1 Основные правила употребления артиклей. 1 Употребление артиклей с именами нарицательными. Неопределенный артикль

Название	1 Основные правила употребления артиклей. 1 Употребление артиклей с именами нарицательными. Неопределенный артикль
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Упр.5.7.1. Прочитайте следующие предложения и решите, является подчеркнутый глагол переходным или непереходным.

The rule doesn’t apply.
His dream came true.
The temperature was slowly rising during the experiment.
The government raised taxes on imported goods.
He succeeded in solving the problem.
We all breathe, eat and drink.
The conference opens at 9 a.m. on Monday.
The computer weighs some 1.5 kg.
It costs 1.3 thousand dollars.
The Australians don’t like cold weather.
Babysitters look after children.
In the course of Soviet period people never really elected their authorities.
She made herself a cup of tea.
The teacher makes students prepare for every lesson.
The student put down an unknown word in his dictionary.
Our state will hardly pay off all its debts soon.
Look at the timetable to know when the train arrives at the station.

Упр.5.7.2. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они содержали сказуемое в страдательном залоге, опустив подлежащие.
1) You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.

2) Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.

3) We use this room only on special occasions.

4) You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.

5) Someone switched on a light and opened the door.

6) Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.

7) Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?

8) Someone will serve refreshments.

9) Someone has already told him to report for duty at six.

10) No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.

11) People are spending far more money on food now that they spent ten years ago.

12) The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.

13) It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child.

14) They are pulling down the old theatre.
Упр.5.7.3. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они содержали сказуемое в страдательном залоге, упоминая исполнителя, где необходимо. Если в исходном предложении есть прямое или косвенное дополнение, сделайте косвенное дополнение подлежащим в новом предложении.

Пример: They gave her a clock. She was given a clock.

Обратите внимание на предложения 12, 15, где переход от актива к пассиву осуществляется с помощью вспомогательного глагола should.

1) Who wrote it?

2) Compare clothes which we have washed with clothes which any other laundry has washed.

3) He expected us to offer him the job.

4) They showed her the easiest way to do it.

5) Lightning struck the old oak.

6) Titian couldn't have painted it as people didn't wear that style of dress till after his death.

7) Did the idea interest you?

8) The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will.

9) They used to start these engines by hand. Now they start them by electricity.

10) Students are doing a lot of the work.

11) The Prime Minister was to have opened the dry dock.

12) They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area. (should)

13) Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions.

14) We will not admit children under sixteen.

15) They suggested making the tests easier. (should)
**Упр.5.7.4. Страдательный залог часто используется, когда в центре внимания находится лицо или предмет, который подвергается действию, при описании процессов или когда не важен исполнитель. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они содержали сказуемое в страдательном залоге, и подумайте, какой залог уместнее использовать в каждом случае и почему.

Dr Brown widely used statistical methods in his field.
I am going to submit a paper to the program committee.
Landau introduced the conception of energy density matrix in 1927.
We have processed the data obtained with the help of a computer.
This procedure reduces the energy losses.
Visualisation specialists often use conceptual illustration and data-driven visualizations interchangeably.
They projected graphics in stereo onto three walls and the floor.
They are displaying both input circuit parameter values and output signal in the same space.
A biologist can link sells together into networks, and even systems of networks, to explore how the brain's circuits work.
People have used numbers for record-keeping and commercial transactions for centuries.
They maintained these conditions throughout the experiment.
No one can do anything unless someone can give us more information.
Everyone may use this program both to explore precomputed datasets and to interactively steer supercomputer simulations.
Participants wear stereo glasses to view the images in 3D.
In a recent article in Science, authors have discussed the difficulty of evaluating numerical simulations.
A group of researchers has created these models recently using General Neural Simulation System, a versatile software package developed a decade ago.
Nobody can do science without computers.

**Упр.5.7.5. Переделайте предложения так, чтобы они содержали сказуемое в страдательном залоге, начав предложения с указанных слов.

You have sent us the wrong items again. (The wrong ….. )
You should have delivered this consignment last week. (This consignment …)
Someone broke two of the VDUs during transportation. ( Two ….. )
You should have sent the documents by registered post. (The documents ….. )
A faulty connection could have caused the problems with the hard disk. (The problems ….. )
You omitted the manuals from the order. (The manuals ….. )
You delivered the printers over three weeks late. (The printers ….. )
We will not pay the invoice until this problem is rectified. (The invoice ….. )

Упр.5.7.6. Переделайте предложения в действительный залог. Если исполнитель не указан: "This door must be kept shut” (школьное объявление) - введите его : "Students must keep this door shut”.
1) Why don't you have your eyes tested?

2) This speed limit is to be introduced gradually.

3) The runways are being lengthened at all the main airports.

4) By tradition any sturgeon that are caught by British ships must be offered to the Queen.

5) Have a lift put in and then you won't have to climb up all these stairs.

6) Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but this was cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds which was made in the second six months.

7) The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land.

8) He was made to surrender his passport.

9) This scientific theory has now been proved to be false.

10) Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage?

11) It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads.

12) Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
Упр.5.7.7. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму в газетных сообщениях:

Castle fire

Winton Castle (a) _________ (damage) in a fire last night. The fire, which (b)__________ (discover) at about 9 o'clock, spread very quickly. Nobody (c)____________ (injure) but two people had to (d) _____________ (rescue) from an upstairs room. A number of paintings (e)_____________ (believe/ destroy).
It (f) _____________ (not/know) how the fire started.

Shop robbery

In Paxham yesterday a shop assistant (a)_______________ (force) to hand over $500 after (b) ______________ (threaten) by a man with a knife. The man escaped in a car which (c)_____________ (steal) earlier in the day. The car (d) ____________ (later/find) in a car park where it (e) ____________ (abandon) by the thief. A man (f)_____________ (arrest) in connection with the robbery and (g)_____________ (still/question) by the police.

Road delays

Repair work started yesterday on the Paxham-Longworth road. The road (a) ________ (resurface) and there will be long delays. Drivers (b)_________ (ask) to use an alternative route if possible. The work (c)_________ (expect) to last two weeks. Next Sunday the road (d)________ (close) and traffic (e)__________ (divert).

Accident

A woman (a)_____________ (take) to hospital after her car collided with a lorry near Norstock yesterday. She (b)______________ (allow) home later after treatment. The road (c)_____________ (block) for an hour after the accident and traffic had to (d)______________ (divert). A police inspector said afterwards: The woman was lucky. She could (e)_______________ (kill).
Упр.5.7.8. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильном времени и залоге.
Пример: My car was stolen (steal) last night.

Joseph Ford, the politician who (a) __________ (kidnap) last week as he was driving to his office, (b) __________(release) unharmed. He (c) _______ (examine) by a doctor last night, and (d) _____(say) to be in good health. Mr Ford (e) _____ (find) walking along a small country lane early yesterday evening. A farmer (f) _______ (see) him, recognized who it was, and (g) __________ (contact) the police. When his wife (h) __________ (tell) the news, she said, "I am delighted and relieved that my husband (i) ________ (find)." Acting on information received, the police made several arrests, and a man (j) ________ (question) in connection with the kidnapping.
Упр.5.7.9. Превратите предложения в пассивные.

Someone will give you your tickets at the airport.
People asked me a lot of questions about my background.
Someone usually shows airline passengers how to use a life jacket at the beginning of the flight.
If somebody offers you a cheap camera, don't buy it. It's probably stolen.
Someone will tell you what you have to do when you arrive.
My parents advised me to spend some time abroad before looking for work.
Pleased to meet you. People have told me a lot about you.
In a few years' time, my company will send me to our New York office.

*Упр.5.7.10. В следующих предложениях некоторые глаголы (но не все) употреблены в действительном залоге, хотя страдательный залог был бы более уместен и наоборот. Измените те предложения, которые по Вашему мнению нуждаются в исправлении, имея в виду, что пассивные конструкции также используется, если хотят сделать утверждение безличным, чтобы, например, избежать ответственности за сообщение неприятного известия. Сравните два следующих утверждения, которые может сделать компания.
Пример: We have awarded our staff a twenty per cent pay rise.

Unfortunately, the number of staff will be reduced by fifty per cent.

Someone built this bridge in 1901.
No one has seen the escaped prisoner since a guard was knocked out by him and he ran away.
A secretary has invited me to Buckingham Palace to collect an award!
Someone wants you in reception.
The telephone, which was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, revolutionized man's ability to communicate.
The closure of the workshops will make a lot of men redundant.
At interviews, people ask you quite searching questions.
Alexander Graham Bell was a scientist and inventor. The telephone was invented by him in 1876, and he also worked on early radio transmitters.
Scientists working in California have discovered a drug which stops premature aging. They will now manufacture the drug commercially, and it should be available soon.
Nobody must take reference books out of the library.
The Health Service has prospered under this government. It is true that we have closed hospitals and spent less money, but the system is now streamlined.
A tiger was found roaming in a suburban garden today. Mrs Ethel Templeton found the tiger while she was hanging out her washing.
We broke a few cups while you were away. Sorry. They'll be replaced. Apart from that, we didn't do much damage at all.
I'm a fantastically successful author. I have sold over one million copies of my books.

o. Doctors have given him six months to live.
5.8. Present Perfect Simple и Present Perfect Continuous.
При употреблении этих времен следует помнить, что Present Perfect Continuous подчеркивает длительность действия, в то время как Present Perfect Simple подчеркивает факт совершения действия.
Упр.5.8.1. Выберите правильную глагольную форму в каждой паре предложений.

I've cut my finger! I've been cutting my finger!
Have you heard Paul Simon's latest record? Have you been hearing Paul Simon's latest record?
She's tired because she's shopped all day. She's tired because she's been shopping all day.
Sorry. I've broken one of your glasses. Sorry. I've been breaking one of your glasses.
How long have you had this book? How long have you been having this book?
They have lived here for three years. They've been living here for three years.

Упр.5.8.2. Соедините строчки из столбца А с соответствуюшей строчкой из столбца В.

A	B
Ann's been sunbathing.	She's furious.
She's been shopping.	She's got paint in her hair
She's been working in the garden.	She's crying.
She's been reading for hours.	Her back hurts.
She's been watching a sad film.	She hasn't got any money left.
She's been waiting for hours.	She's a bit burnt.
She's been doing the housework.	She's soaking wet.
She's been decorating the bathroom.	The house smells of onions and garlic.
She's been cooking.	Her eyes hurt.
She's been bathing the children.	Everything's spotless.

Упр.5.8.3. Употребите глагол в скобках в правильном времени (Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuons.)

I'm exhausted. I ________ (work) all day, and I ______ (not finish) yet.
I __________ (visit) many countries in the last five years.
Someone ___________ (take) my books. I ___________ (look) for them for ages, but I can't find them anywhere.
I ______________ (shop) all morning, but I ____________ (not buy) anything yet. I haven't seen anything I've liked.
The best book I _______________ ever ________________ (read) is One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Marquez.
A You're filthy! What _____________ you ____________ (do)?

B I ____ (work) in the garden. I ___ (plant) all the vegetables for next year.

g. I _______ (wait) for two hours, but nobody _________ (arrive) yet.
Упр.5.8.4. Задайте вопрос с How long...? для следующих предложений и решите, какое время нужно использовать, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous. Если оба времени возможны, используйте Continuous.

I live in the country. How long ______________________ ?
I play a lot of tennis. How long ______________________ ?
I know Jack well. How long ______________________ ?
I work in Italy. How long ______________________ ?
I have an American car. How long ______________________ ?

Упр.5.8.5. Для каждого из пяти предложений из предыдущего задания задайте вопрос в Past Simple , используя подсказки.

When __________________ move __________________?
How old ___________ when __________ started _________ ?
Where __________________ meet __________________?
Why ___________________ decide ____________________?
How much _____________ pay _________________?

Упр.5.8.6. Поставьте глагол в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Countinuous, Present Perfect Simple или Present Perfect Continuous.
Пример: I have been learning (learn) Italian for the past three years, but there's still a lot I don't understand (not understand).
a. A Oh dear! Look out of the window. It __________________ (rain).

B Oh no. I _______________ (not bring) my umbrella.

My uncle _______________ (know) everything about roses. He ____________ (grow) them for 35 years. Now he ______________ (try) to produce a blue one.
I _______________ (listen) to you for the past half an hour, but I'm afraid I _______________ (not understand) a word.
A What's the matter, Jane?

B I _________________ (read) in my room and the light isn't very good. I ________________ (have) a headache. It's really hurting.

e. A What are you doing?

B I ________________ (write) a letter.

f. A You _______________ (sit) at the desk for hours. Is it a difficult letter?

B Yes. I ________________ (decide) to resign from my job.

g. A But how do you know you don't like it? You ________ only ______ (do) it for a week.

B I do like it. But I _____________ (offer-passive) a better one, and I'm going to accept it. It's in Brazil, and _________ always ___________ (want) to go to Brazil. I ___________ (not like) living in cold climates.

h. A But how ___________ you _________ (know) if you'll like it there? You _____________ never (be) out of England before.

B That doesn't matter. Some friends of mine _____________ (live) there at the moment. They'll look after me.

i. A You're very lucky, really. I _______________ (try) to find a job for months. I ___________ (be) to endless interviews, and I ____________ (turn down- passive) each time, but you got two jobs in a week.

B Well, obviously you ______________ (apply) for the wrong kinds of job. Don't worry. You'll find one soon.

j. I ______________(hope) so.
5.9. Past Simple и Past Perfect.

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом:

We carefully examined the samples which they had sent us.

Сравните, как меняется смысл предложения при описании с использованием этих времен последовательности событий в прошлом:

When we arrived at the stadium, the match started. (Мы успели во время и ничего не пропустили.)

When we arrived at the stadium, the match had started. (На самое начало матча мы опоздали.)
Упр.5.9.1. В каждом предложении поставьте глаголы в скобках : один - в Past Simple, другой - в Past Perfect.
Пример: He died (die) after he had been (be) ill for a long time.

I ____________ (thank) her for everything she __________ (do).
When I got to the office, I _________ (realize) that I _________ (forget) to lock the front door.
When they _______ (finish) their work, they _________ (go) home.
I _______ (call) you at 8.00, but you _______ just __________ (go) out.
I took my family to Paris last year. I _____________ (be) there as a student, so I ___________ (know) my way around.
When I _________ (listen) to the news, I ______ (go) to bed.

Упр.5.9.2. Соедините следующие пары предложений, используя союзы в скобках. Замените время одного из глаголов на Past Perfect.
Пример: I had a bath. I went to bed.(after)

After I'd had a bath, I went to bed.

I read the letter, I threw it away. (when)
He passed his driving test. He bought a car. (as soon as)
I took the book back to the library. I finished reading it. (when)
I didn't go to bed. I did my homework. (until)
I spent all my money. I went home. (when)
I read the book. I saw the film. (before)
Her children left home. She started writing. (after)

Упр.5.9.3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
Пример: When we returned to the car we saw (saw) that someone had smashed (smash) the windows.

I ________ (realise) I __________ (lose) my purse when I opened my bag.
He ________ (lose) the squash game because he _________ (never / play) squash before in his life.
David ____________ (buy) his ticket the week before, so I don’t understand why he ___________ (try) to get in without paying.
By the time she __________ (be) eighteen she ___________ (visit) nearly every capital city in the world.
Paula ________(drop) the cup she was holding and ________ (burst) into tears.
Why _____________ (you / not speak) to Jim at the meeting yesterday? Because he _______________ (leave) by the time I got there.
Sally was upset when _________ (you / not / eat) any of her birthday cake. I _______ (not / can) help it. I __________ (just / eat) a huge meal.
You _______________ (look) happy when you were talking to Jackie last night. Yes. I _________________ (not / see) her for six years.
“It _________ (take) nearly four hours to drive to the garden party, and when we ____________ (get) there they ____________ (refuse) to let us in!”

“Why?”

“Because we _______________(forget) to bring our invitations.”

10. Johnny ___________ (spent) seven years of his life in prison before he ______ (realise) that the things he _______ (done) to get there were wrong. He _______(rob) banks, he _______ (burgle) houses, he ________ (steal) cars. But, fortunately , he ___________ (never / kill) anyone.
Упр.5.9.4. Закончите второе предложение так, чтобы у него было значение, подобное первому. Используйте выделенное слово и от двух до пяти других необходимых слов.
1. Barry was very excited because it was his first time on television.

never

Barry _______________ before, so he was very excited.

2. The children ran over the bridge to see the fire engine, but it was no longer there.

had

The fire engine ___________________ time the children ran over the bridge.

3. He looked familiar to me, but in fact he was a complete stranger.

met

Although he looked familiar to me, I ___________________ before.

4. After they had had the contract read by a lawyer, they signed it.

before

They had the contract read by a lawyer ___________________ it.

5. Staying in a five-star hotel was a new experience for us.

stayed

We __________________ in a five-star hotel before.

6. They arrived at the cinema just in time to see "The End" come up on the screen.

just

The film __________________ by the time they arrived at the cinema.

7. He had to write over fifty letters to get an interview.

had

He got an interview only after ___________________ over fifty letters.

8. She left the office after turning off all the lights.

turned

After __________________ all the lights, she left the office.

9. When we arrived at the house, Dan had just left.

soon

Dan left the house and __________________ after.

10. I checked that I had my passport with me before I left for the airport.

after

I left for the airport ________________ that I had my passport with me.
Упр.5.9.5. Закончите следующие предложения или добавьте свое, используя глагол в Past Perfect.
Пример: When I arrived home, I was starving. I hadn't had anything to eat all day.

Tom was furious with Alice because she ______________________.
James inherited a small fortune from his father, but a year later he didn't have a penny. __________________.
She was fined $ 200 because she ____________________.
When I saw him, he was pale and shaking like a leaf. ______________.
He was two hours late for the wedding because ______________.
I didn't know her name, but the face was familiar. I was sure __________.
I couldn't answer any of the exam questions, although __________.
James was very proud of his eighteen-year-old son, who _________.

Упр.5.9.6. Подчеркните правильную глагольную форму.

Пример: Everybody knew he had stolen / had been stealing from his employer for years.

I knew the facts of the case because I had read / had been reading the report.
My eyes ached because I had read / had been reading for three hours.
The children were filthy. They had played / had been playing in the garden, and they were covered in mud.
I was very nervous at the beginning of the match. I had never played/ had never been playing her before, and I didn't know how good she was.
Donald excelled himself as a cook. He had cooked / had been cooking a wonderful Spanish dish.
Donald was very cross. He had worked/ had been working in the kitchen all morning, and none had offered to help.

Упр.5.9.7. Составьте предложения, используя слова в скобках. Используйте следующие глагольные времена: Present Perfect, Present Perfect Coutinuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Coutinuous.
Пример: Ann is sitting on the ground. She's out of breath. (she / run) She has been running.

Where's my bag? I left it under this chair. (somebody / take / it)
We were all surprised when Jenny and Andy got married last year. (they / only / know / each other / a few weeks)
It's still raining. I wish it would stop. (it / rain / all day)
Suddenly I woke up. I was confused and didn't know where I was. (I / dream)
I wasn't hungry at lunchtime so I didn't have anything to eat. (I / have / a big breakfast)
Every year Bob and Alice spend a few days at the same hotel by the sea. (they / go / there for years)
I've got a headache. (I / have / it / since I got up)
Next week Gerry is going to run in a marathon. ( he / train / very hard for it)

5.10. "Used to" и "would" для выражения повторяющегося действия или обычного состояния в прошлом.
Used to используется, чтобы выразить обычные, повторяющиеся прошедшие действия и состояния, которые продолжались в течение некоторого периода времени в прошлом, но в настоящее время уже не происходят.

Примеры: Last winter I used to spend a lot of time in the library. (повторяющееся действие)

He used to be very short-tempered. (состояние)

Would употребляется со всеми лицами единственного и множественного числа для выражения повторного действия в прошлом в значении бывало, при этом употребление would не подчеркивает, что в настоящее время действие уже не происходит. Would нельзя использовать, чтобы передать прошлые состояния. (Неправильно сказать: He'd live in a lovely cottage.)

Если действие в прошлом совершилось лишь раз, и следовательно, не является привычкой, нужно использовать Past Simple.
Упр.5.10.1. Соедините строчки из колонки А и В. Закончите предложение в колонке В подлежащим с used to.

A	B
I was very fit when I was young. The teachers at my school were horrible. My sister’s room was so messy. I had a dog when I was a kid. My family had some lovely holidays. When I was young we didn’t have a car. And we didn’t have central heating. My uncle was a pilot for British Airways.	It used to follow me everywhere. ___________ go everywhere by bus. _______ freeze on winter morning. ___________ fly Concord. ______ never ______ tidy it at all. ___________ do a lot of exercises. ___________ hit the pupils. _______ go camping all over Europe.

Упр.5.10.2. Составьте предложения с used to. Обратите внимание на образование отрицательной конструкции didn't use to.
Пример; This town's so ugly. It used to be so pretty.

There are so many tourists. There didn't use to be any tourists.

The houses are very expensive.
The streets are dirty.
There is so much litter on the streets.
The car parks are always full.
There is a lot of traffic on the roads.
It's noisy at night.
Andy's changed! He's so miserable!
And he's really mean.
He's badly-dressed.

Упр.5.10.3. Составьте краткие ответы с never used to, и скажите , что на самом деле имело место в прошлом.
Пример: Jeremy drinks beer and whisky. (lemonade)

He never used to. He used to drink lemonade.

Henry drives like a maniac. (carefully)
Tessa spends a fortune on clothes! (very careful with her money)
The children fight a lot these days. (get on well)
I think Kate tells lies. (tell the truth)
Margaret gets up at 11.00. (the first one up in the morning)
The tape recorder keeps stopping. (work perfectly)

Упр.5.10.4. Закончите предложения, используя Past Continuous или used to и глагол в скобках.
Примеры: I haven't been to the cinema for ages now. We used to go a lot. (go)

Ann didn't see me wave to her. She was looking in the other direction. (look)

I ___________ a lot but I don't use my car very much these days. (drive)
I asked the driver to slow down. She _______________ too fast. (drive)
Rose and Jim met for the first time when they ______ at university. (study)
When I was a child, I ______________ a lot of bad dreams. (have)
When the phone rang, I __________________ a shower. (have)
"Where were you yesterday afternoon?" " I _________ volleyball." (play)
"Do you do any sports?" "Not these days. I _________ volleyball." (play)
George looked very nice. He _______________ a very nice suit. (wear)

*Упр.5.10.5. Прочитайте следующий рассказ. Какие глаголы, выделенные курсивом могут быть заменены на (1) would или used to?

(2) только на used to?

(3) должны остаться в Past Simple?
We (a) met while we were doing a course in London. It wasn't exactly love at first sight, but I often (b) found myself looking in his direction, and he always (c) smiled back, and his eyes (d) linger red just a little longer than was necessary. So we (e) started having lunch together in a small cafe, and then, if the weather was fine, we (f) went for a walk in the park, and (g) chatted endlessly about everything. He (h) lived at one end of town, and I was miles away, but we often (i) met at weekends. I (j) thought it would last for ever, but of course it didn't. Nothing does!
Напишите пять-шесть предложений о том, что Вы делали, когда были студентами или школьниками, используя рассмотренные глагольные формы для выражения прошлых повторных действий.
5.11. Способы выражения будущего времени.
Действия в будущем времени могут быть выражены не только использованием форм будущего времени с вспомогательными глаголами shall и will (например, “I’ll come,” he said. (решение, принятое в момент разговора), He’ll win, I’m sure. (предсказание)), но также использованием

формы to be going to: We are going to play tennis. (намерение);

времени Present Continuous: She’s meeting her publisher. (запланированное действие);

времени Present Indefinite: My flight leaves at 10:00. (будущее действие, происходящее по расписанию).
Упр.5.11.1. Используйте will или be going to. Иногда возможен больше, чем один правильный ответ.

Look out! We _____________ crash!
"There's the doorbell." "I ______________ go."
We promise that if you vote for us we ______________ double your income in twelve months.
"It's very cloudy, isn't it?" "Yes, I think it ________________ rain."
The next train to arrive at platform six _______________ be the delayed 7.32 service for Bristol.
I wonder what she __________________ do next.
"Can somebody answer the phone?" "I _____________________."
A Poor Sue went to hospital yesterday.

B I'm sorry to hear that. I ____________________ send some flowers.

i. A This room's very cold.

B You're right. I _________________ turn on the heater.

j. A Oh dear. I can't do this homework.

B Don't worry. I ________________ help you.

k. A It's John's birthday tomorrow.

B Is it? I can't afford a present but I _______________ buy him a card.

l. A How old are you?

B I'm 64. I _________________ retire next year.

m. A Why are you leaving so early?

B Because the teacher gave us a lot of homework and I _________ do it very carefully.
Упр.5.11.2. Закончите следующие предложения, используя will или be going to и любые другие необходимые слова . Иногда возможны оба варианта.
a. A I've got to phone a Paris number. Do you know the code?

B No, _________________ in the directory for you.

b. A What are you doing over the Easter holidays?

B Absolutely nothing. We _________________ rest.

c. A Did you hear the weather forecast?

B Yes. _____________ cold at first, then _____________ a little warmer this afternoon, and this evening _________________ some light showers.

d. A Why did you buy a house in such terrible condition?

B It was cheap. We _______________ modernize it from top to bottom, and we _____________ into a restaurant. What do you think?

e. A If you are elected, what ________ your party ______ about unemployment?

B We have carefully considered this issue. When we are elected, as we most certainly ________ be, we __________ create half a million new jobs.

f. A What are you doing here? Annie's expecting you for lunch.

B I completely forgot! I__________ a ring, and tell her I ____________ be late. Thanks for reminding me.

g. A How will the proposed tax increase on petrol affect your business?

B To be perfectly honest, we haven't thought about it yet. We ____________ cross that bridge when we get to it.
h. Упр.5.11.3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму будущего времени.
Пример: Hurry up! The plane arrives (arrive) at 7.30.

There's no point in running now. We ________ (miss) the bus anyway.
Yes, I'll come out this evening. I _______________(not/work).
You can relax. The match ______________ (not/start) until four o'clock.
I __________ (go) to the market this afternoon. Do you want anything?
Are you OK, Donna? You look like you ________________(faint).
You realise that the boss _______________ (not/like) this, don't you?
I ________________ (cook) dinner this evening - as usual.
She _______________ (look) for a new flat next year.
Don't worry. The shops _________ (not close) until eight o'clock tonight.

Упр.5.11.4. Закончите второе предложение так, чтобы его значение было подобно значению первого предложения. Используйте выделенное слово и от двух до пяти других необходимых слов.
a. Simon intends to join the police force when he leaves school.

is

When Simon leaves school _______________ the police force.

b. He is such a bad driver that he is almost certain to have an accident soon.

going

I think _____________ an accident soon because he is such a bad driver.

c. The departure time for the train is 8.35.

at

The train _________________ 8.35.

d. I have arranged to meet my bank manager in the near future.

am

I _______________________ soon.

e. They say that if the cows are lying down, rain will soon follow.

is

They say that if the cows are lying down, it means that ________ rain.

f. What do you intend to do with all that money?

are

What _______________________ with all that money?

g. He has decided never to drink whisky again.

is

He ___________________ whisky again.

h. We have not arranged to do anything in particular this weekend.

are

We ___________________ anything in particular this weekend.

i. I do not intend to help him, even if he pays me.

am

Even if he pays me, I ___________________ him.

j. The film is scheduled to begin at four o'clock.

not

The film ___________________ until four o'clock.
Упр.5.11.5. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную форму. Выбирайте из следующих форм: I am going, I do, I’m going to, do, will, won’t, will (shall) be doing.

I feel a bit hungry. I think ________________(I/have) something to eat.
Why are you putting on your coat? ____________ (you/go) somewhere?
What time _____________________(I/phone) you this evening? About 7.30?
Look! That plane is flying towards the airport. ________ (it/land).
We must do something soon, before _____________ (it/be) too late.
I'm sorry you’ve decided to leave the company. _______ (I/miss) you when _________ (you/go).
________ (I/give) you my address? If ______ (I/give) you my address, ______

(you/write) to me?

Are you still watching that programme? What time ________ (it/end)?
____________ (I / go) to London next weekend for a wedding. My sister ________________(get) married.
I'm not ready yet. _________ (I/tell) you when __________ (I / be) ready. I promise ________________ (I / not / be) very long.
A Where are you going?

B To the hairdresser's. __________ (I / have) my hair cut.

She was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again until ______________ (she / apologise).
I wonder where ______________________ (we/live) ten years from now?
What do you plan to do when ______ (you / finish) your course at college?

Упр.5.11.6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную глагольную форму.
Пример: When you have read my book, could you give it back to me?

Of course. As soon as I've finished it, I'll give it to you.

I ____________ (not be) in touch unless there __________ (be) something urgent to tell you.
The children _______ (not go) to bed until they ____ (have) a glass of milk.
You _________ (phone) me before you ________ (go) away, won't you?
A When __________________ you (go) to the pub?

B When I ______ (finish) this work. It _______ (take) about another hour.

If you ________________ (not hurry) up, we ______________ (be) late.
I ___ (come) to London as soon as you _____ (find) somewhere for us to live.
I'm sure you _____ (feel) a lot better after you ______ (take) your medicine.
We _______ (have dinner) as soon as all the guests _______ (arrive).
You _________ (not forget) to lock the door if you ______ (go) out, will you?
I ______________ (not let) you go until I ____________ (tell-passive) the truth. Which of you did it?

Упр.5.11.7. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильной форме: Future Simple, Present Simple или Present Perfect.

When we (pass) our exam we'll have a holiday.
When I (finish) the book I'll lend it to you.
After I (be) here for a year I'll ask for a rise.
Don't drive at more than 50 k.p.h. till your car (do) 4,000 kilometres.
When you (do) 4,000 kilometres you can drive it at 70 k.p.h.
When we (see) the cathedral we'll go to the museum.
He (not let) you out till you have finished your homework.
Hotel receptionist: When you (sign) the hotel register the porter will show you your room.
By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition.
By next April I (pay) $3,000 in income tax.
I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all these old houses (be) pulled down.
The strike leader said, "By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike."
At your present rate you (burn) all that coal by the end of the month.
The treasurer said, "By the end of the year all our debts (be paid) off.”

5.12. Правильное употребление глаголов.
Употребление таких часто используемых глаголов, как take, make, do, have, вызывает иногда определенные трудности. Выбор глагола часто определятся следующим за ним существительным (прямым дополнением), а не только словарным значением глагола.
Упр.5.12.1. Образуйте правильные выражения, используя глаголы make и do. Затем закончите предложения, используя нужное выражение в соответствующей форме.
1 ___ a mistake 6 ______ a will 11 __ a complaint 16 __ progress

2 ___ nothing 7 ___ friends with 12 __ up my mind to 17___ a speech

3 ___ a noise 8 ____ sense 13 __ business with 18 ____ a mess

4 ___ one’s best 9 ____ my homework 14__ a phone call 19 ___ sure that

5 ___ money 10 ___ the housework 15__ an exam 20 ___ someone a favour

Could you ______ ? Could you give me a lift to the station?
At first I found English difficult, but now I’m beginning ________ .
Customer to waiter: “I think you _____ . My bill should be $5, not $15.”
I _______ a lot of ______ with the Chinese. They are good customers of mine.
Can you understand these instructions? They _______ to me.
It took me a long time to decide, but I have finally _______ to accept the job.
Sh! Don’t _______ . The baby’s asleep.
Hello. I’d like ______ . There’s no hot water in my room.
Before going on holiday you should _______ all windows and doors are shut and locked.
A You must try harder.

B I’m _______ .

A Well, it’s not good enough.

Yesterday the Prime Minister _______ in the House of Commons.
It took me hours to clean your room. If you ______ again, you can clean it up yourself.

*Упр.5.12.2. Заполните пропуск нужной формой глаголов make или do.

You can’t rely on him. He is always ______ excuses for never getting things done.
Just a minute, I have to ____ a call.
The recent cable break has ____ a lot of damage.
You either know the answer or you don’t. It’s no good ____ guesses.
Which modern languages are you ____ ?
We _____ an agreement and you’ve broken it.
I’ve got a lot of jobs to ____ this morning.
I shouldn’t employ him. He’s always ____ trouble.
We‘ve been studying this radiation for a year, but we haven’t ____ much progress.
A car that size only ____ about 10 miles to the gallon.

Упр.5.12.3. Заполните пропуск нужной формой глагола have + существительное из приведенных ниже. Обратите внимание на то, что в сочетаниях типа have breakfast / lunch артикль не используется (но have a meal).
drink row look swim bath breakfast word day game time supper

Пример: “Would you like to have a drink ?”

“Yes, please. I’m very thirsty.”

“Did you watch TV last night?”

“No, I _________ and went straight to bed.”

“Did you _______ a good _______ of tennis?”

“Yes, I won 6-0, 6-2.”

“Bye, Mum. I’m going out now!”

“Goodbye, darling. _______ a nice ______ !”

“Did you ______ ______ this morning?”

“No, I got up too late. I just had a cup of coffee.”

I’m going to ______ a ________ and wash my hair. I feel dirty.
I have a swimming pool at home, so if you want to _______ a ________ , just come round.
“Did you ______ a good ______ at the office, dear?”

“No, I didn’t. The boss was very angry with me.”

Peter and I always argue. We don’t agree about anything. Yesterday we ______ a ______ about politics.
I’ve got my holiday photographs. Do you want to ______ a _______ ?
John! Could I ______ a _______ with you for a minute? There’s something I want to ask you about.

Упр.5.12.4. Для глаголов, совпадающих с существительным по форме, конструкция have + a + noun обозначает однократное действие. Герундий используется, когда говорят о чем-либо в общем. Сравните, например:

Talking to someone about a problem usually helps to solve it.

I had a talk with Susan last night.

Составьте по два предложения для каждого из следующих слов, одно с герундием, а другое с have + a + noun.

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