практик. Ббк 81. 2 Англ923 т 23
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Exercise 2, p. 363 1. Can I introduce Margaret Diamond? 2. Can I introduce the Margaret Diamond I told you about last week? 3. There is a Margaret Diamond waiting for you in the office. 4. Well, mine is a Lincoln, not a Toyota. 5. The National Gallery bought a Constable at the auction. 6. Have you got a Collins that I could borrow? 7. - What a bright pullover! - Yes, it’s a Benetton. 8. - Do you know who invented the Pullman? 9. The actor got a Nika for this film. 10. She was a good actress. She made a rather touching Natalia Petrovna in “A Month in the Country” by Turgenev. 11. This isn’t the Paris I used to know. 12. There will always be an England for me! 13. The two Americas have different climatic zones. 14. The concert hall bought a new Petroff. 15. How strong the boy isM true Hercules! Exercise 3, p. 363 1. Could you lend me your Webster? - Will a Hornby do?/Will a Hornby suit you? 2. You are a real Lovelace! - And you are a Don Juan. 3. I know nothing about painting. I can’t tell a Cezanne from a Picasso. 4. Is it Lillian? How changed she is! It is surely not the Lillian I knew when she was a little girl. 5. Can I book a ticket to Birmingham?/Can I pay for a call to Birmingham? - Yes, but we’ve got two Birminghams in the computer. Do you need the Birmingham which is in the USA or the Birmingham in England? - The Birmingham which is in England. 6 . I bought a new TV set yesterday. - Is it a Sony? - No, it’s a Philips. 7. We have received a fax from a Romanov. 8. With all those magic tricks of his your son may become another/a new David Copperfield. 9. I see you’ve got a Honda, haven’t you? - No, it’s my wife’s new car. 10. A new McDonalds is opening/opens in Moscow tomorrow. 11. Have you got a copy of America to read? Unfortunately not. But I’ve got Cosmopolitan. 13. I would never have thought that the Morozovs had such a gorgeous library. 14. To my delight I saw a Dahl in the bookshop and bought it. 15. Stop behaving like that. You are not a Scarlett and I’m not a Rhett. 16. Why, you are a real James Bond. 17. The police say you keep a Kalashnikov in your house. 18. The girl wants Father Frost to bring her a Barbie for the New Year. 19. Lord Sandwich invented the sandwich. 20. I’ll have a Martini. - And I’d like a soda, please. 21. The scared/frightened Marina answered the phone call. 22. Now we have a complete “Britannica” and we are very glad about it. 23. Is Nurse at home? - She is out doing the shopping./She has gone to the shops/gone shopping. 24. What a lovely shop! - Yes it’s a Valentino. Exercise 4, p. 364 1. Он подумал, что спать в таком месте было бы безумием. to sleep is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It performs the function of the subject. 2. Дик взобрался на верхушку высокого дуба, чтобы оглядеть занесенный снегом лес. to look is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It performs the function of an adverbial modifier of purpose. 3. Они бросились бежать напрямик, как олени, и бежали достаточно быстро, чтобы успеть вовремя. to run is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It is part of a compound verbal phasal predicate. To be is also an active nonperfect simple infinitive. It is an adverbial modifier of consequence. 4. - Продолжай, сынок. Я здесь для того, чтобы выслушать тебя. - Ну, в общем, я хочу взять свои слова обратно, сэр. Простите, что я вас обозвал. to listen and to take are active non-perfect simple infinitives. To have called is an active perfect infinitive. To listen is part of an adverbial modifier of purpose. To take and to have called are parts of objects. 5. Его никто не любит, потому что у него столько денег, которые он может швырять направо и налево. to throw around is an active non-perfect infinitive; it performs the function of an attribute. 6. Чтобы исключить всякую возможность ошибок, необходимо провести исследования также и в этой области. to exclude is an active non-perfect simple infinitive, which serves as an adverbial modifier of purpose. To do is also an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It performs the function of an object. 7. Я мало знал о человеке, которого мне предстояло защищать, и отнюдь не жаждал взяться за его дело. to defend and to take up are both active non-perfect simple infinitives. To defend is part of a compound verbal modal predicate and to take up is an object. 8. Золото и любовные связи похожи в одном: их трудно скрыть. to hide is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which serves as an object. 9. Есть время ловить рыбу и время сушить сети. to fish and to dry are active non-perfect simple infinitives serving as attributes. 10. Я воспользовался удобным случаем, чтобы поговорить с Пандорой. to speak is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which serves as part of an adverbial modifier of purpose. 11. Услышав эту шутку, наш проводник улыбнулся впервые за все время. smile is an active non-perfect simple infinitive serving as an object. It is bare because though most of the verbs that take two objects the first of which is a noun or a pronoun and the second is an infinitive take an infinitive with the particle to, some are used with bare infinitives, namely to make, to let, to have and the verbs of sense perception. 12. Я не заметил, как Кэролайн вышла из дома. to see and leave are active non-perfect simple infinitives, to see is an object; leave is part of a complex object/an objective with an infinitive construction. It is bare because after the verbs of sense perception such as to see complex objects contain bare infinitives. 13. Это было чрезвычайно глупо, не правда ли? to do is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. In this sentence it serves as an attribute. 14. Слушать Элтона Джона - чистое удовольствие. to listen is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which performs the function of the subject. 15. Люди отправляются на сафари, чтобы посмотреть на диких животных в естественных условиях их обитания. to watch is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which serves as an adverbial modifier of purpose. 16. Я пошел в ванную, чтобы ополоснуться холодной водой. to cool down is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which serves as an adverbial modifier of purpose. 17. Стоит ли добавлять что-либо к уже сказанному? Лучше я замолчу, чтобы, как бы сказать помягче, не усугубить положение. Say and stop are active non-perfect simple infinitives. They are bare because the modal verb need takes a bare infinitive. Both are parts of compound verbal modal predicates. To cause and to put are active non-perfect simple infinitives. To cause is part of an adverbial modifier of purpose, and to put is part of a parenthesis. 18. Чтобы победить в соревновании, Полу нужна была удача. to win is an active non-perfect simple infinitive which serves as an adverbial modifier of purpose. 19. За этим столом очень удобно работать. to work at is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It performs the function of an object. 20. Мне очень приятно принимать вас в моем доме. to accept is an active non-perfect simple infinitive serving as the subject. 21. С ним трудно иметь дело/ладить. to deal with is an active non-perfect simple infinitive serving as an object. 22. Мне надо обдумать так много проблем. to consider is an active non-perfect simple infinitive serving as an attribute. 23. Он отправился на Ближний Восток, чтобы найти там смерть от желтой лихорадки. to die is an active non-perfect simple infinitive serving as part of an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. Exercise 5, p. 365 1. Father is willing to let us be independent. 2. David is known to have taken part in the campaign. 3. I won’t have you say it behind my back. 4. Ever since Simon came here he has been made to look like a fool. 5. Why not buy something new and smashing? 6. Mother made everybody do some work about the house. 7. She is always seen to walk with her grandchildren. 8. We suppose her to be in her late fifties. 9. I’ve never seen anyone enjoy food so much. 10. I would sooner let myself be cut in a thousand pieces than betray my friends. 11. The team was announced to have won the Cup. 12. Let’s have a day off, shall we? 13. You’d better not say anything. I’d rather be left alone. 14. The Lovedays can’t afford to buy this house. 15. I was made to scrub the pans and pots. 16. Don’t let’s go home yet. 17. He is known to be an expert on ecology. 18. There is nothing to do but risk it. 19. We have to go now. We can’t wait any more. 20. She felt her shoes pinch. Exercise 6, p. 365 1. Tomorrow will be a very busy day. You’ve got several clients to receive and two meetings to attend. 2. I’ve got no time to relax at all. And there is still so much to do! 3. Janice is very hard/difficult to get in touch with. She seems to be talking on/over the phone/by phone all evening. 4. I’ll have to consult my diary (Br. Eng.)/calendar (Am. Eng), I may have phone calls to make. 5. To know oneself is to know one’s merits and demerits/ one’s virtues and faults/shortcomings/drawbacks/one’s good and bad qualities. 6. Books made me revise my world outlook/made me look at the world with new eyes. 7. The secret is to know how to use different colours (so as/in order) to produce/have the best possible effect. 8. We advise you not to waste a single day (so as/in order) to achieve the best possible results. 9. This paste is potent enough to remove all kinds (different/ various kinds) of stains. 10. To exclude/To rule out any possibility of (making) a mistake/ an error it is necessary to carry out a thorough investigation/ to investigate the matter thoroughly. 11. Need I say anything else/say more? - No, you’d better keep silent (you had better stop) so as not to cause more trouble/ not to make things worse. 12. Adrian took the opportunity to talk to his father. 13. He was made to allow the children to go on/for a picnic/ to let the children go on/for a picnic. 14. He built a house for himself never to live in it. 15. It’s hard to trust him/He’s hard to trust. He’s the last man to turn to for help. Exercise 7, p. 366 1. Sentences 1, 2,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,16,17, 18 are cases of a metonymic transfer. 1. The change of meaning from glass to a glass is quite considerable. Whereas glass is an uncountable noun of material meaning a transparent solid substance used for making windows bottles, etc. - стекло, a glass is a container made of that material and used for drinking - стакан, бокал. It takes an article. 2. Whereas paper is an uncountable material meaning material in the form of thin sheets that is used for writing on, wrapping things etc. - бумага, a paper is a sheet of paper with print or writing on it. It is countable and means either a newspaper or a document or a letter or a piece of paper with writing on it that one uses in one’s work. As such it is countable and if it is singular it takes an article. 3. Wood is an uncountable noun of material which in its general sense takes no article. It is the material trees are made of - дерево, древесина. A wood is a small forest. 4. Iron is an uncountable material noun meaning a common hard metal used to make steel - железо. An iron is a device made of this metal and used for making clothes smooth - утюг. It is countable and as such can take articles. 5. String is an uncountable material noun used in such word combinations as “a piece of string”, “a ball of string” etc. It means a thin strong thread made of several threads twisted together used for tying things - бечевка, шнур. A string is a piece of the above - кусок бечевки, бечевка. In this sense it can be used with the indefinite article. 6. Coffee is an uncountable material noun and as such can’t take the indefinite article. A coffee is a portion of the above, most probably a cup. In this sense the noun is countable, it can be used with the indefinite article. 7. Cloth is an uncountable material noun meaning material used for making things such as clothes - ткань, материя. A cloth is a piece of cloth used for a particular purpose, e.g. a wet cloth, a clean cloth, a tablecloth, a dishcloth. 8. Rubber is a non-count material noun meaning an elastic substance used to make tyres, boots etc. - резина. A rubber (Br: Eng.) is the same as the American eraser - a small piece of rubber or other material used for rubbing off pencil marks from paper. It is countable, has a plural and can be used with the indefinite article. 9. A lamb is a countable common noun meaning a young sheep - ягненок. Lamb is the meat of the above. It is an uncountable material noun. 10. Language is an abstract uncountable noun meaning the use of written or spoken words - речь, язык, e.g. written language, colloquial language, informal language or the words and style used in poetry, writing or speech or the words used in a particular activity or job, e.g. literary language, foul language, everyday language, medical language, etc. A language is a system of communication by words which is used by the people of a particular country or area - язык. 11. Tin is an uncountable material noun meaning a soft silver- gray non-precious metal - олово. A tin is a small metal container often tin-plated in whish food or drink is sold or stored. 12. Study is an abstract noun meaning learning e.g. from books, especially if you do it at home by yourself - изучение, учеба, e.g. fond of study, give a lot of one’s time to study etc. It can’t take the indefinite article but is often used in plural. A study is either a piece of research, or a room used by smb. for reading, writing, etc. 13. Light is an uncountable material noun meaning the energy from the sun, a lamp etc. that makes things visible - свет. A light is either a particularly type of light or a source of light. It is a result of a metonymic transfer from light. 14. Air is an uncountable material noun. Air is the mixture of gases around the Earth that we breathe - воздух. An air is an appearance, a manner e.g. an air of confidence. It is a common countable noun which has a plural and can take the indefinite article. 15. Duck - утятина is the meat of a duck (утка) - a very common water bird. Duck is an uncountable material noun and |