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7 Кожен дуб повинен бути жолудем 8 Книг, як і друзів … 9 Брехунам слід мати добру пам'ять 10 Любов і кашель не можливо приховати 11 Немає потреби тобі говорити, як це важливо зараз 12 Якщо ти продовжуватимеш практикуватися так наполегливо, ти зможеш перевершити мене дуже скоро 1 Вона повинна написати статтю 2 Вона зможе написати цікаву статтю 3 Не може бути що вона написала цю статтю 4 Можливо це вона написала, цю статтю 5 Невже вона написала цю статтю? 6 Буде вирішено, що вона писатиме статтю 7 Ти не повинен їхати поїздом 8 Тобі не слід було їхати поїздом 9 Можна я не поїду поїздом? 10 Можливо, вони поїхали туди поїздом 11 Тобі не слід їхати поїздом 12 Невже ти поїдеш поїздом? 13 Тобі слід поїхати туди… Можливо вони на тебе чекають 14 Ти міг би поїхати туди поїздом, чому ти полетів літаком? 15 Чому ти повинен був поїхати туди? 16 A job interview is your opportunity to present your talents to a prospective employer. During the interview, the employer judges your qualifications, appearance, and general fitness for the job. Equally important, the interview gives you a chance to evaluate the job, the employer, and the company. The interview helps you decide if the job meets your career needs and interests and whether the employer is the kind you want to work for. To present your qualifications most advantageously, you have to prepare for the interview: you should know how to act to make the interview an opportunity to "sell" your skills. Careers officer speaking: – What makes a good interview? First, good preparation before the interview. Three simple guidelines will help you. Guideline number one is – find out as much as possible about the company where you are going for an interview. For example, you can get a lot of useful information from the company's brochures, annual reports, and catalogues. Two, find out if the interview is with one person or with a group of people, and what their jobs are. It's very useful to know something about the interviewers before you meet them. And three, make a checklist of the questions you want to ask at the interview. Remember an interview is two-way process. The company finds out as much as possible about you, and you find as much as possible about the company. So, that's what you need to do before the interview. Now the interview itself. There are seven more guidelines to remember here. Guideline number four: dress smartly. A suit or something formal is best. Five, arrive in good time. Arriving late for the interview is the worst thing you can do. Rule number six: create a good first impression. First impressions are very important. Start the interview with a smile, a firm handshake, and a friendly manner. Guideline number seven: try to stay positive and relaxed during the interview. I know that's difficult. As a rule, people don't feel relaxed, but your body language gives the interviewer a lot of information about you. You want that information to be positive. Number eight: don't give only “Yes” or “No” answers. Talk freely about yourself, give reasons for your opinions, and explain why you're interested in the job. Nine: ask questions. Remember the checklist of questions you prepared before the interview. Show you're interested! Finally, guideline number ten: learn from the interview. Analyze your performance afterwards and think how you can improve the next time! 2. Look through the plan of the job interview. Can you give any other advice to a candidate? Before the interview: Find out all you can about the company. Find out the interviewer’s name and office phone number. Find out where the interview is held. Find out how to get there and how long it will take you to get there. Make sure you know what the job involves. Dress to look clean and neat. During the interview: Arrive early. Call ahead if you’re delayed. Try to smile and show confidence. Ask questions and show interest in the job. Be polite, listen carefully, and speak clearly. “Don’ts”: Don’t panic, even if faced by more than one person. (Breathe deeply and remember all your good points.) Don’t slouch or look bored. (Stand and sit straight, make eye contact.) Don’t smoke or chew gum. Don’t give one-word answer or say you don’t care what you do. 3. Read, translate and role-play the dialogue. Interviewer: Are you working? Mr. Guzman: Yes, I am. Interviewer: Exactly what do you do? Mr. Guzman: I’ma mechanic. I work in a small auto shop with three mechanics and supervise all auto repairs. I diagnose problems, make repairs and also check all the repairs in the shop. I have experience with both American and foreign cars. Interviewer: How long have you been working there? Mr. Guzman: For three years. Interviewer: What other jobs have you had? And what did you do? Mr. Guzman: I was a maintenance mechanic in a plastics factory. I repaired the production machinery. I also did all the general maintenance work and made all electrical repairs. Interviewer: How long were you there? Mr. Guzman: For about three years. Interviewer: Tell me about your education and any special training you've had. Mr. Guzman: I graduated from high school in Colombia in 1980. After high school I went to a university for one year and studied engineering. Now I'm studying English at Ale Community College. Interviewer: What other skills do you have? Mr. Guzman: I can do general bookkeeping and billing. Interviewer: Why do you want to change your job? Mr. Guzman: The auto shop I work in is very small. There is little room for advancement. Interviewer: What hours can you work? Mr. Guzman: I prefer to work days, but I could work any hours. 4. Answer the questions. What is your future profession? / What is your profession /occupation? Had you a dilemma in choosing your profession /occupation? What subjects have you always given your preference to? Did your parents (friends) impose their views, likes and dislikes on you? When did you make a choice to become an English teacher (a lawyer, an economist, an accountant, a doctor, a designer, etc.)? What do you have to do to master English? 7. What is your regular business? Have you got a big personnel /staff? How do you (your parents) earn your (their) living? What special education does your (future) profession require? Name some other occupations in which special education or training is required. How many hours a day do you (your parents) work? Are you satisfied with your salary? What are the merits and demerits of your (your parents') job? Give your reasons. What is the noblest and most difficult of professions? 5. Read this text and choose one of these titles for it. A) When in Rome… D) Problems That Business People Face B) Travelling Abroad E) Good Manners, Good Business C) Doing Business in Europe F) I Didn’t Mean to Be Rude! „Business Etiquette” Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes ever more international it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that they behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark. In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a manager shakes hands with everyone present. But Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstration. In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place: after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence, you have to talk about something - something, that is, other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head. In Germany, as you walk sadly back to your hotel room, you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited youout for the evening. Don't worry, it is probably nothing personal. Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts. The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider, it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names, this can be a little strange. To the Germans titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It's equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess. In Italy the question of a title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Dottore – and engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles. Italians give similar importance to the whole process of business entertaining. In fact, in Italy the biggest fear, as course after course appears, is that you entirely forget you are there on business. If you have the energy, you can always do the polite thing when the meal finally ends and offer to pay. Then after a lively discussion you must remember the next polite things to do – let your host pick up the bill. These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties – disaster may be only a syllable away. But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with, the less likely you are to get into difficulties. It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product of the price, but the fact that you offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over on aperitif. Good manners are admired: they can also make or break the deal. 1. Decide if these statement are true « - » or false « + », according to the writer: In France you are expected to shake hands with everyone you meet. People in Britain shake hands just as much as people in Germany. In France people prefer talking about business during meals. It is not polite to insist on paying for a meal if you are in Italy. Visitors to Germany never get taken out for meals. German business people don't like to be called by their surnames. Make sure you know what the titles of the German people you meet are. Italian professionals are usually addressed by their titles. A humorous remark always goes down well all over the world. Good manners can make the deal. 2. Discuss these questions: Which of the ideas in the article do you disagree with? What would you tell a foreign visitor about «good manners» in Ukraine? How much do you think international business is improved by knowing about foreign people's customs? 3. Read the following point of view, agree or disagree with it, add more comments while expressing your own opinion on the topic. Cultural differences influence business strategies and operations. Understanding them is difficult to overestimate. Many of these cultures are complex and different from ours. To be successful in international business means to be good citizens of international community. We should learn to honour and respect our own cultures and to develop tolerance and respect for other cultures. No one can learn all there is to know about a foreign culture. But to show an interest means to create a climate of understanding and respect. The mere willingness to accept differences is of great importance. 4. Read, translate and comment on each of five items. Cultural differences. Body language Standing with your hands on your hips is a gesture of defiance in Indonesia. Carrying on a conversation with your hands in your pockets makes a poor impression in France, Belgium, Finland and Sweden. When you shake your head from side to side, that means «yes» in Bulgaria and Sri Lanka. Crossing your legs to expose the sole of your shoe is really taboo in Muslim countries. In fact, to call a person a «shoe» is a deep insult. Physical Contact Putting a child on the head is a grave offence in Thailand or Singapore, since the head is revered as the location of the soul. In the Oriental culture, touching another person is considered an invasion of privacy, while in Southern European and Arabic countries it is a sign of warmth and friendship. Promptness Be on time when invited for dinner in Denmark or in China. In Latin countries your host a business associate would be surprised if you arrived at the appointed hour. Eating and Cooking It is rude to leave anything on your plate when eating in Norway, Malaysia, or Singapore. In Egypt, it is rude not to leave something. In Germany and Great Britain, margarine and butter are used. In Italy and Spain, cooking is done with oil. Other Social Customs In Spain, there is a very negative attitude toward life insurance. By receiving insurance benefits, a wife feels that she is profiting from her husband's death. In Western European countries, many consumers are still reluctant to buy anything (other than a house) on credit. Even for an automobile, they will pay cash having saved for some time. An Illustrative Example Tone of Voice is no less important. A person lowers voice asking for a favor or showing a positive attitude to business, to partners. Eye Contact. In China keeping an extended eye contact while doing business can give a wrong expression. Try to avoid it. In China there is a belief that avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect. Status. A person's position or statuses are more important in Asia, especially in China than in America. In China or Japan when business persons meet the first thing they do is a business cards exchange. It allows knowing the rank, post or status of each other and establishing the proper relationship in China and the USA. Discuss these points: What nationality do you think is easier to communicate with? Say, if it is easier for you to communicate with British people than with French people. Explain why. How can we avoid making culturally related business blunders? Give some examples of cultural differences between the two cultures you are familiar with. How could these differences lead to problems in business relationship? Ділова телефонна розмова. 1. Readanddiscussthetext, using the topical words Topical words to dial набирати номер to ring/ to call smb up дзвонити по телефону long distance/ international call міжнародна розмова to call back передзвонювати schedule розклад May/ Can I speak to… Можна мені поговорити з … Any message? Щось передати? The line is busy / engaged Лінія зайнята Don’t hang up. Hold on. Не кладіть трубку You are wanted on the phone Вас до телефону You have the wrong number Ви помилились номером Can you put me through? Чи можете ви мене з’єднати? |