.
*on time neither late nor early, at the correct time I always make sure I get to work on time. *in time not late I hope I'll get to the airport in time to watch the plane land. 4. Fill in on time or in time.
5. Fill in the gaps with thecorrect preposition from the list. Some prepositions care be used more than once. at, by, for, in, on, out of, off, under, from, without
6. Underline the best alternative in italics.
7. Prepositions are missing from the following three stories. Use the prepositions above each story to fill the gaps. according to across to between by from in on A bad explorer A man (1) ........ Kentucky, USA, had a dream that would take him away from the rolling hills of his home state. The dream: to row (2) ........ the icy Bering Strait (3) ........ Alaska and Russia, (4) ........ a bathtub! Unfortunately, the dream was not completely fulfilled. (5) ........ the explorer, ‘I took four gallons of peanut butter along, but (6) ........ the morning of the fourth day, it had gone solid. (7) ........ late afternoon, although the sun was still high, the sea went rather thick. Next morning I was frozen in.’ No problem. He abandoned the bathtub and walked (8) ........ land. at behind in instead of into like under with Some stupid thieves (9) ........ the town of Vang, Norway, a group of professional thieves were carrying out a carefully planned robbery. Everything was going (10) ........ clockwork. They broke into a company (11) ........ night, located the safe and set up some explosives that would blow the door of the safe off, allowing them to get to the money inside. After setting the fuse, they ran (12) ........ the next room, crouched (13) ........ the wall and waited for the explosion. It came a few seconds later. The safe door was blown off. So was the roof. In fact, the entire building collapsed, trapping the robbers, still crouching in the next office, (I4) ........ the rubble of the destroyed building. There had been just one problem they had not foreseen: (15) ........ money, the safe had been filled (16) ........ dynamite. about against along at between during in in into of off on on on on with Self-help crime prevention A Western businessman living (17) ........ Japan had been warned (18) ........ pickpockets in the Tokyo subways. These notorious thieves operated (19) ........ the crowded rush hour. They had a habit (20) ........ grabbing wallets just as the subway doors were closing, leaving the victim helpless (21) ........ the train while they disappeared with the loot. One morning the businessman was (22) ........ his usual subway stop when the train pulled in. He got on, and sure enough, just as the train doors were about to close, he felt a man rub (23) ........ him. In a panic, the businessman reached for his wallet. It was gone! He looked up as the doors began to close and saw that a man had just got (24) ........ the train. The man was looking at him triumphantly. Thinking fast, the businessman pushed his hands (25) ........ the closing doors and grabbed the thief's jacket. The doors closed, with the thief still (26) ........ the platform but (27) ........ the lapels of his jacket trapped (28) ........ the tight grip of the businessman. As the train began to pull away, the expression (29) ......... the thief's face changed. He began screaming as he ran (30) ........ the platform with the train. Finally, he held onto a post and his lapels tore away from his jacket. As the train moved (31) ........ the tunnel, the businessman was satisfied that at least he had frightened the thief. When he reached his office, he called his wife to get his credit card numbers so he could cancel them. ‘But honey,’ she said, ‘I've been waiting to call you. You left your wallet (32) ........ the dressing table when you went to work today.’ 8. Complete the text with a suitable preposition in each space. It never ceases to amaze me how little notice some people now take (1) ...... rules in public places. When I was a child, it would never have occurred to me not to comply (2) .......... the rules. If someone smoked in defiance of a ‘No Smoking’ sign on a train, they would rapidly be reminded (3) ........ their transgression by several irate passengers, who would refer the errant smoker (4) .......... the sign in no uncertain terms. What's more, the person accused would normally apologize (5)............his indiscretion, and would certainly refrain (6) ......... repeating his anti-social behaviour. These days reminding someone (7) ........ their public duty not to drop litter or swear on the streets is likely to succeed only (8) ......... unleashing a torrent of verbal abuse (9) ........ the wrongdoer. Many people seem blithely unaware that, for example, the ‘silence in the library’ rule applies (10) ............ them, as much as to anyone else. Asking them is not enough, pleading (11) ........... them might still not deter them (12) .............. their noisy chat, resorting (13) ............physical violence, an undesirable option, seems the only one likely to get a result. But, in all seriousness, what really annoys me is that one is made to feel churlish or old-fashioned just to insist (14)........... basic respect of everyday manners. Truly, it seems polite behaviour and good manners count (15) .......... nothing in today's society. 9. Fill in the gaps with the correct particle from the list. on, away with, behind, up, off, in, back on
10. Fill in the gaps with the correct particle from the list. away, on, off, out, back, up, up to
Task 12. Conjunction 1. Circle the correct answers. 1. I had a drink with Andrew before / after he left. 2. Before / After I took my examinations, I studied very hard. 3. He went out with his friends although / in spite of he wasn’t feeling well. 4. I went into the house although / in spite of there was nobody there. 5. Although / In spite of the rain, the streets were full of people. 6. Because / Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t play the match. 7. I couldn’t understand them because / because of their accent. 2. Circle the best conjunction. 1. I’ll phone you although / so / when I arrive. 2. The party was boring, although / because / so I went home. 3. The weather was nice, although / or / until it was a bit cold. 4. I enjoyed my month in Argentina, although / and / but I learnt a lot of Spanish. 5. She speaks good French, after / because / but she has a strong English accent. 6. I’ll tell you my plans because / so / while we’re having lunch. 7. I helped him after / because / or he was a good friend. 3. Complete the sentences with words from the box. You don’t need to use all the words.
1. ……she spoke very fast, I understood nearly everything. 2. I couldn’t read ……..it was too dark. 3. The food wasn’t very good, ……..he ate everything. 4. The lesson finished early, …..we went for a walk. 5. ………I got his letter I went round to see him. 4. Put conjunctions from the box into the text.
Andy Robert was bored at school,…..1…… he left …..2…. he was sixteen ….3…… got a job in a travel agency. He did not stay there very long, …4….he liked the work. He decided to move …5… the pay was very low …6…the hours were too long. His next job was in an import – export company. He liked that much better, …7… he travelled to America a lot …8…. the work was very well paid. He worked there for three years, …9… he really understood the business; then he started his own company. Now he is doing very well, …10…the work is sometimes very hard. He says he wants to make enough money to stop working ….11…. he is 50. 5. Join the beginnings and ends.
6. Complete each gap in the text with a conjunction or preposition. but Although despite Despite even though however However Nevertheless On the contrary though whereas While Yet The Elgin Marbles The Elgin Marbles are statues which date back to the 5th century ВС. (1) .... they were created in Greece and were located there until the late 18th century, they are now exhibited in the British Museum, London. The statues used to be in Athens (2)…… they were bought in 1799 by the Englishman Lord Elgin, who wanted to bring them back to Britain as part of his personal art collection. (3)……,on the sea voyage back to England, the ship carrying them was sunk and the 'Marbles' were temporarily lost. It would be an incredibly expensive operation to recover them. (4) , Elgin did so, and (5) he was a very rich man, he placed himself in enormous debt. (6) his own desires, he had to sell the Marbles to the British Government to recover his losses and they were housed in the British Museum, where they have remained ever since. In recent times, (7)…, the statues have become the subject of debate between Britain and Greece and, indeed, among British historians and archaeologists. (8)….the Greek authorities have requested the return of the Marbles on many occasions, the request has always been refused. There are arguments on both sides. Some people believe that it would be foolish to return them, valid (9)…..the Greek request may be, because of the pollution that is affecting the Parthenon and the possibility of earthquakes in Greece. Restored to the Parthenon, the Marbles could be exposed to damage, (10)…..they are safe in the British Museum. Of course, there are equally compelling arguments for their return, especially on the moral level. It cannot be denied, (11) the material safety the statues enjoy in Britain, that they are part of the Greek heritage. Many people also refute the argument that Athens would not be a safe place for them. (12) ……., they claim that if the statues were returned to Greece, a new state-of-the-art building would be constructed to house them, where they would be both safe and in their rightful environment. Furthermore, the British authorities have long used the argument that works of art should not be subject to 'ownership', but should be kept where they are accessible to most people. (13)…….in the past they have returned a number of cultural artefacts from other civilisations to their origins. The argument continues, and is likely to do so for some time in the future. 7. Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Owning a car Owning a car has several advantages. (1) ......... A ......... you can go wherever you want, whenever you want. You don't have to depend on public transport and (2) ................... you feel more independent. (3) ...................... you are able to give lifts to friends, or carry heavy loads of shopping. (4) ..................... , there can be problems, especially if you live in a city. Running a car can be expensive, and you have to spend money on items (5) .................., petrol, servicing the car, and repairs. You might also have problems with parking, as everywhere is becoming more and more crowded with cars. (6) .................... , most people feel that the advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. (7) ....................., most young people start driving as soon as they can. (8) .................... , I think that cars nowadays have become essential, but I also feel that they cause a lot of problems, (9) ....................., they are noisy and dirty. (10) .................... , the large numbers of cars on the road means that most towns and cities are organized for the convenience of cars, and the needs of pedestrians are ignored. 1) A First of all B As a result C Personally D Besides this 2) A however B personally C since D as a result 3) A In contrast B In my view C Besides this D However 4) A On the other hand B To sum up C Thus D For example 5) A as B such as C owing to D then 6) A Finally B Secondly C However D As 7) A For B Next C As well as this D Consequently 8) A For example B Personally C Nevertheless D In comparison 9) A for example B however C thus D since 10) A As a result B Moreover C Personally D In comparison Task 13. Verb 1. Choose the present simple or present continuous (the verbs see, think, have, be, and taste are sometimes stative).
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