Английский. Текст и переведите
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Повторите ранее изученную лексику и грамматику и соотнесите между собой следующие фразы или предложения из разных колонок.Only two numeric characters are available. To produce his own debugging aids… … because of converting data into useful information. On the other hand it means that sounds and images have been repre- sented. These similar terms are said to be used interchangeably. Information refers to the processed output. In fact, turning on the switch pro- vides… Hence, the computer accepts random facts as an input. … whether it has recognized a char- Эти подобные термины, как гово- рят, используются взаимозаменяемо. … распознал ли он символ или нет. Информация относится к обрабо- танным выходным данным. Имеются в распоряжении только два числовых символа. Однако, регистры процессора, как оказывается, действуют эффективно. Следовательно, компьютер при- нимает случайные факты в качестве входных данных. Чтобы произвести свои собствен- ные средства отладки… С другой стороны, это означает, что были представлены звуки и изо- бражения. acter or not. 10. However, the processor registers appear to function efficiently. …из-за превращения данных в по- лезную информацию. Фактически, включение пере- ключателя обеспечивает… РАБОТА НАД ГРАММАТИКОЙНЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ Независимый причастный оборот выглядит как отдельное предложение с самостоятельным подлежащим, где вместо глагола – сказуемого употреб- ляется причастие I (Ving) в любой форме. Оборот всегда отделяется запя-той. В основном, независимый причастный оборот стоит в конце предложе- ния, предоставляя уточняющие сведения. Он переводится самостоятельным предложением с союзами: причем, и, а The computer consists of some parts, processorandmemorybeinglocated (=are located) onthemotherboard. Компьютер состоит из нескольких частей, причемпроцессор и памятьрасположенына материнскойплате. Переведите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом на русский язык.There are two types of built-in memory used in a computer, volatile mem- ory storing data temporarily and nonvolatile memory keeping it permanently. The entered data consists of raw facts, the computer converting them into meaningful information. Two types of RAM are utilized, static RAM being more expensive. The entire CPU can be developed on one microprocessor, in powerful computers the processing task being performed by multiple processing chips. All the computer resources are managed from the control unit, the CPUs instructions being built into it. Memory may have different capacity, the amount of memory affecting the speed and power of the computer. ROM contains start-up instructions, the hardware devices and operating system being checked by it as well. The computer program may be written in many programming languages, programmers using high-level languages. Within a computer data is organized into files, a computer file being also able to contain program instructions. To a computer any sentence looks like a string of ones and zeros, the on-state of the switch representing a 1 and the off-state representing a 0. РАБОТА НАД ЧТЕНИЕМ, ПИСЬМОМ И УСТНОЙ РЕЧЬЮПрочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык. Выделите предложение, содержащее независимый причастный оборот.Data The words data and information are often used interchangeably. There is, however, an important distinction between them. Data consists of raw facts that a computer organizes to produce information. Therefore, information refers to the processed output that is organized, meaningful and useful to the person who re- ceives it. Data, on the other hand, can be thought of as random facts that are ac- cepted as the input to a computer and are intended to be processed. Taken indi- vidually, most of them do not have meaning. Grouped together, however, they convey specific meanings. Hence, a computer converts meaningless data into use- ful information. It often seems as though computers must understand us because we under- stand the information they produce. But it is not so. Everything that computers do is recognizing two distinct physical states produced by electricity. The difference between these two states depends on whether a switch is on or off. A computer appears to understand data only because of operating at a very high speed, assem- bling its individual on / off states into meaningful patterns. So, data is the term used to describe the information represented by groups of on/off switches. In fact, data consists of letters, numbers, sounds or images. No matter what kind of data is entered into a computer, however, the computer converts it to numbers. In a computer everything is a number. Numbers are numbers, letters and punctuation marks are numbers, sounds and pictures are numbers. Even the computer’s own instructions are numbers. Computer data looks rather strange. To a person any sentence may look like a string of alphabetic characters but to a computer it looks like the string of ones and zeros because only two numeric symbols can be available. These two nu- meric values mean two possible states – on and off, the off-state representing a 0, and the on-state representing a 1. Because there are only two values, computers are said to function in a binary number system. When referring to computerized data the value represented by each switch’s state – whether the switch is turned on or off – is called a bit. A bit is the smallest possible unit of data a computer can recognize or use. To represent anything meaningful (in other words to convey information) a computer uses bits in groups. A group of 8 bits is called a bite. The byte is an extremely important unit because different 8-bit combinations may represent all the characters on the key- board. Within the computer, data is organized into files. A computer file is simply a set of data that has been given a name. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.Are data and information similar meanings? What does information represent? What does data mean? What is the relationship between data and information? Can the computer understand data in the form it is entered into it? How can the computer understand the entered data? What can data consist of? What is the only form of data representation that the computer under- stands? How does a sentence look like to a person? 10.How does a sentence look like to a computer? 11.What is a bit? 12.Can one bit convey information? 13.What is a byte? 14.How is data organized in a computer? Рассмотрите план к тексту «Data». Выделите наиболее общие пункты плана и те, которые лишь уточняют их.The distinction between data and information. The meaning of data. The meaning of information. The way of understanding data by a computer. Two distinct states of a switch. The way of presentation data in a computer. Converting all entered data into numbers by a computer. The view of a sentence to a person and a computer. The usage of a binary number system for representing data. 10.The units used for representing data. 11.Employing groups of bits for conveying information. 12.Organizing computer data into files. Напишите аннотацию к тексту, отражая в ней лишь наиболее общие положения, согласно заданию III.Устно представьте информацию текста «Data», используя дан- ный в задании III план к тексту (устный реферат текста). Представьте всю изученную в данном пособии информацию о составных частях компьютерной системы (письменный или устный реферат всех текстов). |