Учебное пособие English ad Verbum
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5. Speak with your friend about Ufa State Aviation Technical University. Use the words given below To be founded in 1932, scientific and educational complex, to train specialists, 7 faculties (Aircraft Engines, Aircraft Technological Systems, Aircraft Instrument – making, Informatics and Robotics, Natural Sciences, Humanities, and Economics, Management, Finances), department, full time, by correspondence, to provide, up-to-date equipment, to give an opportunity, research work, take into account post graduate course, to involve, library, campus, dormitories, to have at one s disposal, services center, medical center, reading hall, computer center, public catering center, clubs. 6. Make up and write down 10 questions which you would include in a questionnaire for a University graduate in Ufa 7. Discuss with your friends the career opportunities open to young people in this country Unit 7. NEW TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Comment on the following quotation 1.Almost everything that is great has been done by youth (J. Galsworthy) Are you already very familiar with e-mail? What language did you use when you were communicating by electronic mail? Is there an e-mail system where you study or work? What is a computer virus? What do you know about computer criminals? Vocabulary to Text 1. to amaze – изумлять invention – изобретение locations – размещение cockpit – кубрик to resemble – быть похожим to mount – монтировать, подниматься to simulatе – изображать, моделировать angle – угол clumsy – неуклюжий helmet – шлем to manipulate – управлять lense – линза to link – связывать to allow – позволять radiograph – рентген. снимок emergency – критическое положение safely – безопасно to explore – исследовать temple – храм surgeon – хирург lung – легкое to damage – повреждать benefit – выгода Text 1. 1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks that follow it. Virtual reality By CHRIS GILL A whole new world that is only a touch away. Not long ago computers were considered an amazing invention. Today they form part of our everyday lives. The latest thing today is Virtual Reality. A Virtual Reality (VR) system can transport the user to exotic locations such as the cockpit of a space module, a beach in Hawaii or the inside of the human body. The word which comes closest to describing Virtual Reality is ‘simulator’. VR technology resembles the flight simulators that are used to train pilots. With flight simulation, an airplane cockpit is mounted onto a platform which moves with the motions of a simulated airplane. VR is also a simulator, but instead of looking at a flat, two-dimensional screen and operating a lever, the person who experiences VR is surrounded by a 3-D (three-dimensional) computer-generated representation; and is able to move around in a simulated world, seeing it from different angles. The VR system is still in the early stages of its development. At the moment it is necessary to put a large, clumsy-looking high-tech helmet on your head to see the simulated world, and you have to wear a special glove on your hand in order to manipulate the objects you see there. Lenses and two miniature display screens inside the helmet create the illusion that the screen surrounds on every side. You can ‘look behind’ computer-generated objects, pick them up and examine them, walk around and see things from a different angle. This complex visual model changes every time you move according to a programme in the powerful computer to which the helmet and glove are linked by cables. Already today VR is used in medicine to improve X-rays by allowing radiographers to see a three-dimensional view of the body. It is also used in police training schools. By using VR, Scottish police can train police drivers in emergency response driving: high speed driver-training is done safely in a simulated car. Developers of VR say its potential is powerful. In schools, pupils could explore the Great Pyramid, or an Aztec temple or study molecules from the inside; in hospitals, surgeons could plan operations by first ‘travelling’ through the brain, heart or lungs without damaging the body. But of course there are dangers as well as benefits. In the wrong hands VR can be used for powerful fantasies and pornography. Fortunately, perhaps, it will be some time before the ‘virtual world’ can truly mimic the real one. 2. Match the following words and word-combinations, use them in the sentences of your own. 1) amazing invention a) храм 2) flight simulators b) школы полицейской подготовки 3) two-dimensional screen c) воображаемый мир 4) high-tech helmet d) 2-х мерный экран 5) different angles e) изумительное изобретение 6) simulated world f) симуляторы полетов 7) police training schools g) другой угол зрения 8) temple h) шлем – симулятор 3. Translate the following questions into English, then answer them. 1. Чем был компьютер для человека в недалеком прошлом и чем он является для нас сегодня? 2. Что такое виртуальная реальность? 3. На что похожа технология VR? 4. Развивается ли система VR? 5. Где можно использовать технологиюVR? 6. Какие существуют опасности использования VR? 4. Speak for or against virtual reality. Vocabulary to Text 2. retrieve – вернуть, восстановить gossip – сплетничать globe – глобус, шар flaw – трещина utter – произносить, полный, абсолютный chaos – хаос access – доступ coin – создавать новые слова и выражения mission – призвание, цель scrutiny – проверка, рассмотрение lack – недостаток flexible – гибкий to implement – выполнять, орудие, инструмент render – делать, превращать deceptively – обманчивый Text 2. 1. Read and translate the text. Do the tasks that follow it Intelligent Intranets What could be better than an intranet? You have your own internal enterprise-wide Internet or Web system where you can post and retrieve company news and information, work in progress, and gossip about co-workers. And the potential for group work with colleagues all over the globe is limitless. Really, the only flaw is that your intranet can be utter chaos from Day One – until you realize you have to start managing content and controlling access. Intranets contain many documents and other data items, prepared by many people from many departments. How do you manage the process of creation and maintenance in this free-for-all environment? How do you use your intranet to improve your business? Setting up an intranet is probably too easy and inexpensive, as Steven L. Telleen, the person credited with coining the term intranet, has found. Formerly of Amdahl Corporation and now director of strategy and business development at Intranet Partners (Santa Clara, CA), Dr. Tellen's mission is fighting the "lack of business scrutiny that is going into intranet protects.” An intranet uses Internet protocols – TCP/IP – and Internet tools on an organization's LAN or WAN. The structure often uses Web-style pages of information. Users within the organization can post information and can access posted information. Although usually intended for internal use, sometimes the enterprise allows the outside world access to part or all of the intranet. Open standards make intranets wildly popular. They are flexible, easy to implement and use, and platform and vendor-independent. Web browsers render information more accessible. Helper applications and plug-ins integrate browsers with existing applications. According to Netscape, about 50 percent of its Web servers are for intranets. Web tools for receiving and publishing information are deceptively easy to use – and often deceptively free. All you need to start an intranet are a free server and free Web clients. A skilled user may be able to set up a Web site from scratch in an afternoon. And that is just where the problems can begin. It's as easy as finger-painting, and it can be just as messy. As the first pages start going on-line, you start wishing for an HTML editor. Soon, users discover that the technology is simple enough for them to publish information on their own, and pages and servers start sprouting like weeds all over an organization. Tellen recounts that when information managers at large corporations run a Web crawler on their intranets for the first time, they often discover that about 30 percent of the servers that appear were previously unknown to them. "Unofficial applications and information seem to be the trademark of intranets," he notes. While the unknown may be exciting, it's not easy to control. Whether official or unofficial, an intranet needs managing. Probably the first thing a Web administrator will need is a set of administration tools to check links and fight "spaghetti." Then mail and, perhaps, news servers become part of the system. As the organization starts using the net more interactively, CGI scripts implement on-screen forms, and back-office applications collect the data and feed it to an order processing or work flow system. To allow information to flow the other way, the Web needs a database link. 1. Match the following words and their definitions. Use them in the sentences of your own 1. modem 2. software 3. e-mail 4. confident 5. hard disk 6. information a) a system that allows messages to be sent from one computer to another b) feeling certain c) a piece of electronic equipment that allows information to be sent from one computer to another d) a piece of news e) a part inside a computer that can store technology, information f) the programmes that you put into computers to make them do the job you want 6. Compare the differences between the Internet and Intranet. Discuss their advantages 7. Discuss the present day technologies with your friends DIALOGUES Dialogue 1. Read and dramatize the following dialogues. RICHARD Anna, I wonder if you could help me in explaining what these different things are? First of all, a CD-ROM. What's that? ANNA A CD-ROM. Okay. It's a way of keeping information on a disk, which can then be read by a computer. RICHARD So you put it into the computer ... ANNA Yes… . RICHARD ... And then the computer reads it. I see. Right. Now, a fax. I know that that's a way that you send or receive printed material down the phone line in an electronic form. But how does that differ from e-mail? ANNA Well, e-mail is actually a system which is used by computer users so messages can be sent from computer to computer, but a fax actually uses the telephone. RICHARD Right ANNA And a fax machine. RICHARD Right. I see. Right, so it's like two computers talking to one another. ANNA That's right. RICHARD I see. ANNA And a fax isn't computer operated. It's using a fax machine and a phone line. RICHARD Down the phone talking to the fax machine? ANNA Yes. RICHARD Right. And what exactly is the Internet? ANNA Right. Well I suppose, you know, like with the e-mail you've got computer to computer. It's a bit like that. It's a network which allows computer users from anywhere in the world to actually communicate with each other. RICHARD Right. ANNA People usually pay a subscription to a company. RICHARD Yeah ... . ANNA And they go on-line. RICHARD Right. ANNA That's the term. RICHARD So there's ... like ... loads of computers all talking to each other. ANNA That's right, yes. RICHARD Oh right, ANNA It's fascinating, actually. RICHARD And what exactly is satellite TV? ANNA Well, it's a way of broadcasting television using a satellite that's up in space. RICHARD Right. ANNA Rather than using, you know, a transmitter. . RICHARD Like a transmitter on the ground? ANNA Transmitters and aerials here on the ground, it's actually using a satellite up in space to pick up all the airwaves. RICHARD So the signal's sent up to the satellite … . ANNA ... and then sent back down. RICHARD I see. So what is Cable TV, then? ANNA Well, that kind of works, I suppose, in the opposite way. It's a system, again of broadcasting television, but instead of having a .satellite up in the air, you've got cables that run under the ground along maybe phone lines, that kind of thing. It gives viewers ... sort of ... more access to more channels. RICHARD It's a physical connection ... . ANNA That's right, yeah. RICHARD … from wherever they're sending the programme to your television, so it's actually one long cable. ANNA Yes. RICHARD Oh, right. Dialogue 2. ANNA The thing is, Richard, CD-ROMs are actually much better than books. RICHARD Why's that? ANNA Well, you can store so much more information on the disks. I mean, not just stories, but you can have pictures from galleries, you can have portraits from the Louvre in Paris or the National Gallery in London, there's so much... RICHARD I have to disagree. I don't think anything will ever replace the book as a means of storing information in the way that you actually look through a book to find it, and when it comes to art, there's no substitute for the real thing. Nothing will replace a visit to Paris or London to see... ANNA Of course not, but you can have it in your own home, can't you? RICHARD I know, but people are always saying this. Every few years something comes along and everybody says, "Oh, this is the way of the future. This is going to replace..." I mean, a few years ago a friend convinced me that LPs and tapes were out, that CD-ROMs would replace them and that hasn't happened yet. ANNA No. RICHARD You see, there's nothing more convenient than a book, is there? ANNA Well, 1 think you're a bit frightened of change, aren't you? 1 mean ... I expect you've got a fax machine, haven't you, but actually e-mail is far better because it s much faster than a fax machine. And I bet you thought you'd never have anything as advanced as a fax machine, but ... RICHARD No. but yes, I use the fax, but I think E-mail is a rather expensive form of sending letters because you’ve got to pay the subscription to the company and everything, whereas ... . ANNA Yeah ... RICHARD … with a fax you're just paying for a simple phone call. ANNA Yeah, I agree. And a fax is still a good way of sending visual information, such as drawings and diagrams. But, you know, a lot of people like to be … kind of ... contacted by e-mail. RICHARD Really? ANNA Yeah. Oh yeah! RICHARD I can't believe that! ANN It's quite a sociable thing, you know, because you can actually... RICHARD I think it's much better to have a handwritten letter, surely? ANNA Well … RICHARD It sounds horribly cold to me. ANNA Well, no ... not really, because you can be quite sociable, you can ... you know you can chat to people, rather than, you know ... you send something, somebody sends something back, you know, you can do an odd line here, an odd line there. It's good. RICHARD No. I disagree I don't think it's very sociable to be contacted by e-mail and be talking to a computer screen. I mean, it's like talking to a robot. ANNA Well. I think it's good to be connected to e-mail, because it is a very spontaneous way of communicating with people all over the world. RICHARD What about the Internet? 1 mean, you're a huge fan of that, at the moment, aren't you? ANNA Well. I am actually. 1 mean. I don't think it should be government controlled, because then, you know, you lose your freedom of speech, you lose... RICHARD Well ... , ANNA . .your rights, you know... RICHARD I can .see what you're saying, but I do believe there should be some control over the Internet, otherwise it could be used as a way of sending political propaganda, or pornography. There's a huge amount of pornography, and it goes to anyone with a computer. I think that's wrong. ANNA Yeah ... there are a lot of people that are afraid of being censored by the government ... . RICHARD Well, people are being censored right-now ... And … in lots of different ways. Why do we just use the Internet as an argument there? ANNA I see your point, but what about TV then, what are your views on that? Because I think ... you know ... that if you can watch TV stations from anywhere in the world then obviously it's going to help you to find out about other cultures. You know, being connected to cable and satellite and TV isn't as expensive as you might imagine these days. RICHARD No., but if there's a lot of satellite television coming in and it's all in different languages, it's not much use if ... because you won't understand it ANNA Yes, I suppose so. But you can still look at the pictures! |