ГОТОВОЕ ПОСОБИЕ. Цель пособия в сжатые сроки научить студентов читать и понимать англоязычную литературу по профилю вуза
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Итоговый тест I. Выберите предложения, в которых имеются четыре смысловые группы. 1. The power consumption of mobile devices directly affects their usage time. 2. In the future wireless devices will also offer high-speed Internet access. 3. Authentication protects the service provider from unauthorized intrusion. 4. The radio interface must accommodate bi-directional speech transmission. II. Заполните пропуски подходящими по форме и значению словами. 5. Another classification of computer networks is based on their ___ topology.
6. The Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-level protocol that allows a client to download e-mail messages ___ on a server.
7. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a flexible text format derived from SGML but is now used by a wide variety of ___ that need to exchange structured data.
8. The most significant ___ of fiber-optic cabling is its enormous capacity compared to copper cabling and mobile services.
III. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из колонки справа.
IV. Выберите русский эквивалент для каждого английского слова. 13. require a) увеличивать 14. transmitter b) приёмник 15. increase c) кодировать d) передатчик 16. encrypt e) требовать V. Укажите русское словосочетание,эквивалентное предъявленному английскому. 17. сompatible hardware platforms a) cовместимые устройства для аппаратных платформ b) cовместимые платформы аппаратов c) платформы с совместимым оборудованием d) аппаратное обеспечение совместимых платформ 18. Open Systems Interconnection architecture a) архитектурные решения с открытой системой взаимодействия b) архитектура взаимодействия открытых систем с) открытые системы взаимодействия архитектуры d) взаимодействие открытых архитектурных систем 19. a particular operating system complexity a) особенная операционная система сложности b) особенная работающая система сложности с) ложность конкретной операционной системы d) особенно сложная операционная система 20. networks access requirements a) сетевой доступ к требованиям b) требования доступности сетей c) требования для получения доступа в сеть d) требования к доступным сетям VI.Назовите русское предложение, эквивалентное предъявленному английскому. 21. Some digital communications networks contain one or more routers to transmit information to the correct user. a) Несколько сетей цифровой связи содержат более одного маршрутизатора, чтобы правильно передавать информацию пользователю. b) Некоторые цифровые сети связи содержат один или более маршрутизаторов для передачи информации соответствующему пользователю. c) Любые цифровые сети связи передают информацию нужному пользователю через несколько маршрутизаторов. d) Цифровые коммуникационные сети включают больше маршрутизаторов, чтобы передавать данные правильным пользователям. 22. Modulation can also be used to transmit information of low-frequency analog signals at higher frequencies. a) Модуляция, возможно, также использовалась для передачи данных о низкочастотных аналоговых сигналах на высоких частотах. b) Модуляция может быть использована, чтобы передавать аналоговые сигналы низкой частоты также и на высоких частотах. c) Модуляция также может использоваться для передачи информации низкочастотных аналоговых сигналов на более высоких частотах. d) Модуляция к тому же может использовать низкочастотные аналоговые сигналы для передачи данных на гораздо более высоких частотах. 23. Consumers are demanding a better user experience along with more advanced and useful applications on a more ergonomic device. a) Покупатели требуют более эргономичного устройства с более продвинутыми приложениями наряду с лучшим опытом работы пользователя. b) Лучший опыт работы пользователя на эргономичном устройстве требует также самых современных и полезных приложений. c) Более эргономичные устройства с наиболее передовыми и к тому же полезными приложениями пользуются большим спросом у покупателей. d) Потребители требуют лучшего пользовательского опыта наряду с более усовершенствованными и полезными приложениями на более эргономичном устройстве. 24. Consumer expectations for mobile handsets and similar products are becoming more and more sophisticated. a) Ожидания пользователей в отношении мобильных телефонов и аналогичных продуктов становятся все более и более требовательными. b) Пользователи надеются, что мобильные телефоны и похожие продукты станут более и более сложными. c) Покупатели ожидают дальнейшего усложнения мобильных трубок и аналогичных продуктов. d) Ожидания потребителей станут все более и более изощренными по отношению к мобильным телефонам и одинаковым с ними продуктам. VII. Прочитайте текст. Затем изучите утверждения после текста и отметьте: R (right), если утверждение верное; F (false), если утверждение неверное; N (noinformation), если в тексте об этом не говорится. Compression reduces the size of video, data, image, and voice files. This decreases the amount of network capacity needed to transmit files. Compression increases throughput without changing the actual speed of the line. With compression, a song can be downloaded in seconds rather than in minutes because fewer bits will be sent. At the receiving end, compatible compression software or hardware re-creates the compressed chunks into close to or the same image or sound that was sent. Text is recreated exactly as it was before it was compressed so that numeric information or product information is not altered. However, when it is received, compression might re-create video and voice in varying degrees of lower video resolution or voice quality with acceptable, often barely noticeable, alterations. Compression used with text and facsimile often reduces the amount of data to be transmitted by removing white spaces and by abbreviating the most frequently appearing letters. For instance, repeated letters are abbreviated into 3-bit codes instead of 8-bit codes. In similar fashion, one method of video compression transmits only the changed image, not the same image over and over. In a video conference, nothing is transmitted after the initial image of a person until that person moves or speaks. Fixed objects such as walls, desks and background are not repeatedly transmitted. There are a number of standardized compression algorithms (mathematical formulae used to perform operations such as compression) that enable compressed text and video to be transmitted in a format that can be easily decompressed at the receiving end. The most frequently used compression protocols are:
25. Compression greatly increases the actual speed of the transmission line. 26. Compressing makes the time for downloading a music file shorter reducing the number of bits to be sent. 27. In case of text compression, no change in the information is observed upon decompression. 28. Unlike compression, multiplexing does not alter the actual data sent. МОДУЛЬ 3 СЛОЖНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ THE COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES Сложносочинённое предложение The Compound Sentence
1Иногда союз может отсутствовать. В таком случае между предложениями ставится точка с запятой. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business applications. Millions of people are simultaneously using the Net; the most efficient route between a given source and destination can change from moment to moment. Сочинительные союзы
Для соединения независимых предложений могут употребляться некоторые наречия:
I. Find the compound sentences. Give their Russian equivalents. 1. Facebook was not the first social networking website, but its introduction in 2004 was the most influential in the development of the medium. 2. Network interface cards can be built in or you can use plug-in adaptors. 3. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. 4. Fixed-base transceivers, such as those used at police stations, can fit on a desktop, and hand-held transceivers have shrunk in size as well. 5. Pure or basic research aims to clarify scientific principles without a specific end product in view; applied research uses the findings of pure research in order to achieve a particular commercial objective. 6. We have been using plastic packaging for many years; however, next year we are moving to more environmentally-friendly materials. 7. Most television, radio, and voice communication, however, use the analog system and must be digitized. II. Explain the role of the comma. 1. Thus, the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude, longitude, altitude, and time. 2. Semipermanent information storage is also often used for archival purposes, but the media used can be overwritten. 3. With wireless communications people do not need to remain at a fixed location, such as a home or office, but instead can communicate with other people while traveling in a car or walking along a street. 4. The pulses were caused by contact between two metal surfaces, and receivers interpreted these electrical pulses as tones or beeps. 5. A typical LAN consists of two or more personal computers, printers, and high-capacity disk-storage devices called file servers. 6. The speed and power of supercomputers, the fastest class of computer, are almost beyond human comprehension, and their capabilities are continually being improved. III. Find the sentences with compound conjunctions. Give their Russian equivalents. 1. Telecommunications technologies include both wired and wireless services, among them the telegraph (now obsolete), telephone, radio, television, and the Internet. 2. These viruses replace either the programs that store information about the disk’s contents or the programs that start the computer. 3. Telenet and Tymnet were two packet networks, neither supported host-to-host communications. 4. In order for the concept to work, a new protocol had to be designed and developed; indeed, a system architecture was also required. 5. But ordinary voice communications taking place by way of a telephone are not in binary form; neither is much of the information gathered for transmission from a space probe, nor are the television or radio signals gathered for transmission through a satellite link. 6. The manager not only objects to the terms of payment, but he also objects to the time of delivery. 7. Firewalls can also help combat the spread of computer viruses and other malware, or malicious software. IV. Compare the words by form and choose a) nouns; b) verbs; c) adjectives. Introduction, influential, development, communicate, clarify, scientific, particular, commercial, communication, digitize, receiver, compute, storage, overwrite, wireless, location, design, typical, capacity, device, replace, require, transmission, fastest, comprehension, capability, improve, link, object, delivery, spread. V. Match each word English or word combination with the correct Russian equivalent.
VI. Arrange in pairs the words and word combinations with a) similar meaning, b) contrary meaning.
VII. In the text of task VIII find the word derived from the verb to encrypt. Give other derivatives of this verb and give their Russian equivalents. VIII. Read the first and last passages of the text and say what the text might be about. 1. Wireless (Wi-Fi) networks are just like fixed LANs, but instead of using cables, devices are linked by radio waves. 2. Each computer in a wireless network requires a wireless network interface card (NIC). These can be built in or you can use plug-in adaptors. These allow each component in the network to communicate with a wireless access point (AP) to create a wireless local area network (WLAN). The AP operates like a router in a fixed LAN. It also provides a bridge which plugs into the hub of a fixed LAN allowing both fixed and wireless users to talk to each other. If your LAN is connected to the Internet, the WLAN can also use it. If not, you can connect the WLAN to the Internet via an ADSL or cable modem. 3. What are the advantages of a wireless network? You don’t need cabling. In older buildings, it can be expensive to install cables and access points. With Wi-Fi, one access point can cover an entire floor or even a building. You can work anywhere within range of the access point. On a sunny day, you could work outside. You can make any room in the house your study. There are now Wi-Fi hotspots in hotels, libraries and airports, so you can link to a network away from home or your office. 4. There are disadvantages. Fixed LANs can run 1000 Mbps. Wireless networks are much slower and the further you are from an access point, the slower the rate. Other users may be able to intercept your data. Encryption programs like Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) can help. IX. Read the text and compare your predictions with the information from the text. X.Choose which of the statements below are true. 1. Wi-Fi networks are not linked by cables. 2. You can connect the WLAN to the Internet via a NIC. 3. It’s possible to use wireless networks outside and inside. 4. Wireless networks are faster than fixed LANs. 5. Using Wi-Fi you are in danger of stealing of your data. XI. Find the information about the advantages and disadvantages of Wi-Fi and local networks. XII. Using the information from the text explain why Wi-Fi is popular. XIII. Explain the role of the comma in the first sentence. XIV. Translate passages 1 and 4 into Russian. |