Английский, Баратова. Unit 1 Mining Education in Russia
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parties I 24. Прочитайте текст Б и найдите • нем предложения, в которых гово-|рвтся о том: 1) что изучает геология; 2) какие основные дисциплины Должны изучать будущие геологи и горные инженеры: ТЕКСТ Б Mining and Geological Higher Education in Russia i In Russia young people get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time students, part-time students and postgraduate students. Russian higher educational establishments offer different specializations for the students. Thus, at the geological institutes, the students specialize in geology, the science which deals with different problems connected with the Earth, its history, the study of rocks, their physical and chemical properties. One of the mai.i tasks of geology is to prospect, discover and study the deposits of useful minerals. Geology is both a theoretical and an applied science. Mining geology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, mining geology includes economic geology. The outstanding Russian geologist V.A. Obruchev says that geology is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology helps prospect for ores, coal, oil, salt and other useful minerals. Higher mining schools (universities, academies, institutes and colleges) develop a wide range of courses and programmes that meet the requirements of the society .They offer courses in mining technology, machinery and transport, hydraulic engineering, electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, surveying, geodesy, information technology, etc. The main trend in the development of higher mining education is the introduction of courses in environmental protection, manage ment (environmental human resources), economics and manage ment of mining enterprises, marketing1 studies, computer-aided design (CAD)2 and others. ' ,. Computer science is also of great importance. The course aims at providing students with understanding how software and hardware technology helps solving problems. Laboratory work is an important part in training specialists. Experiments in laboratories and workshops will help students to develop their practical skills. They have a short period of field work to gain working experience. The students go through practical training at mines, plants and other industrial enterprises.. They become familiar with all stages of production and every job from worker to engineer. Here they get practical knowledge and experience necessary for their diploma .(graduation) papers. A lot of students belong to students' scientific groups. They take part in the research projects which their departments usually conduct. Postgraduates carry out research in different fields of science and engineering. Sport centres give the students opportunities to play different sports such as tennis, football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, ' skiing, water polo, boxing, wrestling and others. ( Students graduate from mining and geological higher schools as mining engineers, mining mechanical engineers, ecologists, mining electrical engineers, geologists, economists and managers for mining industry. ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ Б 1. marketing и — (маркетинг) процесс выявления и удовлетворения спроса на изделия компании 2. computer-aided design (CAD) — автоматизированное проектирование 25. Найдите в тексте т выпишите существительные с суффиксами -1st, -aunt, -алее, -Оон и прилагательные с суффиксами -в/, -ent, -fill, -ic, -able. Существительные Прилагательные -ist -ment -ance -tion -al -ent -ful -ic -able 26. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их: mining engineers higher mining schools ore mining mining technology full-time students hydraulic engineering part-time students electrical engineering postgraduate students industrial electronics theoretical science information technology applied science environmental protection mineral deposits human resources structural geology computer science practical skills hardware/software technology practical training diploma paper УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 27. Ответьте в* следующие вопросы:
28. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочета ний слов. 1. physical and chemical pro- а) широкий круг проблем perties б) денные месторождения по- 2. the deposits of useful лезных ископаемых minerals в) горный инженер-механик
research обеспечение
10. hardware and software и) физические и химические свойства к) месторождение полезных ископаемых 6) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов:
них инженеров г) students' scientific groups 5. высшие горные учебные д) to graduate from the institute заведения е) to get education
щества 8. заниматься различными видами спорта 29. Подберите к существительным из списка А соответствующие прила гательные из списка Б: А. 1. properties Б. a) basic
4.equipment r) prominent (outstanding)
30. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение местои мения bothи союза both... and.
31. Составьте З разделительных вопроса по каждому образцу. Образец 1: These are your new group-mates, aren't they? Образец 2: You have got a lot of books on geology, haven't you? Образец 3: She hasn't got any sisters or brothers, has she? Образец 4: You understand me, don't you? Образец 5: You don't know this man, do you? Образец 6: She likes to play sports, doesn't she? Образец 7: You didn't go to the party yesterday, did you? Образец 8: She told you about a change in our plan, didn't she? 32. Дополните разделительные вопросы по образцу. Образец: Geology is both a theoretical and applied science, isn 't it? You don't take part in this research project, do you? 1 - You aren 't a student, ? - No, I'm a teacher. 2. Many students at your institute play different sports, 9
В 33. Прочитайте текст В без словаря. Кратко суммируйте его содержание. ТЕКСТ В In pre-revolutionary Russia there were several higher mining schools which trained geologists and mining engineers. The oldest Russian school of mining was in St.Petersburg, where some well-known scientists taught: A.P. Karpinsky, B.I. Boky and others. Among the famous scientists who lectured at the Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) Mining Institute was Professor I.K. Sobo-levsky, whose subject was mine surveying and geodesy. The Technological Institute in Tomsk was opened in 1900. It was the oldest industrial and cultural centre of Siberia. The Tomsk Technological Institute had three departments: engineering, chemical and mining. The Don Polytechnic Institute founded in Novocherkassk in 1907 also had a mining department. In 1916 a new Mining Institute in Yekaterinburg came into existence. The total number of students did not exceed two thousand with only 60 to 70 mining engineers who graduated from mining institutes each year. That was far below the number needed. It was quite obvious that the small number of these institutions could not cope with the problem of training specialists in the field of mining and geology. Little wonder that there was a shortage of mining engineers and geologists in the mining regions of pre-revolutionary Russia. After the Revolution the Moscow Mining Academy was the first higher mining educational establishment. In the early thirties the Academy established close contacts with the coal, oil and ore mining industries. The Academy's scientists carried out research in the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, in the Donbas and in other industrial areas. The need for geologists and mining engineers increased so much that the Academy could not cope with the problem of training a large number of specialists for the country. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy were the Moscow Mining Institute, the Oil Institute, the Institute of Geological Prospecting and others. In 1950 a new mining institute appeared in Kemerovo, the centre of the coal and chemical industries in West Siberia. The In-x stitute trained mining engineers for the coal and ore mining industries of the Kuzbas. Later the Kemerovo Mining Institute was transformed into the Polytechnic Institute which is now one of the largest and most important engineering colleges in West Siberia. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
высшие учебные заведения; известные ученые; основы-вать; контингент студентов; справляться с (чём-л.); не удиви-тельно, что; недостаток горных инженеров и геологов; в на-чале 30-х годов; проводить исследования; к тому времени; большое количество? среди новых институтов; появляться; горнорудная промышленность; преобразовывать 38. Дополните следующие вопросы и дайте ответы по тексту. 1. How many in pre-revolutionary Russia? 2. Where the oldest Russian school of mining? 3.What well-known taught at St.Petersburg School of Mining? 4. What subject Professor Sobolevsky ? 5. When a mining institute in Yekaterinburg into existence? 6. a shortage of mining engineers and geologists in pre-revolutionary Russia? 7. What new mining institute in 1950 in Kemerovo? 39. Определите, какой из трех заголовке» лучше всего соответствует содержанию текста В:
40. а) Переведите текст со словарем: In his book "Reminiscences of a Mining Engineer" Academician A.M. Terpigorev writes: "What I want to say to the young people of our country is: 'Love your work, put your heart and soul, all your knowledge and ability into it, and above all, never shirk small jobs, for it is small things that make up a great accomplishment. Be true patriots! 'If you love your people, if you link up your whole life with them and give them all your energy and knowledge, the people will respond with love and recognition. That is the conclusion I have drawn from my own life.' " б) Выразите свое отношение к словам А.М. Терпнгорева.
А ГРАММАТИКА 1. Основные формы глагола Знание основных форм глагола поможет вам лучше ориентироваться в системе времен английского языка, в их понимании и употреблении.
Правильные глаголы
Нешшильные глаголы
2. Времена группы Perfect (Совершенные времена) Времена группы Perfect выражают действие, завершившееся к моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем или предшествующее этому моменту. Глагольные формы времен этой группы состоят из вспомогательного глагола to have в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола:
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