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What of the vascular wall components is a highly thrombogenic surface and plays a sufficient Jole in thrombogenesis? Endothelium @Subendothelium collagen Muscular layer (media) Adventitia Elastic membranes # 6 All following conditions contribute to the process of thrombosis EXCEPT one: Stasis Turbulence blood flow Hypercoaculability states Injury of vascular wall @Hemodilution # 7 At autopsy an elderly female is found to have a blood clot in the femoral artery, which grossly had a striped pattern. Microscopy revealed congestions of fibrin fibers and broken down red and white cells. Which is the most likely type of thrombus? @Mixed thrombus Postmortem convolutions of a blood Thromboemboli Hyaline thrombus Red thrombus # 8 A 62-year-old man has experienced substemal chest pain upon exertion with increasing frequency over the past 6 months. At the moment he hospitalised with acute substemal pain with irradiation to left arm. An electrocardiogram shows features of acute myocardium infarction. LDH level is increased. By angiography, there is complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Which of the following events is most likely to occur in this patient: A systemic artery embolus from thrombosis in a peripheral vein. A systemic artery embolus from a left atrial mural thrombus. Pulmonary embolism from a left ventricular mural thrombus. @Obstructive thrombosis of coronary artery superimposed to atherosclerotic plaque Pulmonary embolism from thrombosis in a peripheral vein. # 9 A neonate died of intoxication. A microscopic examination of an umbilical vein revealed a diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the vessel's wall. Also, its lumen was filled with thrombus, rich with leucocytes and bacterial colonies. Karyorrhexis was detected in many leucocytes. Which is most likely outcome of a thrombus in that case? @Septic autolysis. Aseptic autolysis. Organization and vascularization of the thrombus. Thromboembolism. Calcification of a thrombus. # 10 A 43-year-old patient has thrombopenia, reduction of fibrinogen, products of degradation of fibrin presented in the blood, petechial haemorrhage along with septic shock. What is the most likely cause of the changes? Autoimmune thrombocytopenia @DIC-syndrom Exogenous intoxication Disorder of thrombocytes production Haemorrhagic diathesis # 11 A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome. What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient's blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes? Hypercoagulation @Transition phase Fibrinolysis Terminal Hypocoagulation # 12 A patient underwent a surgery for excision of a cyst on pancreas. After this he developed haemorrhagic syndrome with apparent disorder of blood coagulation. Development of this complication can be explained by: Reduced number of thrombocytes Activation of Christmas factor Insufficient fibrin production @Activation of fibrinolytic system Activation of anticoagulation system # 13 A 68-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for treatment of deep vein thromboses. The next day she suddenly died. At autopsy a large plug of laminated blood clot is found to occlude the main pulmonary artery. Which is likely to be found in her lungs? @Thromboembolism Thrombosis Tissue embolism Foreign body’s embolism Fat embolism # 14 A post-mortem of a 43-year-old female revealed multiple, hemorrhagic infarcts in lungs. Some lungs' vessels had reddish-brown dense masses within lumens, which were not attached to the vessel walls. Varicose phlebectasia of the legs with thromboses of some veins were also determined. Which pathological process occurred in this case? @Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery. Fat embolism of pulmonary artery. Tissue embolism of pulmonary artery. Foreign bodies embolism of pulmonary artery. Gas embolism. # 15 The gross appearance of thrombophlebities ofcatheterised subclavian vein is associated with: Multiple lung infarction @Systemic embolism Isolated brain infarction Myocardium infarction Aneurysm formation # 16 A 65-years-old patient suffered by thrombophlebitis of the deep veins of both legs has died suddenly. Autopsy was showed free lying dry friable red masses with a dull crimped surface within the truncus pulmonalis and bifurcation of the lung artery. What process within the vessels did pathologist find? @Thromboembolism Thrombosis Tissue embolism Postmortem clot Hemangioma # 17 Patient suffering from trombophlebitis of the deep veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist? Fat embolism Thrombosis Embolism with foreign body @Tromboembolism Tissue embolism # 18 A patient suffering from trombophlebitis of deep veins suddenly died. The autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by the morbid anatomist? Thrombosis Embolism with foreign body @Tromboembolism Fat embolism Tissue embolism # 19 A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development? @Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches Thrombosis of pulmonary veins Thrombosis of bronchial arteries Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries # 20 A patient with thrombophlebitis of lower extremities had got chest pains, blood spitting, growing respiratory failure that caused his death. Autopsy revealed multiple pulmonary infarctions. What is the most probable reason of their development? @Pulmonary artery embolism Pulmonary venous thrombosis Bronchial artery thrombosis Pulmonary artery thrombosis Bronchial artery embolism # 21 Following a fall down some stairs at work, a 64-year-old woman suffers a right hip fracture for which she is hospitalized. She undergoes surgery for placement of a hip prosthesis. She is recuperating from the surgery when she suddenly develops dyspnea and expires in only a few minutes despite resuscitative measures. Autopsy reveals a saddle pulmonary embolus. A 1-cm infiltrating ductal carcinoma is found in the right breast, but there are no metastases. Which of the following statements regarding death certification is most accurate in this case: @The immediate cause of death is cardiopulmonary arrest This is a therapeutic misadventure The mode (manner) of death is accident Breast carcinoma is a contributing cause of death E. Pulmonary embolism is the underlying cause of death # 22 A 62-year-old patient had a surgery due to acute appendicitis. She had been placed in a bed for 5 days. After she decided to get out of bed she experienced a shortage of air, her face became cyanotic and she lost her consciousness. After unsuccessful resuscitation the patient died. A post-mortem revealed a thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. Which of the following is most likely source of thromboembolism? @Thrombosis of veins of the lower extremity Thrombosis of a portal vein Thrombosis of mesenteric arteries Thrombosis in a left ventricle of heart Ball-shaped thrombus of an auricle # 23 A male patient died after a abdominal surgery. During the postmortem numerous thrombuses were found in the veins of the pelvis. Thromboembolic syndrome was diagnosed. Where it is necessary to search for thromboembolics? @Lungs artery Portal vein Left ventricle of heart Brain Veins of the lower extremity # 24 A 72 year old man has congestive heart failure with decreased cardiac output due to chronic left ventricle aneurysm with large mural thrombosis. All following statements concerning this state are true EXCEPT one: This state may complicated by systemic embolism The possible fatal result may associated with pulmonary embolism @The possible fatal result may associated with brain infarction The underlying cause of thrombosis is alteration of blood flow # 25 During post mortem examination of the corpse 26 year old woman who died from infectious endocarditis of aortic valve have been noted: multiple thrombotic vegetation on the semilunar aortic valves, infarction of the brain, spleen, kidney and gangrene of the right foot. In the both lung there are prominent infarction with abscess (focal suppurative inflammation) formation. Blood culture revealed Staphylococcus aureus. What condition is underlies all these complications: Systemic embolism @Systemic thrombobacterial embolism Pulmonary embolism Bacterial embolism # 26 All following statements are associated with pulmonary embolism EXCEPT one. The ultimate result depends on the calibre of Ihromboembolus The possible cause of thrombosis is phlebothrombosis of deep veins Prolonged thromboembolism leads to pulmonary hypertension @The manifestation of thromboembolism oftruncus pulmonale are multiple infarction of lung The tromboembolus obstruction of small branches of pulmonary artery results in haemorrhage infarctions # 27 A patient has a purulent otitis and thrombosis of a sigmoid sinus of a dura mater. Name the complication if thrombus breaks down and fragments circulate to distal vessels. @Thromboembolism of branches of pulmonary artery Thromboembolism of vessels of a brain with development of a grey softening of the brain Thromboembolism of vessels of a retina of an eye and development of blindness Thromboembolism of coronary arteries Local anemia # 28 A young male fractures his pelvis and femur in a motor vehicle accident. On the third day he dies after respiratory distress and cerebral dysfunction. A histological examination revealed Sudan-positive orange globules scattered within cerebral cortex, kidneys and lung microcirculatory vessels. Which are most likely diagnoses? @Fat embolism Gas embolism Tissue embolism Microbial embolism Thromboembolism # 29 A 43-year-old male, with a history of traffic accident and poly trauma, including multiple bone fractures, presented to the hospital. On the second day after the trauma, he complained of a pain in the right half of the chest, heavy breathing. At night, he died due to progressive heart and respiratory failure. Microscopic investigation revealed Sudan-positive orange drops in pulmonary and cerebral vessels that completely occlude the lumens of microcirculatory vessels. What is the most likely complication led to a patient's death? @Fat embolism. Gaseous embolism. Medicamentous embolism. Microbial embolism. Thromboembolism. # 30 The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40 year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism. @Fat Air Thrombus-embolus Tissue Foreign body # 31 A saddle- rider in a rodeo who was first crushed into the gate, then thrown from the horse, then stepped on and kicked by the horse, then dropped from the stretcher by the paramedics carrying him out of the arena, sustained right femoral and left humeral fractures. Two days later he developed respiratory difficulty, most likely due to: Vasculitis Pulmonary thromboembolism Aspiration of gastric contents @Fat embolism Pulmonary contusion # 32 A 19-year-old offensive tackle for a major university football team fractures his right femur during the first game of the season. He is admitted to the hospital and over the next several days develops progressive respiratory problems. Despite extensive medical intervention, he dies three days later. At the time of autopsy oil red O-positive material is seen in the small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Air emboli Amniotic fluid emboli @Fat emboli Paradoxical emboli Saddle emboli # 33 A 29-year-old man, who had a comminuted fracture of a right femur, presented on the third day after the event with complains of a pain in his chest, hard breathing. In a day he died because of progressive heart insufficiency. Histological examination showed sudanophylic orange drops that closed lumens of microcirculatory vessels in lungs and cerebrum. What complication is associated with the death of the man? @Fat embolism Gaseous embolism Medicine embolism Bacillary embolism Thromboembolism # 34 2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed? @Fat embolism Thromboembolism Gaseous embolism Microbal embolism Air embolism # 35 A patient with severe fracture of both femoral bones has died in a 4 hours after trauma. What additional staining of microscopic sections is it necessary to make for exacter diagnosis of the cause of death? @The lungs and brain by Sudan III The lungs and kidney by Congo-red The lungs and liver by Perl’s reaction The brain and kidney by Congo-red The kidney and heart by toluidin-blue # 36 A male patient involved in the traffic accident received a wound in the neck due to broken glass. The bleeding was small, but a short time after the accident he died of acute dyspnea. A post-mortem of the heart revealed bubbles excretion when pericardium filled with water. Indicate which pathological process took place: @Air embolism Gas embolism Fat embolism Thromboembolism Foreign body’s embolism # 37 A male suddenly died after an open fracture of the clavicle. A post-mortem revealed in the right ventricle of the heart and pulmonary arteries the foamy blood. Which one was the cause of death? @Air embolism Bacterial embolism Hemorrhage Tissue embolism Fat embolism # 38 A cosmonaut died due to the air-tightless of the space-shuttle cabin. Microscopic examination of the vessels of the internal organs revealed multiple bubbles. Liver cells developed fatty dystrophy. In the brain and spinal cord multiple small, grey, soft lesions were discovered. Indicate the most probable cause of such alterations. @Gas embolism Air embolism Fat embolism Thromboembolism Tissue embolism # 39 During a histological examination of a pilot, who died after depressurization of a plane’s cabin, a great amount of vesicles were detected in the vessels of internal organs. There were also dystrophia adiposa hepatis and multiple, small, ischemic, gray, softened focuses in cerebrum and spinal cord. Select the most possible reason of such changes. Fat embolism Aeroembolism @Gaseous embolism Thromboembolism Tissue embolism # 40 A pilot has died because of depressurization of the cabin of the airplane. In autopsy it was found out a gross marked rigor mortis, emphysema of subcutaneous tissue of the body and face. There were also edema and perivascular hemorrhages within the lungs. There was a foamy and fluid blood within the veins. The histological examination was showed a lot of bubbles within the vessels of all inner organs, a fat dystrophy of the liver and a quantity of small gray softening areas in the brain. Call the more probable cause of those changes. @Gas embolism Air embolism Tissue embolism Thromboembolism Fat embolism # 41 A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism: Paradoxical @Gaseous Tissue Air Fat # 42 On a trip to the Caribbean, a 29-year-old male takes a scuba diving course. He goes on a wreck dive to a depth of 50 meters (170 feet). His diving partner signals to him that it is time to ascend, but he continues to explore the wreck, noticing some time later than he is running low on air. He panics and ascends to the surface quickly- Within a couple of hours he then develops a headache, tightness in his chest with difficulty breathing, and generalized pain in all extremities. The mechanism for these findings is the result of: Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy Hypothermia Free radical cellular injury Apoptosis @Nitrogen bubble formation # 43 A male with a history of the decompression sickness developed symptoms of acute cerebral circulation disorder and died soon. A post-mortem revealed in the left hemisphere of the brain the locus of a grey softening of the brain, which was 6x5x3 cm. Which one is most likely to cause the death of the patient? @Gas embolism. Fat embolism. Thrombosis. Thromboembolism. Atherosclerosis of the vessels. # 44 An inexperienced scuba diver ascends from a depth of 55 meters to the surface in about 5 minutes. Shortly after surfacing he complains of severe muscle contraction and intense abdominal pain. What is most likely diagnosed? @Gas embolism Air embolism Fat embolism Thromboembolism # 45 23-year old female during the course of labour suddenly feels chills, nausea, and vomiting and profound respiratory difficulty. Medical examination revealed deep cyanosis and signs of cardiovascular shock. Few hours later the lung edemas with respiratory failure have been developed. The hypercoagulability state was diagnosed. Later they follows by hypocoagulability with massive bleeding from uterus.What are the name of this potentially fatal labour complication: Pulmonary embolism due to thrombosis of parametric veins Fat embolism due to damage of birth canal @Amniotic fluid embolism due to tear of the placental membranes Acute myocardial infarction due to systemic embolism # 46 The pregnancy for a 27-year-old woman was uncomplicated, with an ultrasound at 19 weeks gestation demonstrating no abnormalities. She goes into labour and 6 hours later has a routine vaginal delivery of a term male. An intact placenta is delivered a few minutes later. However, within a few minutes she develops severe dyspnea and cyanosis, followed by seizures and coma. The most likely explanation for this series of events is: Disseminated intravascular coagulation Metastatic choriocarcinoma Cerebral infarction @Amniotic fluid embolism Pulmonary infarction # 47 A 29 years old patient has obtained multifragmental thigh bone fracture. Three days after he gained itching in right part of thorax and difficult breathing. One day after he died in the background of progressive cardio-respiratory failure. Histological research revealed sudanophilic drops of orange colour, that clotted the lumen of microcirculatory vessels. What complication caused death of the patient? @Oil embolism Gaseous embolism Medicine embolism Bacterial embolism Thromboembolism # 48 Inflammation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of microcirculation stream, increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of oedema will appear in this case? Hydrodynamic Lymphogenic Membranogenic Colloid-osmotic @Mixed # 49 The concentration of albumins in human blood sample is lower than normal. This leads to edema of tissues. What blood function is damaged? Maintaining the body temperature @Maintaining the oncotic blood pressure Maintaining the blood sedimentation system Maintaining the Ph level All answers are correct # 50 Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case? Disregulatory @Hypooncotic Hyperosmolar Lymphogenic Membranogenic # 51 Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 34-year-old patient 3 years ago. Edema has developed in the last 6 monthes. What caused it? Hyperaldosteronism Hyperproduction of vasopressin Hyperosmolarity of plasma Disorder of albuminous kidneys function @Proteinuria # 52 A 9-year-old boy suddenly develops severe testicular pain. He is taken to the emergency room, where he is evaluated and immediately taken to surgery. There his left testis is found to be markedly hemorrhagic due to testicular torsion. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily involver in producing this type of testicular infarction? Arterial occlusion Septic implantation Decreased collateral blood flow Increased dual blood flow @Venous occlusion # 53 Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema? Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure Increase of lymph outflow Disorder of neural and humoral regulation Increase of venous outflow @Increased permeability of capillars # 54 A patient was stung by a bee. Examination results: his left hand is hot, pink and edematic, there is a big blister on the spot of the sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development? Reduced blood filling of vessels Vascular damage caused by the sting @Increased vascular permeability Reduction of osmotic pressure of tissue Reduction of oncotic pressure of tissue # 55 A 56-year-old patient with cardiac failure notices edematous feet and shins, the skin in the place of edema is pale and cold. What is the leading pathogenesis of this patient's edema? @ Increased hydrostatic pressure in venulaes Reduced oncotic pressure in capillaries Lymph outflow impairment Increased capillary penetration Positive water balance # 56 Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the production of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure? Decreased plasma oncotic pressure Widespread endothelial damage @Increased hydrostatic pressure Increased vascular permeability Acute lymphatic obstruction # 57 The patient with acute miocardial infarction was given intravenously different solutions during 8 hours with medical dropper 1500ml and oxygen intranasally. He died because of pulmonary edema. What caused the pulmonary edema? Inhalation of the oxygen Decreased oncotic pressure due to hemodilution Neurogenic reaction Allergic reaction @Volume overload of the left ventricular # 58 A patient aged 59 was hospitalised to cardiological department in a sever state, with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction of the posterior wall of the left ventricle and septum, and primary pulmonary edema. What is the primary mechanism, which causes the development of pulmonary edema in the patient? @Left ventricular failure Pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonary venous hypertension Hypoxemia Decrease of alveolocapillary diffusion of oxygen # 59 Transmural myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this state? Edema of the extremities Cyanosis @Edema of the lungs Arterial hypertension Ascites # 60 A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it? Resorption insufficiency Combined insufficiency - Dynamic insufficiency @Mechanic insufficiency # 61 A 55-year-old man with a history of ischemic heart disease has worsening congestive heart failure. He has noted increasing dyspnea and orthopnea for the past 2 months. On physical examination there is dullness to percussion at lung bases. A chest x-ray shows bilateral pleural effusions. A left thoracentesis is performed, and 500 mL of fluid is obtained. Name this fluid? Exudate @Transsudate Pus Phlegm Liquvor # 62 A 52-year-old woman with no major medical problems takes a long airplane flight. Upon arrival at Sydney's Kingsford Smith airport in New South Wales following the flight from Los Angeles, California, she cannot put her shoes back on. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon? Activation of Hageman factor has led to bradykinin production. A lot of drinks were served in the first class section. She didn't take any aspirin. A cellulitis developed in her legs. @Venous hydrostatic pressure was increased. # 63 Within minutes following a bee sting, a 37-year-old man develops marked difficulty breathing with dyspnea and wheezing. He also develops swelling and erythema seen in his arms and legs. An injection of epinephrine helps to reverse these events and he recovers within minutes. Name the type of oedema: Hydrostatic Oncotic Lymphatic @Allergic Kidneys’ # 64 A 19-year-old woman is in the early second trimester at 16 weeks gestation with her first pregnancy. On a routine prenatal visit, the nurse cannot detect fetal heart tones and an ultrasound reveals no fetal cardiac activity or fetal movement. The mother has noted no recent illness or other factors to account for this fetal demise. She is given a pharmacologic agent to induce abortion. By which of the following mechanisms is this induction most likely to be accomplished? Leukotriene-induced neutrophil aggregation Complement-induced hemolysis Histamine-induced edema @Endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation Prostaglandin-induced muscular contraction # 65 A pleural effusion is tapped in a 55-year-old man who has congestive heart failure. Upon examination of the fluid obtained, which of the following is most characteristic of a transsudate: Cloudy appearance High protein content @A few lymphocytes The presence of fibrin Larger size of the effusion # 66 Lymphatics perform all of the following functions EXCEPT: @Carry lymphocytes from lymph nodes into tissues Drain off excess tissue fluid Aid in resolution of inflammation Serve as a route for dissemination of infection Connect to lymph nodes # 67 A 40-year-old man incurs a burn injury to his hands and arms while working on a propane furnace. Over the next 3 weeks, the burned skin heals without the need for skin grafting. The most critical factor in determining whether the skin in the region of the burn will regenerate following this is the presence of which of the following factors? Good cardiac output Skin appendages Underlying connective tissue @Minimal oedema and erythema Granulation tissue # 68 A 60-year-old man who has a 90 pack year history of cigarette smoking has had a chronic cough for the past 10 years. He has begun to lose weight during the past year. No abnormal findings are noted on physical examination. He has a chest radiograph that reveals a right hilar mass. A sputum cytology shows atypical, hyperchromatic squamous cells. Name the pathological process in pleural cavity. Hydrothorax Oedema Pleuritis Haemothorax @Hilothorax # 69 On sectioning of an organ from a 60-year-old man at the time of autopsy, a focal, wedge-shaped area that is firm is accompanied by extensive hemorrhage, giving it a red appearance. The lesion has a base on the surface of the organ. In which of the following situations will this lesion most likely occur? @Lung with pulmonary thromboembolism Heart with coronary thrombosis Liver with hypovolemic shock Kidney with septic embolus Spleen with embolized mural thrombus Brain with cerebral arterial aneurysm # 70 A 59-year-old woman has the sudden onset of severe dyspnea and goes into cardiac arrest, from which she cannot be resuscitated. At autopsy, she has the gross finding of a saddle pulmonary embolus. This event is most likely to be present as a consequence of which of the following? @Placement of a hip prosthesis Marked thrombocytopenia Chronic alcoholism Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus An autoimmune disease # 71 Grandma falls down the steps leading to the entrance of the house of a relative hosting a family reunion, who is heard to remark, "I've been meaning to get that loose step fixed." Grandma is hospitalized for surgery to replace the broken hip she sustains and is then moved to a nursing home, but she is unable to ambulate until about a month later, when she dies suddenly. Which of the following is most likely to be the immediate cause of death found at autopsy? Squamous cell carcinoma of lung Tuberculosis @Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia with pneumococcus Congestive heart failure # 72 A 68-year-old woman has survived multiple episodes of pulmonary thromboembolism during the past three months. Which of the following is the most likely underlying condition leading to this patient's recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism? Micronodular cirrhosis of the liver Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Familial hypercholesterolemia @Mitral valve endocarditis Type II diabetes mellitus # 73 During hospitalization, a 40-year-old woman develops thrombophlebitis. She recovers and is discharged. She returns to her job as an electrician. A couple of months later, which of the following terms would best describe the process seen in a femoral vein after recovery from her thrombophlebitis: Acute inflammation Rupture Embolization @Organization Propagation # 74 A 52-year-old woman has a history of urinary tract infections. Recently, one of these episodes was complicated by acute pyelonephritis involving her kidneys. She became septic, and a blood culture grew Escherichia coli. She developed severe hypotension. She had purpuric areas on her skin. A stool for occult blood was positive. She had a prothrombin time of 50 sec (control 12), partial thromboplastin time of 100 sec (control 25), platelet count of 20,000/microliter, and D-dimer of 4 microgm/mL These findings are most characteristic for which of the following conditions: Hemophilia A Von Willebrand disease @Disseminated intravascular coagulation Antiphospholipid syndrome Acute fulminant hepatitis # 75 A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this edema? Lymphogenous - @Hydrodynamic Colloid osmotic Membranogenic # 76 Inflamation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of microcirculation stream, increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures can be found in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema are to be observed in this case? Membranogenic Lymphogenic @Mixed Colloid-osmotic Hydrodynamic # INFLAMMATION Exudative inflammation # 1 Choose the most correct definition of inflammation: An adaptive process for restoration structural constituents of tissue @Nonspecific complex reaction of vascularized connective tissue as a response on tissue damage Specific reaction an organism directed on detection, killing and elimination of foreign substances Pathologic process based on disturbance of tissue (cell) metabolism that leads to structural changes # 2 Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive events in the inflammation area? Proliferation of fibroblasts @Secondary alteration Primary alteration Emigration of lymphocytes Diapedesis of erythrocytes # 3 Choose 2 leading mechanism of development of edema due to acute inflammation: @Increased vascular permeability Toxic injury Lymphatic obstruction Salt retention Increase renin synthesis Increase aldosterone synthesis # 4 Choose 2 leading mechanism of development of edema due to acute inflammation: Toxic injury @Decrease oncotic pressure Lymphatic obstruction Salt retention Increase renin synthesis Increase aldosterone synthesis # 5 A 34 year old woman due to incorrect usage of iron gained acute pain, plethora and swelling on her right index. Few minutes later a bladder occurred, filled with transparent of yellow colour. What kind of pathological process is this? @Exudative inflammation Traumatic oedema Alterative inflammation Proliferative inflammation Vacuole dystrophy # 6 A 40-year-old woman, with a history of the right palm's burn, presented to her physician an acute pain, reddening and swelling of a palm. In a few "minutes there was a bubble, filled with transparent yellowish liquid. The display of what pathological process the described changes are? @Exudative inflammation Traumatic edema Alterative inflammation Proliferative inflammation Vacuolar dystrophy # 7 A man complains of itch and redness of the skin in the buccal area that appeared after shaving. Vesicles, which are filled with bright fluid, can be observed on the hyperemia buccal area. What kind of fluid is in vesicles? Haemorrhagic exudate Transudate Purulent exudate Mucous exudate @Serous exudate # 8 A 15-year-old girl has had episodes of sneezing with watery eyes and runny nose for the past 2 weeks. On physical examination she has red, swollen nasal mucosal surfaces. She has had similar episodes each Spring and Summer when the amount of ragweed pollen in the air is high. To which kind of inflammation her symptoms are most likely to be? @Serous Fibrinous Haemorrhagic Putulent Mixed # 9 In some minutes after bite of the bee. There were swelling, redness, local increase of the temperature, pain. What morfological process is the base of this changes? @Serouse inflammation Dystrophy and necrosis Proliferative inflammation Transsudation Haemorrhagic inflammation # 10 A 43-years-old patient has a burn of right hand. The exfoliation of epidermis and formation of bubbles filled by semi-transparent fluid is manifested in the palm and the back surface of the hand. What kind of inflammation occurs in that case? @Serous Purulent Fibrinous Putrefactive Catarrhal # 11 A woman, with a history of her hands' skin thermal burn, presented to physician painful blisters, filled with opaque liquid. What is the most likely type of inflammation? @ Serous inflammation Productive inflammation Croupous inflammation Granulomatous inflammation Diphtheritic inflammation # 12 A patient presented to the hospital with combustion of his right hand. A physical examination revealed a desquamation of epidermis with blisters formation. The blisters were filled with opaque liquid. What most probable inflammation described in that case? @ Serous Purulent Catarrhal Putrefactive Fibrinous # 13 Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that his heart was slightly enlarged, pastous, myocardium was dull and had specks. Microscopical examination of myocardium revealed signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic dystrophy; stroma was edematic with poor macrophagal and lymphocytic infiltration, vessels were plethoric; perivascular analysis revealed petechial hemorrhages. What type of myocarditis was developed in this case? Granulomatous Purulent Interstitial proliferative @Serous diffuse Serous focal # 14 At study of a blood smear of the person with presence of inflammatory process it is possible to see a great number of spherical cells with a segmented nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm and shallow pink-violet granules in the cytoplasm. What blood cells are these? @Neutrophils Erythrocytes Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes # 15 All following substances are leukocytes attractants (chemotactic agents) EXCEPT: Bacterial products Components of complement system Antivirus antybody IgG @Arachidonic acid metabolites # 16 Choose the best explanation of neutrophilic leukoeytes predominance in the composition of inflammatory exudate: @Presence of effective systems of enzyme lysis Ability to endocytobiosis Speed of moving Presence of certain receptors on the surface of membrane Ability to create pseudopodia # 17 Opsonins that aid in recognition and attachment of leukocytes to bacteria include all of the following features EXCEPT: They may be derived from the C3b fragment of serum complement. The leukocytes have an Fc receptor. Binding of Opsonins triggers engulfinent @Leukocyte adhesion molecules are needed. Immunoglobulin G plays a role. # 18 A small sliver of wood becomes embedded in the finger of a 25-year-old man. He does not remove it, and over the next 3 days the area around the sliver becomes red, swollen, and tender. Neutrophils migrate into the injured tissue. What kind of inflammation is this one? Serous Fibrinous Haemorrhagic @Putulent Mixed # 19 An autopsy of a dead body revealed 200 ml of a viscid yellow-green liquid in the abdominal cavity. What is the most likely form of exudate inflammation? @ Purulent inflammation Serous inflammation Fibrinous inflammation. Hemorrhagic inflammation. Ichorous inflammation # 20 A 45-year-old man has had a fever and dry cough for 3 days, and now has difficulty breathing and a cough productive of sputum. On physical examination his temperature is 38.5 C. Diffuse rales are auscultated over lower lung fields. A chest radiograph shows a right pleural effusion. A right thoracentesis is performed. The fluid obtained has a cloudy appearance with a cell count showing 5500 leukocytes per microliter, 98% of which are neutrophils. Which of the following terms best describes his pleural process? Serous inflammation @Purulent inflammation Fibrinous inflammation Chronic inflammation Granulomatous inflammation # 21 During the operation of revision of the abdominal cavity a surgeon noticed, that the leaves of the peritoneum on the entire area are diffusely bulged, plethoric and dingy. 500 ml of muddy yellow-green liquid was detected in the abdominal cavity. This morphology describes: @Empyema Phlegmon Abscess Incrust Purulent-hemorrhagical inflammation # 22 A 37-year-old male presents with a fever, dyspnea and pain in the right part of the chest. The pleurocentesis gave 700 mis of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What pathological process was diagnosed in a pleural cavity? @Empyema of pleura Bronchopneumonia Serous pleuritis Hemorrhagic pleuritis Carcinomatosis of pleura # 23 A patient has high body temperature, breathlessness, pain in his right part of thorax. During pleural puncture there was 700ml of cream-like, yellowish-green coloured liquid extracted. What is the most probable diagnosis? @Pleural empyema Pleural carcinomatosis Serous pleuritis Fibrinous pleuritis Haemorrhagic pleuritis # 24 An autopsy of a 53-year-old male, with a history of crupous pneumonia, revealed in his dextral pleural cavity 900 ml of cloudy, grey-yellowish colored liquid. Pleural membranes were found to be dim and plethoric. Name the clinical -morphological form of the inflammation in the pleural cavity? @ Empyema. Fibrinous inflammation. Phlegmon. Chronic abscess. Acute abscess. # 25 A female patient presented to the hospital with a fever, asphyxia and pain in the right part of her chest. During a pleurocentesis procedure 700 ml of a viscid yellow-green liquid was removed. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Empyema of a pleura Carcinomatosis of a pleura Serous pleurisy Fibrinous pleurisy Hemorrhagic pleurisy # 26 The patient complains of a high temperature, dyspnoae, and pain in the right part of the thorax. During the pleural puncture, 700 ml of yellow-green colored creamy fluid was evacuated. Make the right diagnosis. Hemorrhagic pleurisy Carcinomatosis of the pleura Serous pleurisy Fibrinous pleurisy @Pleural empyema # 27 Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves are dull, plephori c. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity: Fibrinous inflammation Chronic abscess Acute abscess @Empyema Phlegmon # 28 Thoracentesis is performed on a 45-year-old man who has had a fever and cough for several days, and now has more difficulty breathing and a cough productive of sputum. A right pleural effusion is seen by chest radiograph. The fluid obtained has a cloudy appearance with a cell count showing 5500 leukocytes per microliter, 98% of which are neutrophils. The best description of the pleural process is: Serous inflammation @Purulent inflammation Fibrinous inflammation Chronic inflammation Granuloreatous inflammation # 29 A 68-year-old man died from meningitis. An autopsy revealed thickened, congested, dim, edematous meninges (pia maters), which were saturated by creamy greenish-yellow exudate. Define the type of inflammation? @Purulent Serous Fibrinous croupous Fibrinous diphtheritic Hemorrhagic # 30 A 4-year-old child presented to his physician with a cold, high temperature, nausea and vomiting. He was hospitalized and died in two days. An autopsy revealed thickened, dim, edematous, congested, greenish-yellow pia mater of meninges. What variety of exudative inflammation developed in pia maters? @Purulent Catarrhal Hemorrhagic Fibrinous Serous # 31 A post-mortem of young male revealed congested, thickened, opaque, yellowish-green meninges. What type of exudative inflammation these changes are characteristic for? @ Purulent inflammation Serous inflammation Hemorrhagic inflammation Fibrinous inflammation Catarrhal inflammation # 32 A 9 year old child suddenly fell ill and died. An autopsy has revealed a cerebral swelling, cerebral covers are intensively plethoric and saturated with viscous dull yellowish-green exudate. What kind of pathological process is this? @Purulent inflammation Serous inflammation Fibrinous inflammation Haemorrhagic inflammation Mixed inflammation # 33 A patient died with symptoms of the brain's edema and the dislocation of the stem. A post-mortem revealed thickened, opaque, grayish-green color pia mater. Which pathological process took place in pia mater of meninges? @Diffuse purulent leptomeningitis Meningococcal leptomeningitis Tuberculous leptomeningitis Malignant arachnoendofhelioma Hydrocephalus # 34 An elderly man presented with a decomposition of some segments of spongy and cortical layers of an anticnemion bones. The cavities are filled with creamy greenish-yellow masses. What is the type of inflammation? @Purulent Catarrhal Serous Proliferative Mixed # 35 Several areas of spongy and cortex layers of tibia are decaying. Cavities are filled with cream-like masses of greenish-yellow colour. What is the most probable form of inflammation? @Purulent Catarrhal Serous Proliferative Mixed # 36 A patient with periodontitis has his subcutaneous fat cellulose of bottom of oral cavity is diffusely soaked with greenish-yellow viscous liquid. What kind of exudative inflammation is this? @Purulent Serous Catarrhal Haemorrhagic Fibrinous # 37 Autopsy of a man who died from sepsis revealed a phlegmonous inflammation in the femoral bone of lower extremity. The inflammation was seen in the bone marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. There were also multiple abscesses underneath the periosteum; the surrounding soft tissues of the thigh were also affected by the phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process is it? Osteopetrosis Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis Osteoporosis @Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis - # 38 The patient complains of local pain in the back of the head, increasing of the temperature in that area. Macroscopically: there is a conical infiltrate of purple-blue colour with yellow-greenish apex, which protrudes under the surface of the skin. Diagnose it: @Furuncle Phlegmon Abscess Fistula Empyema # 39 A 44-year-old man presented to the policlinic with a local pain in occipital area of a head and rise of a body temperature there. Gross investigation of a lesion zone revealed the cone-shaped cyanotic infiltration with a yellow-greenish apex, which rose above the surface of skin. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Furuncle Phlegmon Abscess Carbuncle Empyema. # 40 Appendix, sent to the pathological department after appendectomia, is intumescenced and enlarged in seizes, serous mucous membrane is dingy, vessels are plethoric, yellow-green fluid discharges from the lumen of the appendix on the cut. In which form of the appendicitis do such changes develop? @Phlegmonous appendicitis Apostematous appendicitis Simple catarrhal appendicitis Superficial catarrhal appendicitis Gangrenous appendicitis # 41 To a histological research there was sent a removed appendix vermiformis. Its size is enlarged, serous tunic is dull, plethoric and is covered by films of fibrin; walls are thickened, on incision there is pus coming out of it. Name the form of appendicitis. @Phlegmonous Apostematous Simple Superficial Gangrenous # 42 A pathology-histology laboratory received a vermiform appendix up to 2,0 cm thick. Its serous membrane was pale, thick and covered with yellowish-green films. The wall was flaccid, of grayish-red colour. The appendix lumen was dilated and filled with yellowish-green substanc e. Histological examination revealed that the appendix wall was infiltrated with neutrophils. Specify the appendix disease: Acute superficial appendicitis Acute simple appendicitis Acute gangrenous appendicitis Chronic appendicitis @Acute phlegmonous appendicitis # 43 An operatively removed appendix was sent for histological examination. Macroscopical investigation revealed thickened appendix. His serous membrane was dim, congested, with whitish, loose membranes; the lumen contained turbid, whitish-yellow exudate. Histological study showed the diffuse neutrophil's infiltration of the appendix wall. Choose the most likely type of appendicitis. @Phlegmonous Gangrenous Simple Superficial Chronic # 44 An operatively removed appendix was sent to pathology department. Macroscopical investigation revealed markedly enlarged appendix. His serous membrane was dim, congested, covered by fibrin's membranes. The appendix' walls were thickened. On a cut section pus in the lumen was detected. Microscopical investigation showed a plethora of vessels, edema of all appendixes' layers and diffuses infiltration by leucocytes. What is the type of inflammation? @Phlegmonous Apostematous Simple Superficial Gangrenous # 45 A 22-year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past day. On physical examination there is rebound tenderness. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils. Name the type of inflammation: Serous Fibrinous @Purulent Cataral Mucous # 46 A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here? Basophils Monocytes Limphocytes Eosinophils @ Neutrophils # 47 Microscopical examination of a removed appendix revealed an edema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed? Phlegmonous @Ulcerophlegmonous Gangrenous Superficial Apostematous # 48 An elderly man, with a history of an operation, presented with a sepsis, developed on a background of a decreased immune reactivity of an organism. A disease resulted in fatal outcome. Microscopical investigation of the abdominal wall revealed the diffuse segmentonuclear leukocyte's infiltration of intermuscular spaces, edema of a tissue and lysis of muscle fibers. Define the type of inflammation? @ Phlegmon. Diphtheroid inflammation. Abscess. Necrosis. Catarrhal inflammation. # 49 A 13-years-old child was admitted into the hospital with complaints of fever, weakness, and intense pain in the right thigh. From anamnesis it was defined that he has bitten by dog 3 days ago. During the visual examination it was found out redness, swelling and acute painfulness along right thigh. After excision it was made the histological examination, which was showed a considerable accumulations of polymorphonucleus leukocytes between the mussel fibers partly undergone by purulent fusion. Diagnose that condition. @Phlegmon Abscess Gangrene Empyema Croupous inflammation # 50 After an operative treatment of a patient (burn disease), in a condition of severe the organism reactivity decreasing, a progressive sepsis led to his death. Microscopically: in the area of the anterior abdominal wall the diffuse infiltration by segmented leucocytes of the intramuscularly interval was observed. There were also tissue edema and lyses of muscle fibrils. Define the kind of inflammation. Diphtheritic @Phlegmon Abscess Necrosis Catarrhal # 51 A 24-year-old primigravida is late in the second trimester of pregnancy. She experiences the sudden onset of some cramping lower abdominal pain. This is immediately followed by passage of some clear fluid per vagina along with a foul-smelling discharge. The fetus is stillborn two days later. Examination of the placenta demonstrates extensive neutrophilic infiltrates in the chorion and amnion. Which kind of inflammation is presented in plasenta? Serous Fibrinous Haemorrhagic @Purulent Mixed # 52 A 22-year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over the past day. On physical examination there is rebound tenderness on palpation over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils. Name the tape of inflammation. Serous Diphteroid Croupous @Phlegmonous Haemorrhagic # 53 A 20-year-old man has experienced painful urination for 4 days following spring break. A urethritis is suspected, and Neisseria gonorrheae is cultured. Numerous neutrophils are present in a smear of the exudate from the penile urethra. Name the tape of inflammation. Serous Fibrinous Haemorrhagic @Purulent Mixed # 54 A clinical study is peformed of patients with pharyngeal infections. The most typical clinical course averages 3 days from the time of onset until the patient sees the physician. Most of these patients experienced fever and chills. On physical examination, the most common finding is a pharyngeal exudate with great amount of neutrophills. Which of the following types of inflammation did these patients most likely have? Granulomatous inflammation @Acute purulent inflammation Abscess formation Resolution of inflammation Chronic inflammation # 55 A patient with burn disease died due to progressive septicaemia. The autopsy in the anterior abdominal wall by means of microscopic examination revealed diffuse infiltration of intermuscular spaces by segmentonuclear leukocytes, tissues edema and lysis of muscular fibres. Determine the nature of the pathological process. Abscess Catarrhal inflammation Diphtheritic inflammation @Phlegmon Necrosis # 56 A 40-year-old woman has had a chronic cough with fever and weight loss for the past month. A chest radiograph reveals multiple nodules from 1 to 4 cm in size, some of which demonstrate cavitation in the upper lobes. A sputum sample reveals the presence of acid fast bacilli. Which of the following cells is the most important in the development her lung lesions? Macrophage Fibroblast @Neutrophil Mast cell Platelet # 57 The sponge and cortical layers of tibia are on different areas at the stage of destruction. Cavities, that have already appeared, are filled with creamy mass of green-yellow color. What is the most possible form of inflammation? @Suppurative inflammation Catarrhal inflammation Serous inflammation Proliferous inflammation Mixed inflammation # 58 A 90-year-old woman has developed a fever and cough over the past 2 days. Staphylococcus aureus is cultured from her sputum. She receives a course of antibiotic therapy. Two weeks later she no longer has a productive cough, but she still has a fever. A chest radiograph reveals a 3 cm rounded density in the right lower lobe whose liquefied contents form a central air-fluid level. There are no surrounding infiltrates. Which of the following is the best description for this outcome of her pneumonia? Hypertrophic scar @Abscess formation Regeneration Bronchogenic carcinoma Progression to chronic inflammation # 59 A 24-year-old woman presents with increasing pain and swelling in the posterior region of her neck. Physical examination finds a red, hot, swollen area measuring approximately 1 cm in greatest dimension. The skin is intact in this area, but surgical exploration finds a cavity that is filled with purulent material. Cultures from this material grow Staphylococcus aureus. Histologic section reveal liquefactive necrosis filled with numerous neutrophils and necrotic tissue. These histologic finding best describe which one of the following pathological processes? @Abscess formation Epithelial erosion Fibrinous inflammation Serous inflammation Ulcer formation # 60 An autopsy of the 58-year-old man, revealed in his liver a focus of tissue destruction, 4 cm in diameter, filled with a yellow-green liquid. What is the most likely diagnose? @Abscess Phlegmon nthrax Empyema Granuloma # 61 A 49-year-old man, with 14 days history of acute lobar staphylococcal pneumonia in the left lower lobe of a lung, died of pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency. A post-mortem revealed in the upper lobe of a right lung an oval cavity, approximately 5 cm in diameter, filled with pus and connected with bronchus. Which complication of acute pneumonia took place in this case? @Abscess of the lung Gangrene of the lung Thromboembolia of a pulmonary trunk Bronchiectasis disease Acute bronchitis # 62 An autopsy of an elderly male revealed a cavity with compacted walls filled with a thick, greenish liquid, which had a stinking odor. What is the most likely disease? @ Abscess of the lung. Gangrene of the lung. Infarct of the lung. Cavern of the lung. Tuberculoma of the lung. # 63 During the section of a 47-year-old man, who died of pulmonary-heart failure, there in the left lung was determined a cavity (4x4 cm), filled with the pus. The wall was uneven, presented by the pulmonary tissue. Make a diagnosis. Echinococcosis Chronic abscess Cavernous tuberculosis @Acute abscess Fibrous alveolitis # 64 Patient with purulent recidiving othitis died from the brain’s swelling with pressing of cerebellum into foramen occipitalis magnum. On the autopsy in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere a cavity with rough edges is detected. It is filled with muddy milk-like liquor of yellow-green colour. This morphology witnesses about the @Acute abscess Grey malacia Phlegmon Empyema Chronic abscess # 65 A 50-year-old male died of a pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency. An autopsy revealed in a left lung a 4 x 4 cm cavity, filled with pus. The wall of a cavity had a rough pattern, presented by pulmonary tissue. What is the most likely diagnose? @ Acute abscess Chronic abscess Cavernous tuberculosis Hydatidosis Fibrosing alveolitis # 66 A 40 year old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6х5,5 and 5х4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it? Chronic abscesses Cysts Empyema Colliquative necroses @Acute abscesses # 67 After surgical removal of cavernous neoplasm of liver pathological research was executed. Its wall is made of thick reticular conjunctive and granular tissue, the cavity itself contains viscous, dim liquid with an unpleasant smell. Most part of its content is presented by polymorphous leucocytes. Name the pathological process. Acute abscess @Chronic abscess Phlegmona of liver Single-chamber echinococcus Simple liver cyst # 68 Surgeon removed cavity formation of the liver. The wall of the cavity was lined by uneven lager of septic necrotic granulation tissue wich changes into fibrouse tissue at its periphery, midzone containing pus. Your diagnosis. @Chronic abscess Plegmon Acute abscess Catarral purulent inflammation Hemorrhagic inflammation # 69 A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable? Aspergillosis Sporotrichosis Coccidioidomycosis Candidosis @Actinomycosis # 70 Colonoscopy of a patient ill with dysentery revealed that mucous membrane of his large intestine is hyperemic, edematic; its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the morphological form of dysenteric collitis: Purulent Catarrhal Necrotic @Fibrinous Ulcerous # 71 A macroscopic investigation of trachea revealed a dim, hyperemic mucosa, covered with grey - white membranes. Which one is the most likely form of the inflammation? @Fibrinous Purulent Serous Proliferative Mixed Exudative focal. # 72 |