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Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected? Fibroblasts and labrocytes Adipocytes and adventitious cells Macrophages and fibroblasts @Plasmocytes and lymphocytes Pigmentocytes and pericytes # 60 The bacteria are phagcyted by macrophages after penetration into the organism. Which role is played the macrophages in cooperation of immunocompetent cells at the first stage of the immune answer formation? @Provide processing and presentation of antigen T-helpers. Activate T-killers. Activate NK-cells. Produce immunoglobulins. Provide processing and presentation of an antigen to T-killers. # 61 A 4-year-old girl is being evaluated for multiple recurrent bacterial infections, especially with S. aureus. Pertinent clinical history also includes a history of delayed separation of her umbilical cord following birth and severe pereodontitis. Laboratory tests reveal her peripheral blood leukocyte count to be elevated, even when no infection is present. Further work-up finds a familial deficiency of CD18. Which of following is the most likely diagnosis? Cyclic neutropenia DiGeorge syndrome @Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Myeloperoxidase deficiency Shwachman-Diamond syndrome # 62 A 4-year-old boy presents with progressive trouble breathing over the past couple of hours. Physical examination finds a young boy in moderate respiratory distress with inflamed and edematous regions involving his epiglottis and uvula. Material from his inflamed epiglottis is cultured and grows colonies of Hemophilus influenzae. This bacterium has increased amounts of sialic acid, which can inhibit the alternate complement system. That is, organisms with increased amounts of sialic acid, such as Streptococcus pneumonia, H. influenzae, and Neisseria meningitides, need to be killed by the classic complement pathway. Which of the following substances is most likely to activate the classic complement pathway? Aggregated IgA Aggregated IgD C3 nephritic factor IgE bound to antigen @IgG bound to antigen # 63 An acute pharyngitis is diagnosed in a previously healthy 12-year-old girl. A throat culture grows group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The pharyngitis resolves, but three weeks later she develops chest pain along with fever and malaise. The girl describes aching of her knees, hips, shoulders, and elbows. Multiple subcutaneous skin nodules are noted on physical examination, and she exhibits slight shaking movements other head and neck. Her antistreptolysin-0 and anti-DNAse B liters are elevated. Her creatine kinase MB fraction is elevated. These findings are most likely the result of which of the following immunologic mechanisms: Bypass of low-zone tolerance through cross-reactivity @Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in multiple tissue Formation of an antibody to immune complexes Exposure of a previously sequestered antigen Interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental insults # 64 The acquired defect of immune system - infringement of activation of system of a complement on a classical way on a background of the sufficient contents of the components of the system is diagnosed at the patient. The presence of defect antibodies formation is suspected. The decrease of the contents in which organism of antibodies is possible to expect first of all? @Ig M, IgG Ig A, IgG Ig D, IgG Ig E, IgG Ig M, Ig A # 65 An appropriate, useful type 1 hypersensitivity response of the immune system, accompanied by eosinophilia, would be directed against: Amyloid protein Spirochetes Neoplasms Inhaleddusts @Liver flukes # 66 The experiment animal with a history of previous sensibilization received the next subcutaneous dose of antigen. In the place of injection a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessels walls, matrix and fiber structures of connective tissue (mucoid and fibrinoid swelling) and fibrinoid necrosis developed. What immunological reaction takes place? @ Hypersensitivity reaction immediate type Hypersensitivity reaction slow type Reaction of transplantation immunity Normergic reaction Granulomatosis # 67 An experimental animal was first sensibilized whereupon an antigen dose was introduced subcutaneously. This injection resulted in the development of a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessel walls, basal substance and fibrous structures of connective tissue in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis. What immunological reaction took place? @Immediate hypersensitivity Reaction of transplantation immunity Delayed-type hypersensitivity Normergic reaction Granulomatosis # 68 An experimental animal after sensibilization was subcutaneously injected a doze of antigen. In the place of injection fibrinous inflammation has developed, along with vessel wall alteration and mixomatous and fibrinoid swelling, fibrinoid necrosis of conjunctive tissue. What kind of immunological reaction is this? @Immediate hypersensitivity Slow hypersensitivity Transplantational immune reaction Normoergic reaction Granulematosis # 69 A patient with paroxysmal attacks of asphyxia, which appear after inhalation of different aromatic substances has been made a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Ig E rate is elevated. What type of reaction is it the most typical for? @Anaphylactic Delayed type of hypersensitivity Autoimmune Cytotoxic Immunocomplex # 70 Atopical bronchial asthma is diagnosed at the patient with periodic attacks of a dyspnea which arise at inhalation of the different aromatic substances. The augmentation Ig E is diagnosed. Of which type of reactions is it typical? @Anaphylactic reactions Cytotoxic reactions Immunocomplex reactions Delayed hypersensitivity Autoimmune reactions # 71 A surgeon used novocaine as an anaesthetic during surgical manipulations. 10 minutes after it the patient became pale, he got dyspnea and hypotension. What type of allergic reaction is it? @Anaphylactic Cell-mediated Cytotoxic Stimulating Immune complex # 72 A child strung by a honeybee developes respiratory failure and vascular collapse within minutes and goes into shock. The reaction is caused by which of the following factors: @IgE IgG Macrophages Sensitized T cells IgM # 73 A 27- year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing of BP. What antibodies take part in the development of this allergic reaction? IgA and IgM IgM and IgG IgM and IgD IgG and IgD @IgE and IgG # 74 The infiltration anesthesia by ultracain with adrenaline solution has been done to a young man. Then redness, edema of the skin with itchy blisters suddenly developed. What type of hypersensitivity took place? @ Anaphylaxis Cytotoxicity Immune complex damage Hypersensitivity slow type Granulomatosis # 75 During the treatment of a 39-year-old patient with purulent pulpitis, he was made an infiltrative anesthesia with solution of Ultracaine with Adrenaline. Suddenly hyperemia, skin edema with blisters and itching appeared. What kind of hypersensivity does the patient have? Cytotoxic @Anaphylactic Immunocomplex damage Delayed hypersensivity Granulomatous # 76 A woman complaining of coryza, phonastenia, eyelids redness and lacrymation during spring period came to the doctor. What type of allergic reaction by Gell ano Coombs classification develops in this case? Delayed type of hypersensitivity Immunocomplex Stimulating Cytotoxic @Anaphylactic # 77 During the histological examination of a man, who had asthma for many years and died of suffocation, a great amount of mucus with eosinophiles was detected in the lumen of bronchioles and small bronchial tubes. There were also sclerosis of interalveolar septa and dilatation of alveolar lumen. What mechanism of hypersensivity reaction is meant? Granulomatous Cytotoxic reaction Immunocomplex reaction Cytolysis, caused by lymphocytes @Reaginic reaction # 78 A man with a history of bronchial asthma died of asphyxia. Microscopical investigation of lungs revealed excess of mucus with lots of eosinophils in the bronchial lumen, sclerosis of interalveolar septas and alveoli dilatation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction presented in that case? @Reagin reaction Cytotoxic reaction Immune complex reaction Cytolysis, conditioned by lymphocytes Granulomatosis # 79 A man died because of acute gasp. He has been suffering from bronchial asthma for a long time. Histological research of lung tissue: in the lumen of small bronchi and bronchioles there is a large amount of mucus with eosinophilic infiltration, intraalveolar walls sclerosis, alveolar dilatation. What is the mechanism of this hypersensitivity reaction? @Reagine reaction Cytotoxic reaction Immune complex reaction Lymphocyte mediated cytolysis Granulematosis # 80 A female patient suffering from bronchial asthma had got a viral infection that provoked status asthmaticus with fatal outcome. Histological examination of lungs revealed spasm and edema of bronchioles, apparent infiltration of their walls with lymphocytes, eosinophils and other leukocytes; labrocyte degranulation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity underlies the described alterations? Immune complex @Reagin reaction Autoimmune Immune cytolysis Inflammatory # 81 A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it? @Atopy Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies Granulomatosis Immunocomplex mechanism Cellular cytolysis # 82 A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi's lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi's wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi: Granulematosis Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies Immune complex mechanism Cell-mediated cytolysis @Atopy, anaphylaxis # 83 The sensibilization by the allergen of poplar down had been established with the help of cutaneous allergic assay at the patient with a bronchial asthma. Which factor of immune system plays a main role in development of it immunopathological conditions? @IgE IgD IgM. Sensitized T-lymphocytes. IgG. # 84 A 48-year-old women with asthma presents with viral respiratory infection. The infection caused a status asthmaticus with a fatal outcome. Histological investigation of lung tissue revealed a contracted bronchus and a luminal plug containing mucus and cell debris. The submucosa was edematous and contained a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, including a lot of eosinophils and degranulated must cells. What is the mechanism of hypersensitivity presented in this case? @Humoral immunity (Type I, anaphylactic reaction) Inflammatory reaction Autoimmune reaction Immune complex reaction (Type III of reaction) Cell-mediated immunity (Type IV of reaction) # 85 A 4 year old child was performed Mantou test. After 60 hours on the place of injection a nidus thickening and plethora appeared, and was interpreted as positive result. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is the basis of the Mantou test? @Slow hypersensitivity reaction Immune complex-mediated Complement-mediated cytotoxic Immediate hypersensitivity reaction Reagine reaction # 86 During the histological examination of a biopsy material from a left auricle of the heart was detected a rheumatic granuloma. It had developed from the focus of fibrinoid necrosis that was surrounded by basophile macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and single plasmocytes. Name the possible type of inflammatory reaction on the immune base. @Delayed hypersensivity reaction Normergic type Immediate hypersensivity reaction Congenital immunodeficiency Acquired immunodeficiency # 87 Which type of hypersensitivity reactions is responsible for hemolytic anemia of newborns caused by Rh incompatibility in Rh- negative mother and Rh-positive fetus? @Cytotoxic type 2 Atopic local reaction Immune complexes type 3 Anaphylactic type 1 Delayed hypersensitivity # 88 Hemotransfusion stimulated development of intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. The patient has the following type of hypersensitivity: IV type hypersensitivity (cellular cytotoxicity) @II type hypersensitivity (antibody-dependent) I type hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) V type hypersensitivity (granulomatosis) III type hypersensitivity (immune complex) # 89 A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions? Inflammation modulators Hormones Antibiotics Serum proteins @Modified receptors of cell membranes # 90 A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease? Cytotoxic Anaphylactic Stimulating @Delayed type hypersensitivity Immunocomplex # 91 Several weeks following a pharyngitis in which the throat culture grew group A lieinolytic streptococcus; a child is noted to liavc hematuria on urmalysis. An immunofluoresence-staining pattern in a renal liiopsy shows granular deposition of IgG and complement around glomerular capillary loops. Which of the following immune liypersensitivity mechanisms is most likely responsible for this pattern of findings? Type I Type II @Type III Type IV # 92 A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed? III V II I @ІV # 93 A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long tim E. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed? @IV type (cellular cytotoxicity) Granulomatosis II type (antibody cytotoxicity) I type (reaginic) III type (immune complex cytotoxicity) # 94 A 15 year old boy died of the heart failure. He had a history of rheumatic heart disease in his medical record. Histological investigation of the left auricle of the heart revealed the rheumatic granuloma (the Aschoff-Talalayev body) with a central fibrinous focus associated, with a perimeter plasma cells, macrophages and giant cells. Which of following best describe the type of immune response? @Cell mediated (Type IV, delayed hyper sensitivity reaction) Anaphylactic (Type I, immediate) Cytolytic (Type II, immediate) Immune complex (Type III, immediate) Reaction of transplant rejection. # 95 A 48-year-old man has a chronic cough with lever that has persisted for several months. I lie chest radiograph reveals a diffuse icliculonodular pattern. Microscopically on iransbronchial biopsy there are focal areas of inflammation containing epithelioid inncrophages, Langhans giant cells, and lyinphocytes. These findings are most typical for which of the following immunologic responses: Type I hypersensitivity Type II hypersensitivity Graft versus host disease Polyclonal B-cell activation @Type IV hypersensitivity # 96 At 46-year-old patient with autoimmune gastritis a biopsy was taken. Histologically, there was an infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages of a gastric mucous membrane. What type of hypersensitivity presented in that case? @Type IY (cell-mediated hypersensitivity) Type II (reagin type) Type II (antibody-mediated cytotoxicity) Type III (immune complex cytotoxicity) Type V (granulomatous) # 97 A child had a subcutaneous injection of tuberculin for a testing. Twenty-four hours later a physical examination revealed the expressed hyperemia and induration of tissues in the place of injection. What was the mechanism of these changes? @Cellular cytotoxicity Reagin cytotoxicity Antibody cytotoxicity Granulomas formation Immune complex # 98 Tuberculine was injected intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications? @Cells cytotoxity Reagin type cytotoxity Granuloma formation Immunocomplex cytotoxity Antibody cytotoxity # 99 Tuberculine was injected intraperitoneally to the animal sensibilized with tuberculine. Venous hyperemia and peritonial edema were detected on the laparotomy in 24 hours. Increased amount of lymphocytes and monocytes were in the smear-print from the peritonium. What pathological process is in the animal? Suppurative inflammation Fibrinous inflammation Serous inflammation Aseptic inflammation @Allergic inflammation # 100 The Mantoux test has been made to the sick child with the suspicion on a tuberculosis. The tumescence, a hyperemia and morbidity has appeared in the place of insertion of the allergen in 24 hours. Which basic components are determine this reaction of the organism? @Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and Ig G. Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines B-lymphocytes, Ig M Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes # 101 Skin tuberculin test was carried out to a patient with chronic lung tuberculosis. Restricted hyperemia and edema appeared in the site of inracutaneous introduction of tuberculin preparation during 24-48 hours. What cells are primary effectors in this mechanism reaction? @T-lymphocytes Neutrophils B-lymphocytes Endotheliocytes Smooth muscle cells of microvessels # 102 A patient develops induration in skin-test with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis within 48 hours. Histologically, what kinds of cells can be found in the inoculation site? @Helper T cells and macrophages B cells Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils # 103 48 hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes? Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity Granulomatosis Immune complex cytotoxicity @Cellular cytotoxicity Anaphylaxis # 104 The Mantoux test (with a tuberculin) was put at the child of 10 years. The papule in the size up to 8 mm in diameter has appeared in 48 hours on a place of injection of the tuberculin. Which type of hypersensitivity has developed after introduction of a tuberculin? @Hypersensitivity of IV type. Artuse type phenomenon. Serum disease. Atopical reaction. Hypersensitivity of II type. # 105 A 4-year-old child was made a Mantoux reaction. In 60 hours after the administration of tuberculin subcutaneously a focal callosity and hyperemia of skin (diameter 15 mm) appeared. This was marked as positive test. What kind of hypersensivity reaction is the test based on? Complement-mediate cytotoxic reaction Immune complex-mediate hypersensivity reaction @Delayed hypersensivity reaction Immediate hypersensivity reaction Reagin reaction # 106 The first grade pupils went through a medical examination aimed at selection of children needing tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied? Supracutaneous tularin test Burne test Anthracene test Schick test @Mantoux test # 107 A positive tuberculin skin test, with a firm 15-mm diameter dark red firm area of induration on the forearm, which appeared 60 hours following injection of the PPD, mainly takes place as a consequence of: Type I hypersensitivity Type II hypersensitivity Type III hypersensitivity @Type IV hypersensitivity Complement activation # 108 A 6-year-old child had the Mantoux test. In 3 days there was an inflammatory induration and a reddening of a skin 15 mm in diameter. That was considered as the positive test. What type of hypersensitivity reaction presented in that case? @Hypersensitivity of slow type Immune complex hypersensitivity Complement-mediated cytotoxicity Hypersensitivity immediate type - # 109 Allergic diagnostic tests are used for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases (tuberculosis, brucelosis, tularemia etc). Papula and redness in the place of the allergen injection appear, if diagnose was confirmed. Antigens interaction reaction is conditioned by: @T-lymphocytes and lymphokines IgE and lymphokines IgM and macrophages IgE and T-lymphocytes IgM and tissue basophiles # 110 While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean? Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis @Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis # 111 The positive cutaneous Burne.s assay is observed at patients with the brucellosis. Which factor of immune system plays a main role in development of inflammatory reaction in a place of insertion of the brucellin to these patients? @Sensitized T-lymphocytes. IgM IgE IgG. IgD. # 112 The boy of 1,5 years who did not receive scheduled inoculations, contacted to the patient with the measles. The donor gammaglobulin has been inserted to the child with the purpose of emergency specific prophylaxis. What kind of immunity has been created thus? @Passive Natural Antitoxic Postvaccinal Local # 113 A patient with a history of serious radioactive irradiation had bone marrow transplantation. In 2 months a rush on the skin and diarrhea developed. Clinical and laboratory tests showed hepatic insufficiency, local necrosis of the skin's epithelial cells, intestinal crypts and liver parenchymal cells. What was the reason for symptoms aggravation? @"Graft against the owner" disease Sepsis development An acute graft rejection A chronic graft rejection - # 114 The transplantation of the marrow is carried out to the liquidator of consequences of failure on the Chernobyl atomic power station which has received the big exposure dose. The development of reaction " the transplant against the owner " is diagnosed at the patient in few days after the carried out operation. Which antigens have served as a releaser of occurrence of this reaction? @Antigens of system HLA of cells of an organism of the liquidator. Antigens of system Rh of erythrocytes of the liquidator. Antigenes HBs, HBc, HBe Antigens of system ABO of erythrocytes of the liquidator. Antigens of system HLA of cells of an organism of the donor. # 115 The patient.s condition has worsened in 2 months after operation of kidney transplantation. On the basis of laboratory inspection it is ascertained, that reaction of the transplantant rejection began. Which factor of immune system plays a main role in this reaction? @T-killers. Interleucin-1. Natural killers. B-lymphocytes. T-helpers 2. # 116 A 43-year-old male, with a history of kidney transplantation, followed by immunosuppressive therapy, died of intoxication. A histological investigation of his lungs, kidneys and pancreas revealed strikingly enlarged (giant) cells with basophilic cytoplasm and large nucleus. The violet intranuclear inclusions surround by a small clear halo, reminded an eye of an owl. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Cytomegaly Tuberculosis Syphilis Lepra Plague # 117 Minutes after a donor kidney is connected to the recipient’s blood vessels, the transplanted kidney turns blue, becomes flaccid, excretes a few drops of bloody urine, and has to be removed. Histologic examination of the kidney reveals neutrophils within arterioles, glomeruli, and peritubular capillaries. Immunoglobulin and complement are found to be deposited in blood vessel walls. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily involved in this type of transplant rejection? Donor cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directed against host antigens Host cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directed against donor antigens Donor natural killer cells are directed against host antigens Preformed donor antibodies are directed against host antigens @Preformed host antibodies are directed against donor antigens # 118 The transplantation of a donor skin has been made to the patient with the large burns. But the transplant became swollen at the 8th day, its colour changed and for 11 day started to torn away. What cells are take part in the tearing away? @T-lymphocytes Erythrocytes Basophils Eosinocytes B-lymphocytes # 119 Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process? B-lymphocytes Erythrocytes @T-lymphocytes Basophils Eosinophils # 120 Physical examination of a pregnant woman with an Rh-negative blood revealed a high level of antierythrocyte antibodies. The cutaneous flap of her Rh-positive husband applied for depression of antibodies. In 2 weeks a flap was rejected. Microscopical investigation showed a disturbance of blood circulation, edema and cellular infiltration mainly by lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. What is the most probable pathology? @Transplantation immunity Hypersensitivity reaction immediate type Hypersensitivity reaction slow type Granulomatous inflammation Interstitial inflammation # 121 During puncture biopsy, a diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes, plasmocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmoblasts and a necrotic arteriitis were revealed in the transplanted kidney. What pathologic process has developed in the transplant? Tubulonecrosis Glomerulonephritis Ischemic damage of the kidney @Immune rejection Pyelonephritis # 122 During operation of kidney transplantation in 15 minutes after vascular anastomoses application, transplant became flabby, cyanotic and spotty; the pulsation was absent. Microscopical investigation of a kidney specimen revealed periendothelial accumulation of neutrophils in glomeruli vessels. In addition there were also a thrombosis and necrosis of some glomeruli. Specify the type of graft rejection. @Hyperacute rejection Accelerated rejection Acute intersticial rejection Acute vascular rejection Chronic rejection # 123 A morphological investigation of a kidney graft revealed a diffuse stromal infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts, and also a necrotic arteriitis. What pathology has developed in a graft? @Immunological graft rejection Glomerulonephritis Ischemic kidney damage Tubular necroses Pyelonephritis # 124 Transplantation of kidney was performed between identical tweens. Graft between genetically identical individuals most probably: @Will be not rejected Will be subjected to hypersensitivity type IV Will cause lethal graft-versus-host disease Will be characterized by type I hypersensitivity Will be rejected slowly as a result of minor histocompartibility antigens # 125 Local lymphonodules enlarged near the infected wound. Increased amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles in the cortical layer and large amount of plasma cells were revealed on histological examination. What process in the lymphatic nodules represent these histological changes? Tumour transformation @Antigen stimulation Innate insufficiency of the lymphoid tissue Hypersensibility reaction Acquired insufficiency of the lymphoid tissue # 126 A young man presents with the enlargement of the regional lymph nodes next to his inflamed wound. Histological investigation of the lymph node biopsy revealed the increased number of macrophages, lymphocytes and lymphoid follicules within cortex zone. Plasma cells number also increased. These alterations are most likely result of: @Antigen stimulation The acquired insufficiency of lymphoid tissue (secondary immunodeficiency state) Hereditary immunodeficiency state Neoplastic transformation Hypersensitivity reaction # 127 Histological investigation of a lymph node revealed a considerable quantity of the enlarged lymphoid follicles with big germinal centers, and plenty of mitotic figures. What pathology these changes are characteristic for? @Antigen stimulation with follicle hyperplasia Atrophy of lymphoid tissue Lymphosarcoma Lymphogranulomatosis Lympholeukemia • # 128 During a histological research of bioptate of lymphoid node: hyperaemia and swelling of cortex layer, in light centre of follicles and in the medulla there is a large amount of plasma cells, small amount of lymphocytes, sinus cell active proliferation and great macrophage reaction. Name the changes in the lymphoid node. Inherited peripheral lymphoid tissue insufficiency Acute lymphadenitis Lymphoid tissue suppression Lypmphogranulematosis @Lymphoid tissue antigen stimulation # 129 A 20-year-old woman died of postnatal sepsis. A post-mortem revealed enlarged congested spleen with abundant curettage from a cut section. Microscopical investigation showed hyperplasia and infiltration by plasmocytes of the red pulp and spleen's follicles. The red pulp was also rich with macrophages. What pathology resulted in spleen's alteration? @Antigenic stimulation of an organism Hereditary insufficiency of a peripheric lymphoid tissue Reaction of hypersensitivity of immediate type Reaction of hypersensitivity of the slowed type * Autoimmunization # 130 Your patient under long-term antibiotic treatment makes autoantibodies against his own red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. Which of the following mechanisms can explain the hemolysis development? @Complement is activated, and membrane attack complexes lyse the red cells Perforins and granzymes from cytotoxic T cells lyse the RBCs Neutrophils release proteases that lyse the red cells Apoptosis Interleukin-2 binds to a receptor on the red cells, which results in lysis of the red cells # 131 The renal biopsy from a 30-year-old woman with a positive antinuclear antibody test at a titer of 1:1024, acute renal failure, myalgias, and bilateral serous pleural effusions shows a granular pattern of immunofluorescence staining with antibody to complement component Clq. This pattern is most typically produced as a consequence of which of the following immunologic mechanisms: IgE coating mast cells Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody @Antigen-antibody complexes Macrophage release of lymphokines Release ofprostaglandins # 132 A 33-year-old patient with a history of acute tonsillitis presented with the urinary syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia). Kidneys biopsy revealed an intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Electronic microscopy determined large subepithelial deposits. What is the pathogenesis of this disease? @Immune complex mechanism Atopy Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies Cellularally caused cytolysis Granulomatosis # 133 The second pregnancy of a 23-year-old woman appears uncomplicated until ultrasound performed at 19 weeks shows hydrops fetalis. The fetal organ development is consistent for 19 weeks, and no congenital anomalies are noted. Her first pregnancy was uncomplicated and resulted in the birth of a normal girl at term. The current pregnancy yields a baby born prematurely at 32 weeks gestation with marked icterus. The baby is also markedly anemic, and an exchange transfusion is performed. Which of the following immunologic mechanisms best explains these findings? Anti-receptor antibody Loss of self tolerance Immune complex formation Delayed type hypersensitivity @Complement mediated cell destruction # 134 A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication? Antiallergic @Immunosuppressive Antitoxic Antishock Anti-inflammatory # 135 A 57-year-old woman presents with difficulty swallowing, drooping eyelids, and double vision. Work-up finds a mass in the anterior mediastinum. Biopsies from this mass reveal thymus tissue having scattered reactive lymphoid follicles with germinal centers. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Malignant thymoma Thymic carcinoma @Thymic hyperplasia Thymic hypoplasia Thymic lymphoma # 136 An infantile girl of 14 suddenly died after acute respiratory viral infection. During the section following changes were observed: severe enlargement of thymus, generalized hyperplasia of lymphatic nodes and hypoplasia of the ovaries. Diagnose the disease. @Thymicolymphatic status Accidental involution of the thymus Thymic hypoplasia Thymic atrophy Thymoma # 137 A 7-month-old child died of severe pneumonia complicated by sepsis. A post-mortem revealed an absence of thymus. In lymph nodes there were no lymphoid follicles and cortical substance, in a spleen follicles were markedly reduced, germinal centers were absent. What is the most likely diagnosis? @ Thymus agenesia Thymus aplasia Thymus atrophy Thymus hypoplasia Acidental thymus involution # 138 A newborn died after 3 days of life, as a result of a lethal outcome of intrauterine pneumonia. At autopsy a newborn is sound have a great reduction of his thymic weight and its sizes. Histological investigation of thymus revealed the unclear boundary between cortex and medulla zone as a result of lymphocytes amount reduction. A few Hassall corpuscles were found. They were focally keratinized and had concentric aggregated of epithelial cells. The gland was also exhibited lobe atrophy and sclerosis. What pattern of reaction did the thymus demonstrate? @Accidental thymus transformation (involution) Thymus atrophy Thymus hypotrophy Thymus aplasia (agenesis) Thymus neoplasia # 139 A 3-year-old child died of an acute destructive staphylococcal pneumonia. Macroscopically, thymus mass reduced to 3,0 gr. Microscopical investigation of thymus showed reduction of lobules, considerable decline of lymphocytes quantity, stromal collapse, and inversion of layers with cystic enlargement of the Hassall's bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Accidental thymus involution Thymomegaly Thymus hypoplasia Thymus dysplasia Thymus agnenesia An exacerbation of a chronic hepatitis # 140 A 5-year-old child died of acute destructive staphylococcus pneumonia. During the examination of the thymus was revealed the decrease in its mass to 3,0g. The histological examination showed the regress of the gland’s lobules, greatly decreased amount of lymphocytes with the collapse of the stroma, the inversion of coats, a cyst like increment of Hassall’s corpuscles (bodies). What is the most possible diagnosis? Thymic dysplasia Thymomegaly Thymic hypoplasia @Accidental involution Thymic agenesia # 141 The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epithelioreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called? Thymus hypotrophy Age thymus involition Thymus atrophy Thymus distrophy @Accidental thymus involution # 142 Influence of unfavourable factors upon the organism causes change of thymus accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their displacement to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epithelioreticulocytes. What phenomenon is it? Thymus atrophy Thymus dystrophy Age thymus involution @Accidental thymus involution Thymus hypotrophy # 143 A 4-yers-old boy presents with multiple malformation of craniofacial bones. He died soon due to sepsis, resulted from bronchopneumonia. Blood test revealed the immunoglobulins within normal range. At autopsy the thymical aplasia was identified. Name the mane cause of death. @ Cellular immunodeficiency Combined immunodeficiency Secondary immunodeficiency Acute leukemia Chronic intoxication # 144 If a child has no detectable T and B cells, it results in severe immunodeficiency. The most probable defect is in: @Stem cells originating in the bone marrow The bursal equivalent T cell-B cell interaction The thymus The spleen # 145 Child B. 1 year old is frequently sick of viral-bacterial infections which are badly given in therapies. The absence of the lymphocytes providing cellular immunity in the blood is revealed at carrying out of the immunological status research. Which failure of immunity and on which system is revealed at the given sick child? @Initial immunodeficiency, on T-system Secondary immunodeficiency, on T-system Initial immunodeficiency, on B-system Initial immunodeficiency, on macrophagal system Initial immunodeficiency, on microphages # 146 A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with erythrocytes of a ram. What conclusion can be made according to the analysis data? Decrease of complement system rate Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity @Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate Decrease of natural killer cell rate # 147 The immunological researches are carried out at the patient with clinical attributes of an immunodeficiency. Significant decrease of the cells amount which form rosettes with erythrocytes of the ram is revealed. What conclusion should be made on the basis of the data of the analysis? @Decrease of the level of T-lymphocytes Decrease of the level of B-lymphocytes Decrease of the level of natural killers (NK-cells) Decrease of the level of complement system Failure of cells - effectors of human immunity # 148 |