Учебное пособие для слушателей программы дополнительного (к высшему) образования Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации
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A Tea 1)…(make) from the leaves of the tea plant. At first, it 2) …(use) as a medicine, but it 3)…(become) an everyday drink in the 3rd century AD. First, the leaves 4) …(pick) from the plant and they 5)… (spread) onto a cloth. They 6)…(leave) there for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are rolled up until they 7)…(break) into small pieces. Finally, the leaves 7)…(dry). 8)…(pack) into containers the tea is sent to different countries. It 9)…(sell) to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea. 10)…(make) tea, we 11)…(boil) water and 12) …(pour) it over the dry tea in a teapot. This 13)…(leave) for three to five minutes. We can then add milk, lemon or sugar. In Britain, it was the custom 14)…(serve) tea in the afternoons with sandwiches and cakes. This custom 15)…(start) by the Duchess of Bedford around 1840. Today, tea 16)…(drink) all over the world. B People of all ages 1) …..(love) eating ice cream. It 2) ……(be) a wonderful dessert, especially when it 3) ……..(decorate) with tasty syrups and whipped cream. Ice cream 4) ………(introduce) to Europe from the East. In 1670, Francisco Procopio 5) ……..(open) a café in Paris, serving ices and sherbets. The ices and sherbets 6) ………(become) so popular that by 1676 there 7) …….(be) 250 ice makers in Paris. The main ingredients which 8) …….(use) for ice cream are milk, cream, sugar and eggs. These ingredients 9) …….(combine) to make a mixture which 10) ……. (put) in a large container and 11) ……..(refrigerate) for several hours. Then, nuts or chocolate pieces 12) ……..(add) to make different flavours. After that, the ice cream 13) …….(package) individually and finally it 14) …….(freeze). C The Academy Awards Presentation 1) ...was ..first… organized... (first/organise) in 1929 and since then, it 2) ............... (hold) every year. The presentation 3) ................. (attend) by those at the top of the film industry and 4) .............. (watch) on TV by millions of viewers who want to see who 5) .................. (present) with the golden statue which 6) ................ (desire) by everyone in the motion picture world. The voting for the Academy Awards 7) ................... (conduct) secretly and the results 8) ................. (not reveal) to anyone until the envelope 9) ................ (open) on stage in front of the audience. Awards 10) .................. (give) for the best individual or collective work and 11) ................ (separate) into different categories. Up to five nominations 12) ........................ (make) in each category. The awards, which 13) ................... (know) as Oscars, 14) ...................... (consider) to be the highest honour anyone in the film industry can 15) .................... (give). D Coffee 1) ........................ (say) to originate from Kaffa in Ethiopia and most species of coffee plant 2) ..................... (find) in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. The species which 3) ................. (think) to be the earliest coffee plant 4) ..................... (ever, cultivate) by man is Coffea arabica. Today it 5) ................ (grow) mostly in Latin America. The coffee shrub 6) ....................... (reach) a height of 8-10 metres and 7) ................ (have) white scented flowers. It 8) ............... (produce) a red fruit which 9) ............. (call) a cherry. The cherry 10)................ (contain) two seeds which 11) ................(join) together. These seeds, which 12) ................ (also/know) as beans, 13) .................. (first/roast) and then they 14) ................. (grind) to make coffee. The grounds 15) ........................ (then/process) in a variety of different ways. Sometimes they 16) .................. (filter) and sometimes they 17) ................. (soak) in water to make the drink which is popular with so many people. Coffee is available as grounds or as instant coffee powder and 18) ................ (drink) by one third of the world's population. 7. Fill in by or with.
Task 15. Passive Voice / Causative Form 1. Rewrite the sentences using have something done. Example: His teeth are checked twice a year. He has his teeth checked twice a year.
2. Rephrase the following using have, make or get. Example: He insisted that Peter left immediately. - He made Peter leave immediately.
3. Turn the following into the passive. Example: They say he is a millionaire. He ...is said… to be a millionaire. It ...is said… that he is a millionaire.
4. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Example: People say that she owns several companies. It is said that she owns several companies. She is said to own several companies.
5. Complete the second sentence in these exchanges using the verb in brackets and any other words given. Use the causative form with have or get. Example: A: ‘Your hair looks nice.’ B: ‘Thanks, I’ve just ..............................’ (cut) B: ‘Thanks, I’ve just had it cut.’ 1. A: ‘I’m finding it difficult to read small print nowadays.’ B: ‘Why don’t you go and …………..... ?’ (eyes; test) 2. A: ‘What a lovely dress - where did you buy it?’ B: ‘I didn’t. I ...............by the dressmaker down the road.’ (make) 3. A: ‘My car’s been making some funny noises just lately.’ B: ‘You should………………….....’ (service) 4. A: ‘Your hair looks different! What have you done to it?’ B: ‘I .... ………......, that’s all.’ (just; cut) 5. A: ‘This house is freezing.’ B: ‘Yes, we need …………………… .’ (central heating; install) 6. A: ‘The living room looks lovely.’ B: ‘I’m glad you like it. We’ve ..................... .’ (just; redecorate) 7. A: ‘Why aren’t you wearing your watch?’ B: ‘I ……………...........at the moment.’ (repair) 8. A: ‘Oops! Sorry I've spilt some wine on your trousers.’ B: ‘Don’t worry. I was going to ..................... anyway.’ (clean) 9. A: ‘That tree is blocking the view from my front window.’ B: ‘Well, you don’t expect me ……......, do you?’ (cut down) . 10. A: ‘I’ve got a terrible toothache.’ B: ‘Well, why don’t you go and ………….?’ (that cavity; fill) 6. Complete each space in this text with a suitable word. The first (0) is given as an example. It’s been one of those days and it isn’t over yet. First of all, I had to take the car to the garage to have the brakes…repaired…(0). The car was in a bad enough state, but we ….….(1) had it damaged even more by some idiot as we were waiting at the traffic lights the other day. He bumped into the back of the car and we told him he would have to pay to ………. (2) the car ……….(3) and he said he would …….. (4) it paid for by his insurance company. I certainly hope he does. The mechanic told me I could’ve ........ (5) myself killed driving the car and that we should’ve …….…..(6) the brakes checked months ago. I left the car at the garage, then went straight to the hairdresser to have my hair …… (7). I wanted to have ....... (8) cut really short, so it took ages. After that, I had to take Bill’s suit to the dry-cleaner’s to ….... (9) it cleaned after he had had wine ……………..( 10) over it at the party last night. Next, I had to go to the supermarket. When I had finished, my bags were so heavy I had to …………(11) them delivered to my house - and that cost more money. And the day isn’t half over yet. I’ve still got to have my photograph…………(12) for a new passport - my old one ………(13) stolen when we had our house………..(14) a few months back. What a life! Things can’t get worse, can they? Inversion There are at least eighteen types of inversion: 1. neg intro 2. intro adverbial (in, down, prepositional phrase) 3. intro -ed 4. comparative 5. intro comparative 6. as 7. so... that... 8. had, should, were 9. there is 10. here is 11. intro -ing 12. emphasis 13. the bigger, the better 14. questions 15. "story speech" 16. nor 17. so do I/neither do I 18. intro adjective 7. Chris Young, a fashion designer, is talking to his staff about keeping the designs for his next show a secret. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Under no circumstances 1) ...should you tell... (you/should/ tell) anyone about the plans for the show next week and in no way 2) ....................... (you/must/give) our competitors any clues about our designs. Not until the day after the fashion show 3) .............................. (you/will/be able to) talk to reporters about the clothes. Only in this way 4) .................................. (the show/will/be) a success. If you all follow these orders, not only 5) ............................. (you/will/get) a large bonus after the show, but you will also be given some time off. 8. Rewrite each sentence using the words in brackets.
6. They started to argue soon after they had gotten married. (No sooner) 9. The following sentences may (or may not) include inversions. Choose the correct option. 1. Thank goodness …….. hurt in the train accident. a) didn’t more people get c) more didn’t get people b) didn’t get more people d) more people didn’t get 2. The study showed …….. for maternal and child health. a) how is nutrition important c) that how important nutrition is b) how important nutrition is d) that how nutrition is important 3. Only by working three jobs …….. able to support his large family. a) he was c) he’s being b) he is d) was he 4. The boss didn’t know what to do, …….. the rest of us. a) so did c) neither b) either d) nor did 5. It was not until Andrew stopped smoking …….. healthy again. a) did he feel c) then he felt b) that he started to feel d) that he did feel 6. …….. you see Frank at the conference, give him my regards. a) Should c) Might b) Would d) Could 7. Strange ........ , he chose not to undergo surgery. a) may it seem c) was it that b) as may it seem d) as it may sound 8. Try …….. he could not save the drowning woman. a) did he hard c) as hard as b) as he might d) though he did 9. So ……. that she licked the plate clean. a) being hungry c) hungry was she b) great her hunger d) had she hunger 10. Effie disliked the film, ……… a) as did Frank c) nor Frank b) and also disliked it Frank d) so Frank did 11. …….. the medicine than she began to feel better. a) Not until she swallowed c) No sooner had she swallowed b) Hardly did she swallow d) Having swallowed 12. Only by speaking more …….. improve your fluency in English. a) you are able to c) does b) is it possible to d) will it 10. Rewrite the sentences using the words / phrases given. Example: He not only dropped the eggs, but he slipped on them. Not only ...did he drop the eggs, but he slipped on them... 1. She has seldom been to such a good party. Seldom ....................................................................... 2. I have rarely met such polite people. Rarely ........................................................................ 3. They have not once visited the museum in the town. Not once ....................................................................... 4. I realised only then that the window was broken. Only then ................................................................... 5. I not only took the picture, but I developed it. Not only ........................................................................ 6. They have never taken such an important exam before. Never before ............................................................. 7. I had no sooner closed the door than Bill opened it again. No sooner ...................................................................... 8. He has seldom heard such an amusing joke. Seldom..................................................................... 9. They have rarely taken a day off work. Rarely ............................................................................ 10. He has not once asked us to help him. Not once ....................................................................... 11. They had no sooner sat down than the film started. No sooner ..................................................................... 12. He noticed only then that the music had stopped. Only then ....................................................................., 13. She has never attended an audition before. Never before ........................................................ 14. I not only broke the glass, but I cut my finger on it. Not only .................................................................... |