ГОУ ВПО «Воронежская государственная медицинская академия имени Н.Н. Бурденко»
Кафедра иностранных языков
Combined Language Skills Practice: A Handbook for Medical Students
Лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку
для студентов медицинских вузов
Воронеж 2009
УДК 881.111
ББК 81.423.1
Combined Language Skills Practice: A Handbook for Medical Students (Лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку для студентов медицинских вузов) / А.О. Стеблецова и др. – Воронеж: ВГМА, 2009. - 48 с.
Практикум представляет собой лексические и грамматические задания по английскому языку, а также упражнения по аудированию.
Разработан на основе рабочих программ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для специальностей 060101 Лечебное дело, 060103 Педиатрия, 060105 Стоматология, 060104 Медико-профилактическое дело, 060108 Фармация.
Предлагаемые задания основаны на аутентичных текстах, что позволит студентам совершенствовать навыки грамматически правильного оформления высказываний, навыки чтения и аудирования, а также развивать языковую интуицию на профессионально ориентированном материале. Все упражнения практикума могут быть использованы для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов, а также в качестве контрольно-измерительных материалов для промежуточного и финального рейтингового тестирования.
Предназначен для студентов 1-2 го курсов лечебного, педиатрического, стоматологического, медико-профилактического и фармацевтического факультетов медицинских вузов.
Рецензент:
кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английской филологии Воронежского государственного университета Я.Н. Еремеев
Печатается по решению Центрального методического совета ГОУ ВПО
«Воронежская государственная медицинская академия им. Н.Н. Бурденко» (протокол № 4 от 12.02.09 г.).
© ВГМА, 2009
CONTENTS
Chapter I. Reading Comprehension 4
Chapter II Use of English 12
1. Lexical Cloze Tasks 12
2. Multiple Choice Tasks 14
3. Word Formation Tasks 19
Chapter III. Grammar 21
1. Grammar of Tenses and Verb Forms 21
2. Grammar Tests 25
Chapter IV. Listening Comprehension 42
References 48
Chapter I. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Read Text 1 and complete the tasks below
Text 1. EXERCISE - A KEY TO FITNESS
Many people lead sedentary lives, exercising infrequently or not at all - both at work and in their leisure time. Lack of physical activity is detrimental to our health and as our society advances technologically, we are becoming a more sedentary population.
People who don’t exercise have higher rates of death and heart disease compared to people who perform even mild to moderate amounts of physical activity. Our body needs exercise to stay healthy.
The secret to permanent weight control is not a diet at all. It is a well-balanced, lifetime eating plan based on good, tasty foods that have maximum nutritional value. You can actually eat more and weigh less.
Exercise improves our physical fitness in many ways. It gives our body strength. It makes our body flexible, or able to bend and stretch easily. Exercise also builds up our endurance. Endurance is the ability of our body to work for a long time without tiring.
Exercise enhances the quality of life, helps reduce stress, tension, anxiety and depression, and improves the efficiency of the body’s systems, thus slowing down the aging process. Regular physical activity greatly reduces the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and colon cancer; enhances mental health; and preserves independence in older adults.
Regular exercise, especially aerobic, can boost self-image and self-esteem. Aerobic exercise is which the body’s oxygen needs are met.
One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______
Write down the letter of the paragraph which proves the fact
Our self-esteem can be boosted by regular exercises.
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2 _____
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Exercise reduces stress and improves the quality of life.
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3 _____
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Regular exercise can strengthen your heart and cardiovascular system.
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4 _____
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A sedentary lifestyle is one of the major health problems of modern life.
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5 _____
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Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
Endurance is our body’s ability to function long and successfully.
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6_____
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Technological advances lead to a more active way of life.
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7 _____
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Physical exercises increase the risk of diabetes.
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8 _____
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Regular physical exercise can help us remain younger for a long time.
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9 _____
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People who don’t exercise are more likely to develop a heart disease
than those who do.
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10 _____
|
B. Read Text 2 and complete the tasks below
Text 2. MENINGITIS
_______ . It is characterized by primary infection of the nasopharynx, secondary invasion of the blood stream, and by inflammation of the covering of the brain.
_______ . Entry is through the nose and throat, from which the bacteria enter the blood stream and are carried to the brain, where they bring about the infection. The disease is most common in the late winter and early spring. The incubation period of meningitis is from two to ten days. The first stage of the disease may be without symptoms or there may be evidence of an upper respiratory infection with a nasal discharge which contains the bacteria.
________ . The patient is apathetic and indifferent, his speech is monosyllabic and he is silent and immobile. The temperature at first may rise only slightly, but a bluish skin color is common, and the patient's skin is sore to the touch. In this second stage a rash may develop, the patches varying greatly in size. They are red and fade after four or five days, leaving irregular brownish stains.
________ . In-patients should follow all the doctor's administrations, otherwise complications, such as delirium or coma, may develop.
The following sentences 1-4 have been removed from the text. Decide which paragraph they belong to and put the letter of the paragraph next to the sentence
Meningitis is treated in the hospital with the help of antibiotics.
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1 _____
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The second stage represents the period when the bacteria are being
carried by the blood stream.
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2 _____
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The disease is transmitted by droplet infection from the nasopharynx
of patients or healthy carries.
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3 _____
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Meningitis is an acute infectious disease caused by a germ called
meningococcus.
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4 _____
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Write down the number of the paragraph which
describes cutaneous manifestations
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5 _____
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describes complications
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6 _____
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describes initial symptoms
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7 _____
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describes the ways of contamination
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8 _____
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gives the general definition of the disease
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9 _____
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Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
The disease is transmitted by blood transfusion.
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10 _____
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Meningitis is an acute infectious disease caused by a germ called
pneumococcus.
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11 _____
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The patches of different size may appear on the patient` skin.
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12 _____
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The discharge from the patient's nose contains the bacteria.
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13 _____
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The onset of the disease is very sudden.
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14 _____
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Fortunately, meningitis is never followed by complications.
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15 _____
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C. Read Text 3 and complete the tasks below
Text 3. LIVING A LONG LIFE
It is often said that Japanese people, on average, live much longer than Europeans. To a large extend this must be due to the food most Japanese people eat since from the point of view of the life-style, life in modern Japan is no less stressful than ours in the west.
The Japanese live on a diet largely made up of fish and rice. At lunch-time a typical Japanese family will consume at least twice as many vegetables as we do in Europe. In comparison with Europeans, the Japanese eat far less meat and fewer potatoes; at the same time, they eat seven times more fresh fish than we do which make their diet much healthier by far. It would be fair to say that, in general, the Japanese consume far less sugar than Europeans, though the modern Japanese — frequent visitors to Europe on business or for pleasure — are discovering the pleasures and dangers of western-style eating habits.
The doctor will recommend that you drink lots of fluids, get plenty of rest, and may suggest using an over-the-counter or prescription cough medicine to relieve your symptoms as you recover.
One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______
Decide who (Japanese or Europeans) prefers the products below and put J or E next to the item of food
Potatoes
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2 _____
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Meat
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3 _____
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Fish
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4 _____
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Sugar
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5 _____
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Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
The Japanese live as long as people in western countries.
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6 _____
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From the point of view of life-style, life in modern Japan is less stressful than in Europe.
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7 _____
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The Japanese eat much more vegetables than Europeans.
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8 _____
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When in Europe on business, the Japanese try to eat only their national food.
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9 _____
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They consume more sugar than we do.
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10 _____
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D. Read Text 4 and complete the tasks below
Text 4. Science against Pain
Many doctors and scientists in various countries in the past tried to discover ways and means of killing pain. Anaesthesia, which is an ordinary thing now, is the result of the long and hard work of many. It is difficult to say now who was the first, but some of the names must not be forgotten.
In 1776 Joseph Priestley, a prominent English chemist, found a gas which is now called "laughing-gas" because it makes people feel a little drunk after inhaling it. For about thirty years no one was seriously interested in it, but in 1800 Humphry Davy, the famous English chemist, noticed its effects. He also said that it would probably be useful in operations because it could take away pain.
About 1824 an English doctor Hickman read Davy's books and tried laughing-gas on dogs and other animals. He got some good results, but still no interest was shown. Hickman died young, before he could make people believe in laughing-gas as an anaesthetic.
In 1980, the World Health Organization announced that smallpox was wiped out — the first (and only) time in history that an infectious disease was declared eliminated from the planet.
Laughing-gas became known in America, where young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, who was a dentist, noticed that people did not seem to feel pain when they were under the effects of this gas. He decided to try an experiment on himself. He asked a friend to help him. Wells inhaled some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Wells' teeth. Wells felt no pain at all. He had lost a perfectly good tooth, but he was delighted. Teeth could now be pulled out without pain.
One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______
Write down the letter of the paragraph which proves the fact
The first application of "laughing-gas" on man was in dentistry.
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2 _____
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The experiments on human beings were preceded by trials on animals.
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3 _____
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The anaesthetic effect of "laughing-gas" was not noticed at once.
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4 _____
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There were many scientists who contributed to the discovery of anaesthesia.
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5 _____
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Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
Nobody knows who was the first to use anaesthesia for killing pain.
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6 _____
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It was in America where "laughing-gas" was found by Joseph Priestley, a prominent chemist.
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7 _____
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For a long time no one was seriously interested in "laughing-gas".
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8 _____
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An English doctor called Hickman was the first to try "laughing-gas" on dogs and other animals.
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9 _____
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Horace Wells, an American dentist, decided to try an experiment on himself, but his friend refused to help him.
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10 _____
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E. Read Text 5 and complete the tasks below
Text 5. What Is Bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. This delicate, mucus-producing lining covers and protects the respiratory system, the organs and tissues involved in breathing. When a person has bronchitis, it may be harder for air to pass in and out of the lungs than it normally would, the tissues become irritated and more mucus is produced. The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough.
When you breathe in (inhale), small, bristly hairs near the openings of your nostrils filter out dust, pollen and other airborne particles. Bits that slip through become attached to the mucus membrane, which has tiny, hair-like structures called cilia on its surface. But sometimes germs get through the cilia and other defense systems in the respiratory tract and can cause illness.
Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. An acute medical condition comes on quickly and can cause severe symptoms, but it lasts only a short time (no longer than a few weeks). Acute bronchitis is most often caused by one of a number of viruses that can infect the respiratory tract and attack the bronchial tubes. Infection by certain bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis. Most people have acute bronchitis at some point in their lives.
The flu usually occurs in small outbreaks, but epidemics tend to occur every several years. Epidemics (when the illness spreads rapidly and affects many people in an area at the same time) peak within 2 or 3 weeks after the first cases occur.
Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, can be mild to severe and is longer lasting — from several months to years. With chronic bronchitis, the bronchial tubes continue to be inflamed (red and swollen), irritated, and produce excessive mucus over time. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking
People who have chronic bronchitis are more susceptible to bacterial infections of the airway and lungs, like pneumonia. (In some people with chronic bronchitis, the airway becomes permanently infected with bacteria.) Pneumonia is more common among smokers and people who are exposed to secondhand smoke.
One paragraph in this text is the odd one. Put the letter of this paragraph 1_______
Decide whether the statements are true or false and put (T) or (F) next to the statement
The bronchial tubes are the airways that connect the lungs to the alveoli.
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2 _____
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In bronchitis less mucus is produced in the lungs.
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3 _____
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Hair-like structures called cilia can attach bits that slip through.
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4 _____
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Both viruses and bacteria can cause acute bronchitis.
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5 _____
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Few people have acute bronchitis at some point in their lives.
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6 _____
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Chronic bronchitis usually lasts for about three weeks.
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7 _____
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In chronic bronchitis the bronchial tubes don't produce excessive mucus.
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8 _____
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Smoking is the most prevalent cause of chronic bronchitis.
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9 _____
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Smokers are more likely to develop other infectious diseases like
pneumonia.
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10 _____
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F. Read Text 6 and complete the tasks below
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