Exercise 2
To repair a flat is an endless process. Many things change. Describe the changes that happen when we repair the flat, using the Present Simple Passive
Example: The windows are painted and cleaned.
The roof _______ (to repair).
The carpet ______ (to wash) in the laundry.
The walls ______(to decorate) with wall–paper.
The bathroom _______ (to lay) with tile.
The dust ______ (to beat) out of the carpet.
The ceiling ______ (to whitewash).
The new curtains ______ (to buy).
All the old things _____ (to throw) away.
The parquet _______ (to lacquer).
Exercise 3
Open the brackets and put the words into the Future Simple Passive
Example: Some money will be given (to give) to you to buy the products.
Many tasty things ________ (to make) by Mother for our party.
The pupils ______ (to give) out prizes by the headmaster.
I _______ (to ask) a lot of questions during the interview.
A surprise party ________ (to arrange) for Jane next week.
Exercise 4
Using the verbs in the box fill in the gaps. Put the verbs into the Past Simple Passive
invent, plant, kill, write, build, name, discover, design, paint, break
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Five fruit–trees ________ in our garden last year.
The picture Mona Lisa _________ by Leonardo da Vinci.
Marat ______ in his bath.
Radio ______ by Popov.
The first Pyramid of Egypt ________ around 3000 BC.
The winter Palace _______ by Rastrelli.
“War and Peace” ________ by Tolstoy.
Rossi street _______ after a famous Russian architect.
My car ______ in an accident last night.
When ____ America ________?
Exercise 5
Ann and Tom bought a car 10 years ago. The car has been repaired several times since then. Describe the changes that have been made, using the Present Perfect Passive
Example: The oil ______(to change). The oil has been changed.
The radiator _____(to fill) with water six times.
It ______(to take) for a test drive once.
Broken parts ______(to repair) two times.
The battery ______(to check).
The filters ______(to replace) three times.
Air _____ (to put) in the tyres twice.
The brakers _____ (to test).
The car ______ (to paint) after the accident.
The lights _____ (to change).
Exercise 6
Make up Yes/No questions using the words given
Example: India, rice, is, grown, in. Is rice grown in India?
Into, languages, many, this book, translated, has, been.
A, is, being, built, new church, in, Moscow.
The planet, is , known, Mars, as, “the red planet”.
Ground, the, covered, is, snow, with.
Your, is, being, wedding dress, made, your mother, by.
At the moment, being, taught, he, to drive, a car, is.
The, has, canceled, been, meeting.
All, have, sold, the tickets, been.
The, is, cut, grass, every week.
Exercise 7
Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Past Perfect Passive
The alarm system had been broken before the thieves climbed through a window.
After the stolen motorbike _______ (to find) the police called the owner.
Smoke rising from the mouth of the volcano _______ (to see) by the tourists two days before the eruption.
The dinner ___already ____ (to eat) by the time I came home.
All the work _______ (to do) by the moment the mother came home from work.
Exercise 8
Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Future Perfect Passive
Example: A new park will have been laid out by summer.
All her affairs _________ (to settle) before she gets married.
All the stolen goods _________ (to find) by September.
By the end of the year a new bridge __________ (to build).
I ___________ (to examine) by the doctor by this time tomorrow.
Exercise 9
Insert by or with into the gaps
Most children are strongly influenced ____ their parents.
The jam sandwiches were made _____ white bread.
My camera was loaded _____ a black and white film.
The supermarket trolley was filled _____ cat food.
My hair was cut _____ a top stylist.
The song was performed ______ Madonna.
This book was written _____ my favorite author.
Claire was shouted at ______ her teacher.
The cake was decorated _____ icing.
The tiger was shoot _____ a gun.
Exercise 10
Choose the right variant
The children taught/ were taught Italian.
This problem will discuss/will be discussed at the conference.
The president interviewed/was interviewed on French TV.
Teachers have given/ have been given a new pay rise by the government.
Walt Disney created/was created the cartoon character of Mickey Mouse.
The firm has been making/has been made dresses for twenty years.
He treats/is treated the girl very badly.
He said that he had taken/had been taken his watch to a watchmaker’s.
Many new houses have been built/have built this year.
The door closed/was closed.
Reading
Task 1
Read the text and do the tasks after it
Higher education in Great Britain
The percentage of young people entering universities in Britain is lower than in the United States, where more than half attend. In Britain the proportion was one in three in 1996.
Nowadays the higher education in UK is not free. For a resident of the country the fee for a year of study is 2000 pounds, while for a foreign student this fee is much higher. A foreign student has to pay 16 thousand pounds a year.
So, after finishing secondary school you can apply to a university. At the age of 16 students are tested in various subjects to earn a General Certificate of Secondary Education. If they wish to go on to higher education at a university, they take Advanced Level examinations, commonly known as “A” Levels. Good A-level results in at least 2 subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews.
British universities are comparatively small, the approximate number of students studying there is about 7–8 thousand students. A university usually consists of colleges. The departments of the colleges are organized into faculties. The academic year in Britain’s universities is divided into 3 terms. In the university students have a series of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes. Lectures are given to large groups of students while seminars are much smaller than lectures. Lectures and seminars are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last 2 or 3 hours. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may continue to take Master’s Degree (I year of study) and then a Doctor’s Degree (from 2 to 5 years). It goes without saying that research is an important feature of university work.
Britain has more than 90 universities. The oldest and best–known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Birmingham. English universities differ from each other in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, way of student life.
The foremost universities are the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, both founded in the Middle Ages. Another type of university is the so-called redbrick variety – old and solid schools built in the 19th century when bricks were the standard building material. The large number of ultramodern universities that appeared in the last half of the 20th century are often called cement block and plate glass universities.
Students interested in advanced education can also attend polytechnics, which are schools dedicated to the sciences and applied technology. They offer the so-called sandwich courses (for people who work). An education act in 1992 changed the status of these colleges to universities.
Higher education can also be obtained through the Open University, founded in 1969, which offers extension courses taught through correspondence, television and radio programs, and videocassettes. It also sponsors local study centers and residential summer schools. The purpose of the Open University is to reach people who may not ordinarily be qualified for university study.
Did you know that
The University education in Britain was only for men until 1871, when the first women’s college was opened. Now almost all colleges are mixed.
Task 2
Give the main idea of the text in one sentence
The main idea of the text is …..
The text is about …….
Task 3
Answer the questions to the text
Is the education in the UK free?
Why do you think a foreign student has to pay much more money than a resident of the country?
What is the procedure of entering the university in the UK?
What is the approximate number of students studying in the UK colleges? Is it more or less in comparison with Russian higher institutions?
What types of classes do the British students have?
How many years should an English student study to get a Master’s Degree?
What are the three types of universities in terms of date of foundation?
How do the methods of instruction in the Open University differ from the methods of instruction in a traditional university?
What information in the text was new personally for you?
Vocabulary practice
Exercise 1. Match the English phrases with their translation.
summer school
to be dedicated to
to be founded in
applied technologies
extension course
to apply to
to attend
academic year
to give a lecture
10. approximate
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приблизительный
учебный год
читать лекцию
посещать
обращаться с заявлением о приеме
летняя школа
быть посвященным чему–либо
прикладные разработки
курс повышения квалификации
быть основанным
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Exercise 2
Fill in the correct word from the list below: approximate, a university, to give, summer, life, instruction, course, student, academic, applied.
a sandwich _____
an ________ year
methods of ______
______ technology
______ a lecture
student _____
to attend _____
a foreign _____
______ number
______ school
Exercise 3
Insert the right prepositions. Consult the text
to apply ___ a university
to be dedicated ___
the lecture is one hour ___ length
to be tested ___
to consist ___ colleges
to get a place ___ a university
to leave the university ___ a degree
Exercise 4
Give the English equivalents to the following Russian phrases
выпускник школы
традиция получения высшего образования
привилегия аристократии
плата за год обучения
аттестат о среднем образовании
консультации и лабораторные работы
без сомнения
отличаться друг от друга
степень бакалавра в области медицины
методы обучения
Exercise 5
Try to complete the gaps using the factual information from the text
Higher education in Great Britain has a long history. First institutions of higher education appeared in _____. The most famous of them are ______ and ______ to which the term Oxbridge refer. For many centuries the tradition of getting higher education was the _____ of the ________.
Even nowadays higher education in Great Britain costs money, which means that it is not ____. To enter the university good ____ results in at least ___ ______ are necessary. Universities choose their students only after _______.
Speaking
Exercise 6
Tell about the system of Higher education of the UK to your friend who doesn’t know anything about it. You may use the answers to the following questions as a plan
What are the requirements to the applicant who wants to enter the university?
Is the higher education free in Great Britain?
Is the fee higher for a foreign student than for a resident of the country?
How many terms are there in an academic year in the UK?
What types of classes do the English students have?
What degrees are awarded in universities?
What kind of education do the polytechnics offer?
What is a sandwich course?
What is the purpose of the Open University?
Discussion
Introduction
Most English Universities have picturesque campuses with beautiful gardens decorated with modern sculptures, exotic trees, flowers and ducks swimming in ponds. Some universities have even special staff to take care about the gardens. But university campus doesn’t only comprise miles of well–organized nature but all the necessary facilities for the successful students’ study as well. Besides you should keep in mind that English universities compete for the students and they have to suggest the best conditions of study and high quality of education for the lowest cost.
Task 1
Student A.
You are a school leaver. Next year you want to enter a university. You want to leave your home and live in a university campus to have a new experience. You have heard from your friend that Exeter University is one of the beautiful and interesting places to get a degree. But you need some additional information about the university facilities and conditions of study. Your task is to ask all the necessary questions to make a decision on whether you will choose this university as a place to get a higher education or not.
Try not to forget to ask about:
Terms of admission
Fees
Methods of instruction
Libraries (information resources)
Accommodation
Student B.
You are the Academic Officer of the university. You know the answers to all the questions about the university and students’ life. Your task is to provide information to the applicants and to make the university attractive for the applicant. Use the information given.
Terms of admission (General Certificate of Secondary Education + A–level results in at least two subjects + interview)
Fee (5,000 pounds for a resident, 15,000 pounds for a foreign student)
Methods of instruction (personal tutor, individual support and advice, choice of courses, a possibility to study for a year in Europe, lectures, tutorials, e-learning, Internet–based materials, interactive on-line Learning Environment which delivers 120 courses)
Libraries (1,100,000 volumes, over 3,500 periodical subscriptions to journals, on–line access to 7,000 journals, PC clusters available 24hours 7 days a week for Internet access and word-processing)
Accommodation (4000 thousand places, singles furnished with a bed, wardrobe, bookshelves, desk and chair. All rooms have a phone and high-speed network/internet link. The kitchens are modern and well-equipped).
Task 2
Students’ life differs a lot from that you had at school. Some young people say they have become more serious and responsible for their study. What has changed in your character since you entered the university? Have you become more serious, more responsible, more independent or vice versa?
Model: I think I have become more independent from the opinions of my parents. At the university a student has more freedom and he has to take a lot of decisions. I like to take decisions myself.
Communication
Congratulating – Consoling
Task 1
Read the dialogues and underline the phrases used for congratulating and consoling. What is the situation in each dialogue?
A: What’s the matter, Tom? You look a bit upset.
B: Yeah, I am upset, actually. I just got a ‘C’ in my Physics exam.
A: Never mind. It’s not as bad as you think. It’s still a passing grade.
B: I suppose.
A: Georgia? Are you free after class?
B: Yes, lam. Why?
A: Well, I got my driving license yesterday, and I thought we could go out for a bite to eat.
B: Oh my goodness! Congratulations! I’m so happy for you!
Task 2
Use the language in the box to act out similar dialogues for the situations
1. A friend has passed her exams.
2.Your brother has crashed his car.
3. Your sister got accepted to study medicine abroad.
4. A friend has lost his job.
5. Your classmate entered the university.
6. Your girl friend got the leading role in a film.
7. Your mother has won the lottery!
8. Your farther has broken his leg.
9. A friend has failed his exam in maths twice.
Congratulating
Поздравления
Congratulations!
Поздравляю!
Well done!
Молодец, браво!
Brilliant! / Excellent!
Здорово!
I’m (really) happy for you!
Я рад за тебя!
Good for you!
Молодец!
That’s great/fantastic news!
Это великолепная, прекрасная новость!
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Слова утешения
That’s too bad/a pity/a shame.
Как жаль!
Don’t let it get you down.
Не расстраивайся из-за этого!
Never mind.
Полно, не обращай внимания!
Don’t worry.
Не волнуйся!
You’ll be fine/OK/alright.
Все будет хорошо.
I’m so sorry.
Мне очень жаль.
It’s not as bad as it seems.
Все не так плохо как кажется.
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Homework
Task 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate Passive tense form
Students (to be required) to complete 12 years of secondary education before entering the university.
The oldest university in Russia, Moscow State University (to be founded) in 1755.
All the exams (to be taken) in July and January.
The course of study (to be completed) if a student gets a certain number of credits for it.
The tuition for study (to be paid) once a year in Russian universities.
The thesis (to be written) already.
Do you know how many students (to be admitted) to the South Ural State University last year?
An Associate degree (to be given) by community colleges.
The most successful students (to be given) grants by the university or local authorities.
The essay on history (to be written) yet?
Task 2
Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive
Example: I finished school 8 years ago. The school was finished 8 years ago.
I advanced my career after getting the Master’s degree.
My sister teaches students at the university.
I have already done my homework.
Scientists proved this theorem 20 years ago.
When will you defend your graduation project?
We carried out many experiments in the laboratory.
I took all the necessary textbooks in the library.
We will perform this work on the computer next week.
I write letters to my pen-friend every week.
Exercise 3
Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary of the lesson
Высшее образование в Великобритании платное.
Абитуриентов принимают в университеты по результатам экзаменов и
тестирования.
Оксфорд был основан в 12 веке нашей эры.
Открытый университет Великобритании предлагает курсы повышения
квалификации.
Без сомнения, методы обучения имеют большое значение в образовательном процессе.
Я никогда не был в Англии.
Игорь уже окончил курсы в летней школе.
Ольга получила степень бакалавра и учится сейчас в школе Экономики на
получение степени магистра.
Когда ты сдал последний экзамен? – 25 января.
Это очень интересная книга. Почитай ее. – Я уже прочел ее. Она мне не
понравилась.
Exercise 4
Open the brackets using one of the Perfect Tenses or the Past Simple Tense
Last year I (to finish) secondary school and (to enter) the South Ural State University.
(to see) our new lecturer? – Yes, I have.
When (to pass) your entrance exams? – This July and today is the 1st of August.
How many times you (to give) lectures this week?
I (to earn) my General Certificate of Secondary Education by the moment I applied to the university.
My brother (to get) a Bachelor’s Degree by 2005.
You (to prepare) for laboratory classes yet?
You ever (to be) to the United Kingdom?
You (to choose) your major yet?
– I (to loose) my textbook. – When you (to see) it last?
Exercise 5
Express your opinion (agreement, disagreement) in a written form about the following statements. Try to prove your point of view by giving arguments
Statement: To be a highly qualified specialist you should study all your life.
I agree completely with the statement. I think that knowledge got at the university quickly become obsolete and you should update your knowledge to be in the know of the latest achievements in science and technology.
It’s no use working hard if you have no inborn abilities.
It’s more prestigious nowadays to get higher education abroad.
Higher education shouldn’t be free.
Absent-minded people can’t be successful in research.
Tutorials and individual work with a tutor is more useful than practical classes in fixed groups.
Smile with us
William Lyon Phelps, on a pre-Christmas examination paper, found written, “God only knows the answer to this question. Merry Christmas.”
He returned the paper with the notation, “God gets an A; you get an F. Happy New Year.”
Lesson 4. Higher Education in the USA
Task 1. Brainstorming activity
Discuss the following question and give all the possible answers to it
What are the advantages and disadvantages of democracy in universities?
Is it good for a student or professor to be free in his choice of what subjects to study and what themes to teach?
Active Vocabulary
Task 1
Listen and pronounce the active vocabulary of the lesson after the teacher
prior to – раньше, прежде
an undergraduate school – факультет с базовым циклом обучения
graduate school – факультет со специализированным курсом
обучения
an Associate degree – начальное высшее образование
community college – местный колледж
junior college – колледж начального высшего образования
to be operated by – управляться
public funds – государственные средства
to transfer to – переводиться в
to lower the cost – понизить стоимость
full-time coursework – дневной курс обучения
to select a major – выбрать специализацию
to graduate with a degree in major – закончить курс обучения в
университете с получением диплома
(бакалавра или магистра)
to complete a course – пройти курс обучения
related fields – смежные области
to major in maths – специализироваться в математике
in order to – для того, чтобы
in addition to – в добавок
to be insufficient – быть недостаточным
to advance one’s career – продвигаться по карьерной лестнице
to depend on – зависеть от
educational background – полученное образование
thesis – диссертация
research paper – научная работа
requirement – требование
completion – завершение
dedication – увлеченность работой
Lead-in
Task 1
Using your background knowledge about the system of higher education in the USA agree or disagree with the following statements
The system of Higher Education in the USA does not differ from the Russian one.
Higher education in the USA is free.
American colleges are not certified to give universities degrees (for example a Bachelor’s degree).
All universities in the USA are private.
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