Н. Г. Веселовская английский язык для специальностей землеустройство Иземельный кадастр

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Н. Г. Веселовская

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ «ЗЕМЛЕУСТРОЙСТВО» И «ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЙ КАДАСТР»

LAND AND CADASTRES
Землеустройств

о

ACADEMA

ВЫСШЕЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Н. Г. ВЕСЕЛОВСКАЯ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ «ЗЕМЛЕУСТРОЙСТВО» И «ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЙ КАДАСТР»

Land and Cadastres

Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим объединением по образованию в области землеустройства и кадастров в качестве учебного пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по направлению «Землеустройство и кадастры» и специальностям «Землеустройство», «Земельный кадастр», «Городской кадастр»

acadcm'A

Москва

Издательский центр «Академия 2009

УДК 802.0:528.4(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ:65.32-5я73 В381

Рецензенты: зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Королевского института управления, экономики и социологии, кандидат филологических наук, профессор Т. И. Красикова; зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Российского университета кооперации, кандидат филологических наук, доцент И. И. Климова

Веселовская Н.Г.

В381 Английский язык для специальностей «Землеустройство» и «Земельный кадастр» = Land and Cadastres : учеб. пособие для студ. высш. учеб. заведений / Н. Г. Веселовская. — М. : Издательский центр «Академия», 2009. — 208 с.

ISBN 978-5-7695-5792-7

Пособие способствует формированию умения читать и переводить оригинальную литературу по специальности, навыков устной речи в пре­делах пройденной тематики. Все уроки сопровождаются упражнениями и текстами для чтения и перевода. В конце пособия помещены грамматиче­ские тесты и англо-русский словарь. Это поможет закрепить наиболее часто употребляемый лексико-грамматический материал.

Для студентов землеустроительных и кадастровых специальностей.

УДК 802.0:528.4(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ:65.32-5я73

Оригинал-макет данного издания является собственностью Издательского центра «Академия», и его воспроизведение любым способом без согласия правообладателя запрещается

© Веселовская Н. Г., 2009

© Образовательно-издательский центр «Академия», 2009 ISBN 978-5-7695-5792-7 © Оформление. Издательский центр «Академия», 2009

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие по английскому языку «Land and Cadastres» предназначено для студентов высших учебных заведений земле­устроительных и кадастровых специальностей.

Его цель — сформировать умение читать и переводить ориги­нальную литературу и развить навыки устной речи на английском языке в пределах пройденной тематики. В результате изучения терминологии по землеустройству и кадастрам студенты сущест­венно расширят активную лексику по своей специальности.

Тематика учебных материалов затрагивает такие вопросы, как землеустройство, земельный и городской кадастры, проблемы рынка земли, недвижимости и загрязнения окружающей среды.

Пособие состоит из 4-х разделов, каждый из которых включает 4 урока. Все уроки снабжены упражнениями и текстами по спе­циальности для чтения и перевода с английского языка со слова­рем и без словаря, что поможет закрепить наиболее часто упо­требляемый лексико-грамматический материал. По материалам текстов составлены грамматические упражнения и упражнения на словообразование. Они направлены на овладение навыками чте­ния, перевода и реферирования специализированных текстов по землеустройству и кадастрам. Для облегчения работы перед каж­дым текстом даны предтекстовые лексические упражнения. Рас­ширить и закрепить полученные знания помогут тексты для до­полнительного чтения, краткий англо-русский словарь и тесты по грамматике английского языка.

Пособие создавалось на основе опыта работы автора в студен­ческих и аспирантских группах землеустроительного факультета, а также факультетов земельного и городского кадастров Государст­венного университета по землеустройству.

Его рекомендуется использовать для студентов 1—3-х курсов, обучающихся на факультетах землеустройства и кадастров, после повторения вводно-фонетического курса и основ грамматики.Unit I LAND USE PLANNING

Lesson 1. COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF LAND USE PLANNING

1. 
   Прочитайте следующие слова:
   

Land, inhabitants, development, planning, provide, profoundly, gift, use, surveying, basis, nature, qualified, directly, ownership, prosperous, skills, peasant, important.

2. 
   Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:
   

Land use, land use planning, land surveying, a land surveyor, pro­foundly educated, land information, advanced countries, to sustain life, to pose a question, opposite situation, a simple answer, individual basis, an aspect of survival, land ownership.

3. 
   Прочитайте и переведите текст 1А:
   

Text 1A

The Individual and Society

It is obvious that any textbook on land use planning begins by posing the question, "What is land use planning about?" It is not a difficult problem to give a simple answer to this basic question. Land use plan­ning or land surveying is a process of managing the use and develop­ment of land resources in a sustainable way. It is essentially a study of the methods in which land use planners apply their knowledge, skills and efforts to the gifts of nature in order to satisfy their needs and wants.

Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. Such information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land use.

Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an aspect of survival. Land helps people to survive. That's why lands are very important resources for men.

Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside assist­ance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives in very small self-sufficient peasant communities. These people experience great poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own survival. They have a degree of economic independence.

The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable of providing for them­selves, directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the opposite situation — a high level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend upon the efforts and cooperation of many thousands of specialist workers, among them land use planners. Land use planning is concerned with land cadastre, land relations, land improvement, agriculture, soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography, com­puter science, etc. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only qualified but profoundly educated specialists.

4. 
   Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:
   

Skill, trucks, land use planning, make, a land surveyor, community, compel, society, automobiles, a land use planner, land surveying, level, knowledge, standard.

5. 
   Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:
   

Capable, independence, possible, easy, directly, impossible, large, incapable, difficult, dependence, small, indirectly.

6. 
   Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:
   

Глубоко образованный специалист, большой процент, ставить вопрос, регулировать землеустройство, простой ответ, решать проблему, информация о земле, помощь извне, трудный вопрос, экономическая независимость, поддерживать жизнь, средство вы­живания, противоположная ситуация, для того, чтобы удовлетво­рить нужды.

7. 
   Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:
   

1. Землеустройство — древняя наука. 2. Информация о земле включает землевладение, землепользование и потенциал земель­ных ресурсов. 3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации о земле. 4. Люди используют свои знания и навыки, чтобы удовлетворить свои нужды. 5. Даже в процветающих стра­нах существует аспект выживания. 6. Землеустроитель может дать правильные ответы на многие вопросы.

8. 
   Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глаголаto be:
   

1. Who ... the best specialist? 2. There ... vast land resources in

Russia. 3. Last year there ... the highest crop in this region. 4. Next year

y°u a land use planner. 5. I ... a second year student. 6. Land use

planning ... concerned with different sciences. 7. In future effective land use planning impossible without land information.

9. 
   Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную Формы:
   

1. It is a difficult matter to give a simple answer to the basic ques- t!on. 2. Land use planning is impossible without land information. 3- Such information includes land resources capacity et al. 4. Lands are very important resources for men. 5. People of the third world experi­ence great poverty. 6. We observe a high level of living in some devel­oped countries. 7. They have a degree of economic independence.

10. 
    Заполните пропуски предлогами:
    

1. Land use planning is a process ... managing the use and develop­ment ... land resources ... a sustainable way. 2. Land helps people ... survive. 3. Many textbooks begin ... posing the basic question. 4. It is not a difficult problem ... give a right answer ... the main question. 5. ... order ... satisfy men's needs and wants people apply their knowledge ... the gifts ... nature.

11. 
    Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:
    

1. A land surveyor solves many problems. 2. The inhabitants decide problems of survival. 3.This information includes land ownership and land tenure. 4.Some people have the ability to sustain life without out­side assistance. 5. A large percentage of the human race still lives in very small self-sufficient peasant communities.

12. 
    Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:
    

1. This textbook ... by posing the basic question (to begin). 2. Effec­tive land use planning ... impossible without land information (to be).

3. 
   Some people ... knowledge and skills to satisfy their wants (to apply).
   
4. 
   Land ... people to solve different problems (to help). 5. Nature ... men's needs and wants in many ways (to satisfy).
   
1. 
   Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
   

1. What do most textbooks on land use planning begin by? 2. Why do people apply their knowledge and skills? 3. What is effective land use planning impossible without? 4. Are lands very important resources for men? 5. How does a large percentage of the human race still live? 6. What does land information include? 7. Do we observe a high level of living in large cities? 8. Is it important to have economic independ­ence?

14. 
    Перескажите текст 1A.
    
15. 
    Прочитайте, переведите текст 1В и сформулируйте основ­ную мысль каждого абзаца:
    

Text 1В

Main Directions in Land Use Planning

The complex of land use planning work in modem conditions pro­vides the actions connected with redistribution of land and formation of new land uses, fixing in nature the borders of the sites, with complex research and estimation of land, creation of land fund for compelled immigrants and granting the sites to them, etc. The main attention now is paid to performance of the following work:

- preparation of materials for the official registration of papers, cer­tifying the right on land (including the proprietors of land shares);

• 
  rendering assistance to the agricultural enterprises in their reor­ganization (reforming), including development of the land use planning projects providing economically and ecologically proved formation of new land uses;
  
• 
  maintenance of all agricultural enterprises with cadastral maps in which quantitative and qualitative indicators of each site of farmland are reflected;
  
• 
  the analysis of land fund use with the purpose of opportunity defi­nition of granting land sites to citizens for conducting personal part-time farming, gardening, housing construction and other purposes;
  
• 
  preparation of the materials connected with an establishment of restrictions in using land and giving the rights for them to other per­sons.
  

The main directions of land use planning activity are:

• 
  scientific maintenance and forecasting consequences of planned land transformations;
  
• 
  substantiation and realization of general state policy in planning and organization of rational land use and protection of all categories of land irrespective of ownership forms and a departmental accessory of the land sites;
  
• 
  maintenance of target land use, preservation of valuable land sites in agricultural production;
  
• 
  formation and accommodation of ecologically and economically justified, compact and rational landed properties and land uses;
  
• 
  creation of territorial conditions for effective functioning the in­dustrial organizations and enterprises;
  
• 
  a complex of measures development on improvement of agricul­tural areas, on increasing soil fertility, maintenance of steady landscapes and protection of land;
  
• 
  survey the grounds with an establishment (restoration) in nature (on land) administrative-territorial and production borders in a state system;
  
• 
  manufacturing the documents certifying the right on land.
  

16. Прочитайте текст 1С и раскройте содержание рассматрива­емых в нем проблем:

Text 1С

Principles of Land Use Planning

On the basis of long-term investigations some principles of land use planning are presented.

Land use planning is a dialogue, creating the prerequisites for the successful negotiation and cooperation among stockholders.

The core task of land use planning consists of initiating a communi­cation and cooperation process which "allows all participants to formu­late their interests and objectives in the dialogue". On the basis of sound decisions a sustainable form of land use is proposed "whereby the aims and interests of other participating group are taken into account to the greatest possible extent".

Traditional rural societies have their own way of approaching prob­lems and settling conflicts concerning land use. In the process of land use planning, such mechanisms have to be recognized, understood and taken into account.

Land use planning requires transparency. Therefore, free access to information for all participants is a prerequisite.

Land use planning is implementation-oriented. Land use planning has to consider how the negotiated decisions are to be implemented. Land use planning does not end with the land use plan.

The implementation of limited measures (e.g. the development of cultivation techniques which conserve land resources) plays an impor­tant role in increasing the trust of the people in the village as far as the planning process is concerned.

17. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст ID:

Text ID

Comprehensive Planning and Major Steps

Chances of success for any business are greatly increased when attention is first directed to a comprehensive plan. When a land use plan is made for any new farm the land use planners should design a comprehensive planning. If financial assistance is necessary from bankers, trade creditors, or investors, their first request will be to see the total plan. With it they can visualize the creditworthiness of the farm.

There is no one sequence of steps in planning that is agreed upon by all authorities in any field. The most important thing in planning even a small farm is that all phases of its operations must be considered. The land surveyor planning a new farm should have very definite ideas about profits, financing, accounting, records, merchandising plans, location, market and customers, general method of operation, policies, advertis­ing and promotion, amount and type of expenses, break-even-point, legal form of management, and inventory valuation methods, among other factors.

The desired income approach to the entire planning process suggests that the land use planner's first question should be, "How much profit do I expect to receive from this farm in return from investing my time, and money in it?" This approach is based on the conviction that this question has been neglected much too often by new farm planners. No commitments, contracts, or obligations relative to a new farm should be undertaken without a clear idea of what profits are possible over at least the first year of operations.

The more we know about the circumstances around us, the better we can prepare the farm to protect itself against different unexpected­ness.

Using the desired income approach one should take into considera­tion important steps in planning. To complete a projected income state­ment the land use planner should determine what profit he wants from this farm, recognizing the time he will give and the investment he will have.

With the profit figure clearly in mind, it is possible, using statistics that are abundantly available, to calculate the production volume that is necessary to produce that particular profit.

It is also necessary to survey and test the market. The land use plan­ner should involve close study of the production needs of the farm and make proper decisions on how they are to be met. Here he decides whether to rent or buy the farm, whether to buy delivery trucks and on what terms. He should also decide whether to hire a delivery service or eliminate such service at all.

The land use planner is to study the location and the particular site chosen for specific characteristics. Too many small farms are located in space without any analysis of the suitability of that space as a location for the specific type of farm planned. Planners should not only study the characteristics of the legal forms of organization, they should also seek out the true management advantages. Merchandising plan should be also taken into account. Merchandising is a broad term. It is popu­larly known today as "the total marketing concept". It covers many things — plans for presenting products to customers, lines of products, sales promotion plans, and other associated activities. An adequate sys­tem of land uses should be established. Proper land uses are, essential to decision making by the land use planners.

Lesson 2. CONCEPTS AND THEORY OF LAND USE PLANNING

1. 
   Прочитайте следующие слова:
   

Adopt, option, top-down, encourage, rural, recreational, activities, between, wildlife, matching, framework, target, weighting, participa­tion, impact, resolve, agricultural, overexploitation.